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Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: the authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Uveal melanoma (UM), the most common primary intraocular cancer in adults, is among the tumors with poorer prognosis. Recently, the role of the oncometabolite lactate has become attractive due to its role as hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1) activator, as an epigenetic modulator inducing lysine residues lactylation and, of course, as a glycolysis end-product, bridging the gap between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. The aim of the present study was to dissect in UM cell line (92.1) the role of lactate as either a metabolite or a signaling molecule, using the known modulators of HCAR1 and of lactate transporters. Our results show that lactate (20 mM) resulted in a significant decrease in cell proliferation and migration, acting and switching cell metabolism toward oxidative phosphorylation. These results were coupled with increased euchromatin content and quiescence in UM cells. We further showed, in a clinical setting, that an increase in lactate transporters MCT4 and HCAR1 is associated with a spindle-shape histological type in UM. In conclusion, our results suggest that lactate metabolism may serve as a prognostic marker of UM progression and may be exploited as a potential therapeutic target.

Background and objectives : Dermoscopy is a useful tool for the early and non-invasive diagnosis of skin malignancies. Besides many progresses, heavily pigmented and amelanotic skin tumors remain still a challenge. We aimed to investigate by dermoscopy if distinctive morphologic characteristics of vessels may help the diagnosis of equivocal nodular lesions. Materials and Methods: A collage of 16 challenging clinical and dermoscopic images of 8 amelanotic and 8 heavily pigmented nodular melanomas and basal cell carcinomas was sent via e-mail to 8 expert dermoscopists. Results: Dermoscopy improved diagnostic accuracy in 40 cases. Vessels were considered the best clue in 71 cases. Focusing on the diameter of vessels improved diagnosis in 5 cases. Conclusions: vascular diameter in addition to morphology and arrangement may be a useful dermoscopic clue for the differential diagnosis of clinically equivocal nodular malignant tumors.

Bone is the fourth most common site of melanoma metastasis after lung, liver, and brain. Melanoma bone metastases typically occur in patients who already have widespread metastases in other organs. Current available approaches for bone metastases from melanoma include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, biological therapy, combination therapy, and surgery. In this narrative review, we describe the management of patients affected by melanoma bone metastases, discussing the diagnostic and treatment approaches as well as their impact on survival and quality of life. Despite the fact that clinical and surgical trials will be required to determine the most appropriate treatment, we do expect a newer and more important role of multidisciplinary approach in the management of melanoma patients with bone metastases in the next future., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Background: No specific features of nevus-associated melanoma (NAM) are currently defined., Objective: To identify clinical/dermoscopic features of NAM., Methods: Retrospective evaluation of histopathologically diagnosed NAM., Results: Eighty of 165 NAMs had a clinically recognizable nevus component, often raised or nodular, most frequently characterized by different morphologic clones and/or colors. In 111 of 165 NAMs, dermoscopy showed a nevus component, prevalently characterized by regular dots/clods and structureless brown areas. Clinically, the melanoma component was eccentric/peripheral in 45 of 80 cases and central in 35 of 80; dermoscopically, the figures were 59 of 111 and 52 of 111, respectively. Melanomas associated with congenital nevi (C-NAMs) occur at a younger age and have a thicker Breslow depth than melanomas associated with acquired nevi (NC-NAMs). Dermoscopically, regular dots/globules characterize C-NAMs, and hypopigmented structureless areas characterize NC-NAMs., Limitations: Retrospective analysis., Conclusion: C-NAMs are more often central to a congenital nevus, with a clod/globular or structureless brown pattern, typical of young patients. NC-NAMs are frequently hypopigmented nodules/plaques, eccentric/peripheral, with hypopigmented structureless areas, typical of older patients., (Copyright © 2020 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Melanoma constitutes one of the most sinister and troublesome malignancies encountered by humanity. Generally, the diagnosis of advanced melanoma connotes a grave prognosis, prompting a sense of looming threat of death, however, the early-stage detected disease responds well to robust treatment resulting in reasonable survivorship. Scalp melanomas are even more troublesome, because they typically exhibit more aggressive biologic behavior and are often diagnosed at a late stage. This review tries to comprehensively highlight the various diagnostic, therapeutic, and outcome aspects of scalp melanomas. The literature research includes peer-reviewed articles (clinical trials or scientific reviews). Studies were identified by searching electronic databases (MEDLINE and PubMed) till May 2020 and reference lists of respective articles. Only articles published in English language were included., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Purpose of Review: To evaluate noninvasive imaging techniques in the management of skin cancers., Recent Findings: In the last decades, a wide range of noninvasive imaging methods has been developed in the field of dermatooncology with the aim to detect and assess the several structural and molecular changes that characterize skin cancer development and progression., Summary: In this review, we discuss the current and emerging applications of noninvasive imaging approaches in skin cancer management, such as digital photography, dermoscopy, ultrasound sonography, reflectance confocal microscopy, optical coherence tomography, electrical impedance techniques, Raman spectroscopy, multispectral imaging, fluorescence imaging, and multispectral optoacustic tomography.