30 results on '"Carlesimo, G. A."'
Search Results
2. Prospective memory in thalamic amnesia.
- Author
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Carlesimo GA, Costa A, Serra L, Bozzali M, Fadda L, and Caltagirone C
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Amnesia pathology, Intention, Memory physiology, Thalamus physiopathology
- Abstract
The contribution of the thalamus to the functioning of prospective memory (PM) is currently unknown. Here we report an experimental investigation of the performance of two patients with bilateral infarcts in the anterior-mesial regions of the thalami on an event-based PM paradigm. One patient, G.P., had a pervasive declarative memory impairment but no significant executive deficit. The other patient, R.F., had a memory deficit limited to verbal material with associated behavioral abnormalities (inertia and apathy); she performed poorly on tests of executive functions. Although both patients performed poorly on the PM task, a qualitative analysis of performance revealed different mechanisms at the base of their impaired PM. G.P. had reduced declarative memory for target words compared with normal controls; but, unforgotten words were normally able to elicit his recall of the prospective intention. Conversely, R.F.'s declarative memory for target words was as accurate as that of normal controls, but she presented a dramatically reduced ratio between the number of target words she recalled and the number of times she activated the prospective intention on the PM task, suggesting that her deficit consisted of difficulty in activating the intention despite normal declarative memory for the target events. In conclusion, results of the present study demonstrate that thalamic structures have an important role in PM processes. They also document that damage to the anterior-mesial regions of the thalami affects PM abilities by two different mechanisms, respectively based on the relative disruption of declarative memory or executive processes functioning, which, in turn, is related to the specific intrathalamic structures involved by the lesions. Indeed, while G.P.'s pervasive declarative memory deficit was underlain by bilateral involvement of the mammillo-thalamic tract, R.F.'s executive and behavioral abnormalities were likely related to bilateral damage of the midline, intralaminar, and medio-dorsal nuclei., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Implicit memory is independent from IQ and age but not from etiology: evidence from Down and Williams syndromes.
- Author
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Vicari S, Verucci L, and Carlesimo GA
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Female, Humans, Intelligence Tests, Male, Memory Disorders diagnosis, Neuropsychological Tests, Reaction Time, Severity of Illness Index, Down Syndrome complications, Intelligence, Memory, Memory Disorders etiology, Williams Syndrome complications
- Abstract
Background: In the last few years, experimental data have been reported on differences in implicit memory processes of genetically distinct groups of individuals with Intellectual Disability (ID). These evidences are relevant for the more general debate on supposed asynchrony of cognitive maturation in children with abnormal brain development. This study, comparing implicit memory processes in individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) and Down syndrome (DS), was planned to verify the 'etiological specificity' hypotheses pertaining to the skill learning abilities of individuals with ID., Method: A modified version of Nissen and Bullemer's (1987) Serial Reaction Time (SRT) task was used. The performances of three group were evaluated. The first group consisted of thirty-two people with WS (18 males and 14 females). The second group was comprised of twenty-six individuals with DS (14 males and 12 females). The two groups of individuals with ID were selected so that the groups were comparable as for mental age and chronological age. The third group consisted of forty-nine typically developed children with a mental age similar to that of the groups with WS and DS., Results: The two groups of individuals with ID demonstrated different patterns of procedural learning. WS individuals revealed poor implicit learning of the temporal sequence of events characterizing the ordered blocks in the SRT task. Indeed, differently from normal controls, WS participants showed no reaction time (RT) speeding through ordered blocks. Most importantly, the rebound effect, which so dramatically affected normal children's RTs passing from the last ordered to the last block, had only a marginal influence on WS children's RTs. Differently from the WS group, the rate of procedural learning of the participants with DS was comparable to that of their controls. Indeed, DS and typically developed individuals showed parallel RT variations in the series of ordered blocks and, more importantly, passing from the last ordered to the last block. Therefore, a substantial preservation of skill learning abilities in this genetic syndrome is confirmed., Conclusions: The results of the present study document that procedural learning in individuals with ID depends on the aetiology of the syndrome, thus supporting the etiological specificity account of their cognitive development. These results are relevant for our knowledge about the qualitative aspects and the underlying neurobiological substrate of the anomalous cognitive development in mentally retarded people.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Characterization of memory profile in subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.
- Author
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Perri R, Carlesimo GA, Serra L, and Caltagirone C
- Subjects
- Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease psychology, Amnesia diagnosis, Attention physiology, Behavior, Cognition Disorders diagnosis, Female, Form Perception physiology, Humans, Language, Male, Memory, Short-Term physiology, Mental Recall, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Problem Solving, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Visual Perception physiology, Amnesia psychology, Cognition Disorders psychology, Memory physiology
- Abstract
Different aspects of episodic long-term, short-term and implicit long-term memory were investigated in subjects who strictly fulfilled the criteria for the amnestic form of Mild Cognitive Impairment (a-MCI). Results showed normal short-term memory abilities in these subjects, while each of the episodic long-term memory indices explored showed poorer results in a-MCI subjects with respect to normal controls. Although some episodic memory functions were relatively well preserved, others appeared to have deteriorated to a level comparable to that of mild AD patients. The finding of an extensive impairment of all memory functions depending on hippocampal structures in a population with a high risk of developing dementia is strongly supportive of the hypothesis that a pure amnesic syndrome characterizes the preclinical phase of AD.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Parieto-frontal interactions in visual-object and visual-spatial working memory: evidence from transcranial magnetic stimulation.
