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La obesidad es una enfermedad muy prevalente con múltiples complicaciones crónicas que se reducen o desaparecen tras pérdidas pequeñas (5-10%) pero mantenidas de peso. Sin embargo, mantener la pérdida de peso tras el tratamiento es muy difícil, siendo uno de los mayores retos en el control de esta enfermedad. Aunque las razones que contribuyen a recuperar el peso perdido son de diversa índole, relacionadas con la respuesta biológica a la restricción calórica y con la pérdida de adherencia al tratamiento, hasta un 20% de los pacientes son capaces de mantenerlo. Las claves del éxito están relacionadas con el mantenimiento de los hábitos de vida saludable, el ejercicio físico y una ingesta calórica razonable que permita realizar una vida normal, sin pérdida de vida social. En este sentido, aprender a distinguir las opciones de comida y bebida en una sociedad donde la vida social gira en torno a la mesa en muchas ocasiones es muy importante. Revisamos en este artículo las claves para mantener el peso tras una dieta, así como el papel de las bebidas fermentadas, en especial, la cerveza, en este proceso. En conclusión, mantener el peso perdido es más difícil que perderlo. El consumo leve-moderado de bebidas fermentadas como la cerveza no se asocia con incremento del peso

Objective: To assess the validity of the use of IGF-1, IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3 as biochemical markers of nutritional status in prepubertal healthy children. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Healthy children from the Madrid area. Participants: Prepubertal children (aged 7–10 years) with a body mass index (BMI) above the 90th percentile (n = 25) and below the 10th percentile (n = 31) were selected from 2,559 included in the CAENPE study (Food Intake and Nutritional Status in Schoolchildren from Madrid). Results: Overweight children were found to have higher serum levels of IGF-1 (306 ± 162.2 vs. 209 ± 71.2 ng/ml, p < 0.001) and IGFBP-3 (3.3 ± 1.0 vs. 2.9± 0.5 mg/l, p < 0.01) and lower serum levels of IGFBP-1 (4.3 ± 3.9 vs. 13.8 ± 7.4 μg/l, p < 0.01). There was a positive correlation with BMI, for IGF-1 and IGFBP-3, and negative correlation for IGFBP-1. No differences in albumin and transferrin concentrations were observed between both groups of children. Conclusion: IGF-1, IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3 clearly classify over- and underweight prepubertal children, showing a good correlation with BMI. They can be used as biochemical markers of caloric nutritional status in this population.

Objective: Our aim was to go deeper in the self-perception of weight and health status among the Spanish population, together with the connections of familiar relationships, physical activity practice, nutritional habits, and sleep patterns with the presence of obesity. Methods: A total of 1,000 subjects were enrolled in April 2017 in a representative adult Spanish population sample. Computer-assisted telephone interviewing was used and self-reported anthropometric data was obtained. Results: The population was composed of 51.3% women, with a mean age of 48 (36–63) years and a BMI of 23.2 (20.3–26.6). Although only 17.7% of subjects with self-reported obesity exhibited the self-perception to suffer from obesity, they referred a bad (16%) or regular (47%) self-perceived health status. Subjects who considered themselves as people with overweight and obesity displayed a BMI of 30.5 (28.7–32.2) and 37.1 (34.8–41.5), respectively. The obesity group displayed the highest percentage (71.9%) of participants with some first-degree relative with overweight or obesity (p < 0.001) in comparison with the other groups. The main reason put forward of preventing healthy eating among subjects with obesity was that they dislike healthy food. The multivariable logistic regression model for presence of obesity showed that there was a significant association with older age, presence of a first-degree relative with weight excess, a positive snacking habit, and daily alcohol consumption (p ≤ 0.019). Conclusion: The Spanish population has a low self-perception of obesity. Our data also reinforces the strong association between obesity and age, family interactions, usual snacking, and daily consumption of wine or beer.