- Author
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Oliveri M, Turriziani P, Carlesimo GA, Koch G, Tomaiuolo F, Panella M, and Caltagirone C
- Subjects
- Adult, Electric Stimulation, Female, Humans, Male, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance physiology, Scalp, Frontal Lobe physiology, Memory physiology, Parietal Lobe physiology, Space Perception physiology, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
- Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can induce selective working memory (WM) deficits of visual-object versus visual-spatial information in normal humans. Thirty-five healthy subjects performed two computerized visual n-back tasks, in which they were required to memorize spatial locations or abstract patterns. In a first series of experiments, unilateral or bilateral TMS was delivered on posterior parietal and middle temporal regions of both hemispheres after various delays during the WM task. Bilateral temporal TMS increased reaction times (RTs) in the visual-object, whereas bilateral parietal TMS selectively increased RTs in the visual-spatial WM task. These effects were evident at a delay of 300 ms. Response accuracy was not affected by bilateral or unilateral TMS of either cortical region. In a second group of experiments, bilateral TMS was applied over the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) or the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). TMS of the SFG selectively increased RTs in the visual-spatial WM task, whereas TMS of the DLPFC interfered with both WM tasks, in terms of both accuracy and RTs. These effects were evident when TMS was applied after a delay of 600 ms, but not one of 300 ms. These findings confirm the segregation of WM buffers for object and spatial information in the posterior cortical regions. In the frontal cortex, the DLPFC appears to be necessary for WM computations regardless of the stimulus material.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Deficient intentional access to semantic knowledge in patients with severe closed-head injury.
- Author
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Perri R, Carlesimo GA, Loasses A, and Caltagirone C
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Judgment, Male, Names, Reaction Time, Semantics, Craniocerebral Trauma psychology, Language, Memory
- Abstract
Patients after severe closed-head injury (CHI) demonstrate reduced ability to spontaneously utilize semantic memory during word-list memory tests and when requested to answer questions regarding general knowledge. However, they show normal lexical facilitation in both automatic and intentional semantic priming paradigms. The present study was aimed at investigating two alternative hypotheses a) that the deficit in semantic processing after CHI is the result of impaired access to an otherwise normal semantic system or b) that it reflects a loss of knowledge from a deteriorated semantic store. For this purpose, the performance of 15 CHI patients on an automatic Semantic Priming paradigm and on tests of Picture Naming and Semantic Judgment were compared to those of 14 normal controls (NC). Although CHI patients' reaction times were significantly slower than those of NCs, the semantic priming effect was comparable in the two groups. Instead, CHI patients performed significantly worse than NCs in the naming and semantic judgment tasks. These results provide evidence that CHI patients access semantic memory automatically at a normal rate. However, when the task is more demanding in terms of processing requests, then CHI patients' performance becomes defective.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
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7. Developmental dissociation between visual and auditory repetition priming: the role of input lexicons.
- Author
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Carlesimo GA, Vicari S, Albertoni A, Turriziani P, and Caltagirone C
- Subjects
- Child, Dictionaries as Topic, Female, Humans, Language Tests, Male, Reading, Reference Values, Auditory Perception physiology, Child Development, Memory physiology, Visual Perception physiology
- Abstract
Contrasting theories posit the source of verbal repetition priming in the activation of preexisting memory representations in the input lexicons or, alternatively, in the formation of new episodic memory traces. The two hypotheses predict different outcomes from the comparison of developmental rates of visual and auditory verbal repetition priming. The activation theory predicts a developmental dissociation between the early maturation of auditory priming and the later maturation of visuo-verbal priming, contingent upon the discrepant acquisition rates of the auditory and visual input lexicons. The episodic theory, instead, does not make such an assumption. We administered visual and auditory implicit Stem Completion to 40 reading beginners (first-graders), 40 third-graders and 20 fifth-graders. Consistent with previous reports, auditory priming was stable across different age groups. Visual priming and a measure of lexicality in reading, instead, showed a parallel developmental increase passing from reading beginners to third-graders and to fifth-graders. In the overall group, visual priming and the measure of lexicality in reading were significantly associated. These data describe a new developmental dissociation in the memory abilities of normal children and provide further support for the hypothesis that repetition priming for words reflects facilitated access to previously established memory representations.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Implicit and explicit memory: a functional dissociation in persons with Down syndrome.
- Author
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Vicari S, Bellucci S, and Carlesimo GA
- Subjects
- Adult, Cognition physiology, Female, Humans, Intelligence physiology, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Reaction Time physiology, Verbal Behavior, Visual Perception physiology, Down Syndrome psychology, Memory physiology
- Abstract
This study aimed at investigating implicit and explicit long-term memory functioning in subjects with Down syndrome (DS) compared to Mental-Age (MA) matched normal children. For this purpose, tests of verbal and visuo-perceptual explicit memory, verbal and visual repetition priming and procedural learning tasks were administered to 14 DS and 20 MA subjects. Our results document comparable implicit memory abilities in the two groups. In contrast, regarding explicit memory, normal children performed better than DS individuals. These results reveal a functional dissociation between implicit and explicit memory in subjects with DS. Theoretical and rehabilitative implications are discussed.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Word-list learning in normally developing children: effects of semantic organization and retention interval.
- Author
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Vicari S, Pasqualetti P, Marotta L, and Carlesimo GA
- Subjects
- Aging psychology, Child, Child, Preschool, Cluster Analysis, Cues, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Recall physiology, Semantics, Memory physiology, Verbal Learning physiology
- Abstract
Immediate and 15-min delayed recall of semantically related or unrelated word lists was investigated in 144 normally developing children ranging from 5 to 10 years of age. Immediate recall for the related and unrelated lists increased in a parallel fashion as a function of age. The ability to cluster semantically related items during immediate recall also improved with age. However, in no age class recall scores and clustering indexes were significantly associated. Forgetting rate passing from the last immediate to the delayed recall trial increased for the unrelated list but decreased for the related list of words as a function of age. Results of regression analyses revealed that a developmental increase in forgetting on the unrelated list was actually due to the higher number of words recalled in the last immediate trial by older children. As for the related list, instead, the larger reliance on the clustering strategy of recall by older children was responsible for the progressive reduction of forgetting.
- Published
- 1999
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10. Associative visual agnosia resulting from a disconnection between intact visual memory and semantic systems.
- Author
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Carlesimo GA, Casadio P, Sabbadini M, and Caltagirone C
- Subjects
- Aged, Agnosia diagnosis, Amnesia physiopathology, Anomia physiopathology, Cerebral Infarction physiopathology, Dyslexia, Acquired physiopathology, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Pattern Recognition, Visual physiology, Photic Stimulation, Space Perception physiology, Agnosia etiology, Memory physiology, Semantics, Visual Perception physiology
- Abstract
We report the case of a patient (RC) who developed a severe visual agnosia, associated to alexia without agraphia, color anomia and amnesia, following an ischemic stroke in the territory supplied by the left posterior cerebral artery. Based on his proficient performance on tests evaluating analysis of elementary visual features, formation of viewer-centered and object-centered representations of visual stimuli and discrimination between drawings representing real and unreal objects, we concluded that the critical locus of deficit was a disconnection between the normally functioning visual memory store and the semantic system. RC's disturbance in visual processing of human faces paralleled his recognition disorder of other classes of objects. The possible contribution of neurobiological factors in determining RC's agnosic deficit is discussed.
- Published
- 1998
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11. Word-list forgetting in young and elderly subjects: evidence for age-related decline in transferring information from transitory to permanent memory condition.
- Author
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Carlesimo GA, Sabbadini M, Fadda L, and Caltagirone C
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Humans, Neuropsychological Tests, Aging psychology, Language, Memory physiology
- Abstract
This study aimed at investigating different memory components involved in word list forgetting by young and elderly healthy individuals. For this purpose, we analyzed in 55 young (age range 20-35) and 50 aged (age range 60-80) healthy subjects the memory decay passing from the fifth immediate to the delayed recall trial of the Rey's Auditory Learning task as a function of the position of the words in the list. Young and elderly groups displayed the same forgetting rate for words recalled from the primacy and mid-list tracts of the serial position curve. However, memory loss for the recency positions was disproportionately larger in the elderly than in the young group. These data demonstrate that aged subjects rely on short-lived memory processes in immediate recall of terminal list items more extensively than young subjects and, as a consequence, a larger proportion of words become inaccessible to them following a delay.
- Published
- 1997
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12. Forgetting from long-term memory in severe closed-head injury patients: effect of retrieval conditions and semantic organization.
- Author
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Carlesimo GA, Sabbadini M, Loasses A, and Caltagirone C
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Brain Injuries psychology, Conditioning, Psychological physiology, Head Injuries, Closed psychology, Memory physiology, Semantics
- Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating long-term forgetting in chronic survivors of severe closed-head injury (CHI). For this purpose, performance decay passing from a 30-sec- to a 60-min-delay test in four memory procedures (Free Recall of unrelated stimuli, Free Recall of related stimuli. Cued Recall and y/n Recognition) of 20 CHI and 20 normal controls was analyzed. Comparable 30-sec-delay performance in CHI and control patients were obtained by manipulating exposure times to study material during the learning phase. Results demonstrated accelerated forgetting in CHI patients in the Free Recall of the related list only. This finding was particularly evident in CHI patients suffering from a focal temporal lobe lesion. These data are discussed in light of retrieval and encoding deficits characterizing memory disorders in CHI patients.
- Published
- 1997
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13. Long-term memory in mental retardation: evidence for a specific impairment in subjects with Down's syndrome.
- Author
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Carlesimo GA, Marotta L, and Vicari S
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Cues, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Short-Term physiology, Neuropsychological Tests, Pilot Projects, Verbal Learning, Wechsler Scales, Down Syndrome psychology, Intellectual Disability psychology, Memory physiology
- Abstract
This study aimed at investigating long-term memory functioning in Down's syndrome subjects (DS) as compared to individuals with mental retardation of different etiology (MR) and mental-age matched normal children (MA). For this purpose, tests of verbal and visuo-perceptual explicit memory and a verbal repetition priming task were administered to 15 DS, 15 MR and 30 MA subjects. Our results document comparable verbal priming in the three groups. As for explicit memory, normal children performed better than MR individuals, and these, in turn, better than DS subjects. Compared to MR subjects, DS subjects were particularly deficient in organizing verbal material according to its categorical structure and in actively retrieving stored information. These results support a view positing heterogeneity of neuropsychological deficits across distinct etiology MR groups.
- Published
- 1997
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14. Perceptual and conceptual components in implicit and explicit stem completion.
- Author
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Carlesimo GA, Marfia GA, Loasses A, and Caltagirone C
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Amnesia etiology, Craniocerebral Trauma complications, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Perception, Amnesia psychology, Memory
- Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating functional and neuropsychological dissociations between repetition priming and explicit memory tasks. The explicit and implicit versions of the stem completion task were administered to a group of amnesics and a group of control subjects. In Experiment 1 both the explicit and implicit stem completions were significantly higher when the same presentation modality was used for studying and testing than when a change in modality from studying to testing occurred. Amnesics had normal implicit and deficient explicit completion performance. Experiment 2 revealed an advantage of the semantic over the phonological condition only in the explicit task and only in control subjects. Amnesic patients completed the same percentage of words as normal subjects in the phonological and semantic conditions of the implicit task and in the phonological condition of the explicit task but were deficient in intentionally completing semantically processed words. Possible interpretations of these results are discussed according to theoretical models that distinguish memory tasks along an explicit-implicit dichotomy (multiple memory system theory) or along a perceptual-conceptual dichotomy (transfer-appropriate procedures approach), and alternative theoretical positions are evaluated regarding repetition priming and memory deficits in amnesic patients.
- Published
- 1996
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15. Recency effect in anterograde amnesia: evidence for distinct memory stores underlying enhanced retrieval of terminal items in immediate and delayed recall paradigms.
- Author
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Carlesimo GA, Marfia GA, Loasses A, and Caltagirone C
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Short-Term physiology, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Time Factors, Amnesia psychology, Memory physiology, Mental Recall physiology
- Abstract
This study was devised to investigate immediate and delayed recency effects in anterograde amnesic patients. For this purpose, a word-list immediate recall paradigm and a modified version of the procedure devised by Baddeley and Hitch [Attention and Performance, Erlbaum, NJ, 1977] for eliciting the recency effect in delayed recall conditions was administered to a sample of amnesic patients and to a group of age-matched healthy subjects. Amnesics disclosed a fully normal recency effect in the immediate recall paradigm and a deficient recency effect in the delayed recall condition. These data, taken together with experimental evidence from a patient affected by a pure form of phonological short-term memory impairment [35], draw a double neuropsychological dissociation suggesting a differential origin for the two kinds of recency effects: a short-term memory output underlying enhanced recall of terminal items in immediate recall paradigms, and an ordinal retrieval strategy applied to long-term memory stored units at the root of the delayed recency effect.
- Published
- 1996
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16. Implicit memory in parkinsonian patients: evidence for deficient skill learning.
- Author
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Roncacci S, Troisi E, Carlesimo GA, Nocentini U, and Caltagirone C
- Subjects
- Aged, Case-Control Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Memory physiology, Parkinson Disease psychology, Psychomotor Performance, Visual Perception physiology
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate procedural learning in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. For this purpose, 18 nondemented PD patients and 20 age-matched healthy subjects were trained to learn a visuoperceptual skill (mirror reading) and a cognitive skill with a motor demand (puzzle assembly task). In 3-day sessions, the patients were requested to perform with repeated and unrepeated stimuli, in order to distinguish between pure procedural learning and skill learning at least partially supported by explicit memory retrieval. In the mirror reading task, the PD patients showed normal improvement in reading times for repeated words but no improvement at all for unrepeated stimuli. In the puzzle assembly task, PD patients did not show any significant learning either for repeated or unrepeated stimuli. These results, which document deficient learning of procedures in parkinsonians, are discussed in the light of conflicting data reported regarding implicit memory in PD.
- Published
- 1996
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17. Forgetting from long-term memory in dementia and pure amnesia: role of task, delay of assessment and aetiology of cerebral damage.
- Author
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Carlesimo GA, Sabbadini M, Fadda L, and Caltagirone C
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Cognition, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Alzheimer Disease psychology, Amnesia psychology, Brain Damage, Chronic etiology, Dementia psychology, Memory
- Abstract
This study investigated the hypothesis that memory disordered patients suffer of an exalted forgetting rate from long-term memory within the first few minutes following acquisition. For this purpose, we administered to groups of Alzheimer's (AD), Multi-infarct demented (MID), pure amnesic and age-matched normal controls a test involving immediate and 15-min delayed word-list recall and a modified version of the Huppert and Piercy's procedure (1978) assessing yes/no Recognition for pictures at 90 sec, 10 min, 1 hr and 24 hr delay intervals. Results showed an abnormal immediate/delayed performance decline for the word-list recall in AD and pure amnesic patients. In the same period, however, their Recognition score in the Huppert and Piercy's procedure decayed at normal rate. In the following intervals (1 hr and 24 hr), both groups disclosed abnormal forgetting slopes. Vascular demented patients, by contrast, disclosed fully normal forgetting rates both on the word-list recall and on the Huppert and Piercy's procedure. These findings are discussed in the light of cognitive mechanisms and neuroanatomical structures presumably underlying memory consolidation.
- Published
- 1995
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18. Implicit Memory Is Independent from IQ and Age but Not from Etiology: Evidence from Down and Williams Syndromes
- Author
-
Vicari, S., Verucci, L., and Carlesimo, G. A.
- Abstract
Background: In the last few years, experimental data have been reported on differences in implicit memory processes of genetically distinct groups of individuals with Intellectual Disability (ID). These evidences are relevant for the more general debate on supposed asynchrony of cognitive maturation in children with abnormal brain development. This study, comparing implicit memory processes in individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) and Down syndrome (DS), was planned to verify the "etiological specificity" hypotheses pertaining to the skill learning abilities of individuals with ID. Method: A modified version of Nissen and Bullemer's (1987) Serial Reaction Time (SRT) task was used. The performances of three group were evaluated. The first group consisted of thirty-two people with WS (18 males and 14 females). The second group was comprised of twenty-six individuals with DS (14 males and 12 females). The two groups of individuals with ID were selected so that the groups were comparable as for mental age and chronological age. The third group consisted of forty-nine typically developed children with a mental age similar to that of the groups with WS and DS. Results: The two groups of individuals with ID demonstrated different patterns of procedural learning. WS individuals revealed poor implicit learning of the temporal sequence of events characterizing the ordered blocks in the SRT task. Indeed, differently from normal controls, WS participants showed no reaction time (RT) speeding through ordered blocks. Most importantly, the rebound effect, which so dramatically affected normal children's RTs passing from the last ordered to the last block, had only a marginal influence on WS children's RTs. Differently from the WS group, the rate of procedural learning of the participants with DS was comparable to that of their controls. Indeed, DS and typically developed individuals showed parallel RT variations in the series of ordered blocks and, more importantly, passing from the last ordered to the last block. Therefore, a substantial preservation of skill learning abilities in this genetic syndrome is confirmed. Conclusions: The results of the present study document that procedural learning in individuals with ID depends on the aetiology of the syndrome, thus supporting the etiological specificity account of their cognitive development. These results are relevant for our knowledge about the qualitative aspects and the underlying neurobiological substrate of the anomalous cognitive development in mentally retarded people.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. The temporal lobes and memory
- Author
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Carlesimo, G
- Subjects
Episodic memory ,Memory ,Associative memory ,Parahippocampal gyrus ,Declarative memory ,Semantic memory ,Settore MED/26 ,Hippocampus ,Temporal lobe - Published
- 2022
20. The Regulatory Role of the Human Mediodorsal Thalamus
- Author
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Pergola, G, Danet, L, Pitel, A, Carlesimo, G, Segobin, S, Pariente, J, Suchan, B, Mitchell, A, Barbeau, E, Toulouse Neuro Imaging Center (ToNIC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Neuropsychologie et imagerie de la mémoire humaine (NIMH), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Neurologie vasculaire, pathologie neuro-dégénérative et explorations fonctionnelles du système nerveux [Toulouse], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Centre de recherche cerveau et cognition (CERCO), Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
prefrontal cortex ,neuroimaging ,Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus ,[SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience ,temporal extension ,mediodorsal thalamus ,memory ,persistent activity ,Animals ,Humans ,Memory ,Nerve Net ,Prefrontal Cortex ,Settore MED/26 ,Article ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
The function of the human mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD) has so far eluded a clear definition in terms of specific cognitive processes and tasks. Although it was at first proposed to play a role in long-term memory, a set of recent studies in animals and humans has revealed a more complex, and broader, role in several cognitive functions. The MD seems to play a multifaceted role in higher cognitive functions together with the prefrontal cortex and other cortical and subcortical brain areas. Specifically, we propose that the MD is involved in the regulation of cortical networks especially when the maintenance and temporal extension of persistent activity patterns in the frontal lobe areas are required., Highlights The mediodorsal thalamic nucleus is involved in the cognitive deficits observed in several neurological and psychiatric disorders. The long-standing belief in a role of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus mainly in long-term memory is now being reconsidered. Recent studies emphasize its function in many cognitive tasks related to the prefrontal cortex. The mediodorsal thalamic nucleus is required for the rapid and accurate performance of cognitive tasks and temporally extends the efficiency of cortical networks involving the prefrontal cortex. We propose that the common ground of multiple lines of evidence from human studies points to a role of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus in regulating prefrontal activity patterns. These hypotheses can be tested by developing specific neuropsychological tasks, parceling the thalamus with high-resolution MRI, and using intracranial recordings in humans.
- Published
- 2018
21. Protecting cognition from aging and Alzheimer's disease: a computerized cognitive training combined with reminiscence therapy
- Author
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Barban, F, Annicchiarico, R, Pantelopoulos, S, Federici, A, Perri, R, Fadda, Lm, Carlesimo, G, Ricci, C, Giuli, S, Scalici, F, Turchetta, C, Adriano, F, Lombardi, M, Zaccarelli, C, Cirillo, G, Passuti, S, Mattarelli, P, Lymperopoulou, O, Sakka, P, Ntanasi, E, Moliner, R, Garcia Palacios, A, and Caltagirone, C
- Subjects
Male ,Alzheimer's disease ,aging ,cognitive training ,computerized training ,mild cognitive impairment ,reminiscence therapy ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Executive Function ,Cognition ,Alzheimer Disease ,Memory ,Activities of Daily Living ,Humans ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Cross-Over Studies ,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ,Middle Aged ,Psychotherapy ,Mental Recall ,Settore MED/26 - Neurologia ,Female ,Alzheimer’s disease - Abstract
Objective The aim of this paper was to assess the efficacy of process-based cognitive training (pb-CT) combined with reminiscence therapy (RT) in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (mAD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and in healthy elderly (HE) subjects. Methods This multicenter, randomized, controlled trial involved 348 participants with mAD, MCI, and HE from four European countries. Participants were randomly assigned to two arms of a crossover design: those in arm A underwent 3 months of computerized pb-CT for memory and executive functions combined with RT and 3 months of rest; those in arm B underwent the reverse. The primary outcome was the effect of the training on memory and executive functions performance. The secondary outcome was the effect of the training on functional abilities in mAD assessed with the instrumental activities of daily living. Results We found a significant effect of the training for memory in all three groups on delayed recall of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and for executive functions in HE on the phonological fluency test. MCI and HE participants maintained these effects at follow-up. MCI and mAD participants also showed a significant effect of the training on the Mini-mental state examination scale. Participants with mAD showed more stable instrumental activities of daily living during the training versus the rest period. Conclusions Our results corroborate the positive effect of pb-CT and its maintenance primarily on memory in HE and MCI participants that did not seem to be potentiated by RT. Moreover, our results are very promising for the mAD participants. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Published
- 2014
22. Mini mental Parkinson test: standardization and normative data on an Italian sample
- Author
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Costa, A, Bagoj, E, Monaco, M, Zabberoni, S, De Rosa, S, Papantonio, A, Mundi, C, Caltagirone, C, and Carlesimo, G
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Mental Status Schedule ,Concept Formation ,Dermatology ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Verbal learning ,Sex Factors ,Memory ,Orientation ,medicine ,Dementia ,Humans ,Attention ,Neuropsychological assessment ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Mini–Mental State Examination ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Neuropsychology ,Age Factors ,Cognition ,Parkinson Disease ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Verbal Learning ,medicine.disease ,Test (assessment) ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Italy ,Physical therapy ,Settore MED/26 - Neurologia ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Psychology ,Cognition Disorders ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
The mini mental Parkinson (MMP) is a test built to overcome the limits of the mini mental state examination (MMSE) in the short-time screening of cognitive disorders in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). In fact, in this scale, items tapping executive functioning are included to better capture PD-related cognitive changes. Some data sustain the sensitivity and validity of the MMP in the short neuropsychological screening of these individuals. Here, we report normative data on the MMP we collected on a sample of 307 Italian healthy subjects ranging from 40 to 91 years. The results document a detrimental effect of age and an ameliorative effect of education on the MMP total performance score. We provide for correction grids for age and literacy that derive from results of the regression analyses. Moreover, we also computed equivalent scores in order to allow a direct and fast comparison between the performance on the MMP and on other psychometric measures that can be administered to the subjects.
- Published
- 2012
23. Verbal working memory deficit in Parkinson's disease subjects
- Author
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Graceffa, A, Carlesimo, G, Peppe, A, and Caltagirone, C
- Subjects
Adult ,Memory Disorders ,Verbal Learning ,Memory ,Parkinson Disease ,Aged, 80 and over ,Humans ,Vocabulary ,Task Performance and Analysis ,Aged ,Middle Aged ,Attention ,80 and over ,Settore MED/26 - Neurologia - Published
- 1999
24. Episodic memory impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease is correlated with entorhinal cortex atrophy.
- Author
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Di Paola, M., Macaluso, E., Carlesimo, G., Tomaiuolo, F., Worsley, K. J., Fadda, L., and Caltagirone, C.
- Subjects
MEMORY ,DISABILITIES ,MENTAL discipline ,ALZHEIMER'S disease ,MUSCULAR atrophy ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the pattern of cortical atrophy and the relationships between memory performances and the brain regions in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was applied to the MRI brain images of 18 probable AD and 18 healthy subjects (HS). Patients performed verbal and visuo-spatial episodic and shortterm memory tests. Contrasting of AD group with HS, and anatomobehavioural correlations were carried out in order to identify regional atrophic changes and neuro-cognitive aspects in AD group. We found evidence of gray matter (GM) volume reduction in AD in the medial temporal, parietal and frontal areas bilaterally and in the left anterior thalamic nuclei. Performance on the episodic memory delayed recall tests co-varied with GM volume in the left entorhinal cortex. The pattern of cortical atrophy likely reflects the heterogeneous level of dementia severity in our AD group. The anatomical region affected in the left hemisphere indicates a sufferance at multiple levels of the Polysynaptic Hippocampal Pathway, which is involved in declarative memory. Findings on the entorhinal cortex and the delayed memory scores support the role of the entorhinal cortex in episodic memory. Damage to the entorhinal cortex, deafferenting the hippocampus from neocortical inputs, interferes with episodic memory consolidation in AD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Major and minor depression in Parkinson's disease: a neuropsychological investigation.
- Author
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Costa, A., Peppe, A., Carlesimo, G. A., Pasqualetti, P., and Caltagirone, C.
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PARKINSON'S disease ,MENTAL depression ,BECK Depression Inventory ,NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,MEMORY ,COGNITION disorders - Abstract
Previous studies have failed to distinguish the differential contribution of major and minor depression to cognitive impairment in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). This study was aimed at investigating the relationships among major depression (MD), minor depression (MiD) and neuropsychological deficits in PD. Eighty-three patients suffering from PD participated in the study. MD and MiD were diagnosed by means of a structured interview (SCID-I) based on the DSM-IV criteria, and severity of depression was evaluated by the Beck Depression Inventory. For the neuropsychological assessment, we used standardized scales that measure verbal and visual episodic memory, working memory, executive functions, abstract reasoning and visual-spatial and language abilities. MD patients performed worse than PD patients without depression on two long-term verbal episodic memory tasks, on an abstract reasoning task and on three measures of executive functioning. The MiD patients’ performances on the same tests fell between those of the other two groups of PD patients but did not show significant differences. Our results indicate that MD in PD is associated with a qualitatively specific neuropsychological profile that may be related to an alteration of prefrontal and limbic cortical areas. Moreover, the same data suggest that in these patients MiD and MD may represent a gradual continuum associated with increasing cognitive deficits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Clinical predictors and neuropsychological outcome in severe traumatic brain injury patients.
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Formisano, R., Carlesimo, G. A., Sabbadini, M., Loasses, A., Penta, F., Vinicola, V., and Caltagirone, C.
- Subjects
- *
BRAIN injuries , *CLINICAL neuropsychology , *COGNITIVE ability , *MEMORY , *NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests , *COMA - Abstract
Background. The aim of the study was to evaluate the possible significant role of some clinical factors in predicting cognitive outcome in a group of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) lower than 8 and duration of unconsciousness for at least 15 days (prolonged coma).Method. A consecutive sample of 25 survivors of severe TBI attending the Physical and Cognitive Rehabilitation program participated in this study. The neuropsychological test battery included: Word-list Learning, Prose recall, Rey Figure Delayed recall, Word fluency, Raven’s Progressive Matrices’ 47. The clinical variables evaluated in correlation with the neuropsychological outcome were the following: age, duration of unconsciousness, duration of post-traumatic amnesia, interval from head trauma to neuropsychological evaluation, interval from head trauma to recovery of oral feeding, and finally interval from head trauma to first verbal communication.Findings. The clinical variable with a significant predictive value on most neuropsychological scores was the interval from head trauma to the recovery of oral feeding.Conclusions. If this result is confirmed in larger samples, time interval of oral feeding recovery from head trauma should be considered as a possible predictor of neuropsychological outcome in TBI patients with prolonged coma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Brain activity during intra- and cross-modal priming: new empirical data and review of the literature
- Author
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Giovanni Augusto Carlesimo, Eraldo Paulesu, Daniela Perani, Patrizia Turriziani, Alessandra Gorini, Carlo Caltagirone, F. Fazio, CARLESIMO GA, TURRIZIANI P, PAULESU E, GORINI A, CALTAGIRONE C, FAZIO F, PERANI D, Carlesimo, G, Turriziani, P, Paulesu, E, Gorini, A, Caltagirone, C, Fazio, F, Perani, D, Carlesimo, G. A., Turriziani, P., Paulesu, E., Gorini, A., Caltagirone, C., Fazio, F., and Perani, DANIELA FELICITA L.
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Adult ,Male ,Empirical data ,genetic structures ,Brain activity and meditation ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Central nervous system ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Memory ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,Tomography ,Cerebral Cortex ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Settore M-PSI/02 - Psicobiologia E Psicologia Fisiologica ,Memoria ,Priming, Stem completion, Memory, PET ,Brain ,Cognition ,Reading ,Auditory Perception ,Photic Stimulation ,Speech Perception ,Cues ,Tomography, Emission-Computed ,Acoustic Stimulation ,Visual Perception ,PET ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cerebral blood flow ,Priming ,Positron emission tomography ,Stem completion ,Settore MED/26 - Neurologia ,Emission-Computed ,Psychology ,Priming (psychology) ,Neuroscience ,psychological phenomena and processes - Abstract
A positron emission tomography (PET) study was conducted to investigate the neurofunctional correlate of auditory within-modality and auditory-to-visual cross-modality stem completion priming. Compared to the auditory-to-auditory priming condition, cross-modality priming was associated with a significantly larger regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) decrease at the boundary between left inferior temporal and fusiform gyri, brain regions previously associated with modality independent lexical retrieval and reading. Instead, within-modality auditory priming was associated with a bilateral pattern of prefrontal rCBF increase. This was likely the expression of more efficient access to output lexical representations and involuntary retrieval of the recent episode during which the just generated word had been encountered.
- Published
- 2004
28. Impaired reproduction of second but not millisecond time intervals in Parkinson's disease
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Alberto Costa, Giacomo Koch, Giovanni Augusto Carlesimo, Livia Brusa, Ilaria Gatto, Emanuele Lo Gerfo, Silvia Salerno, Massimiliano Oliveri, Carlo Caltagirone, Antonella Peppe, Sara Torriero, KOCH G, COSTA A, BRUSA L, PEPPE A, GATTO I, TORRIERO S, GERFO EL, SALERNO S, OLIVERI M, CARLESIMO GA, CALTAGIRONE C, Koch, G, Costa, A, Brusa, L, Peppe, A, Gatto, I, Torriero, S, LO GERFO, E, Salerno, S, Oliveri, M, Carlesimo, G, and Caltagirone, C
- Subjects
Male ,Time perception ,Parkinson's disease ,Basal ganglia ,Dopamine ,Memory ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Audiology ,Behavioral neuroscience ,Antiparkinson Agents ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Cognition ,Attention ,BRAIN ,Tomography ,Depression ,Humans ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,Time Perception ,Aged ,Memory Disorders ,Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ,Parkinson Disease ,Psychomotor Performance ,Middle Aged ,Female ,Reaction Time ,Millisecond ,Psychiatric Status Rating Scale ,TIME ,X-Ray Computed ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Antiparkinson Agent ,Neuropsychological Test ,Settore MED/26 - Neurologia ,Psychology ,Human ,Memory Disorder ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Elementary cognitive task ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Cognitive neuroscience ,NO ,medicine ,Settore M-PSI/02 - Psicobiologia E Psicologia Fisiologica ,Memoria ,Finger tapping ,PARKINSON ,Neuroscience - Abstract
The basal ganglia have been associated with temporal processing in ranges of milliseconds and seconds. However, results from PD patient studies are elusive. Time perception in these patients has been tested with different approaches including repetitive movement tasks (i.e. finger tapping) and cognitive tasks (i.e. time reproduction), and both abnormal and normal performances have been reported for different time intervals. Furthermore, when PD patients were required to learn two target durations in the same session when they were off medication, they overestimated the short duration and underestimated the long duration in the seconds range. This pattern of temporal accuracy was described as a "migration effect" and was interpreted as a dysfunctional representation of memory for time (Malapani, C., Rakitin, B. C., Levy, R., Meck, W. H., Deweer, B., Dubois, B., et al. (1998). Coupled temporal memories in Parkinson's disease: A dopamine-related dysfunction. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 10, 316-331). Here, we controlled the emergence of similar behaviour also during millisecond time processing in PD patients. A time reproduction task was employed in which subjects were required to estimate intervals in millisecond (500 ms) and few second (2000 ms) ranges. In the first experiment, these intervals were tested in the same session to verify whether the migration effect was present also between time intervals in different millisecond and few second ranges. In a second experiment, they were not intermingled but were tested in two separate sessions to verify whether abnormalities depended on a selective perceptual deficit of the time intervals tested (i.e. millisecond or second ranges). All experiments were performed in both off and on therapy conditions. Our results demonstrated that PD patients showed no deficits in time estimation for time intervals in either the millisecond or few second range when the different time intervals were tested in separate sessions. This negative finding was obtained in both on and off conditions. However, when the different ranges were tested in the same session, we found that PD patients were impaired selectively for time intervals in the seconds range. Our data seem to indicate that time processing in PD patients for time intervals spanning up to 2 s is unimpaired and that abnormalities in such temporal scale may emerge only when patients have to deal with different durations, when timing involves further cognitive processes such as memory and attention. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2008
29. Keeping memory for intentions: A cTBS investigation of the frontopolar cortex
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Giovanni Augusto Carlesimo, Alberto Costa, Francesco Barban, Giacomo Koch, Silvia Salerno, Emanuele Lo Gerfo, Carlo Caltagirone, Sara Torriero, Massimiliano Oliveri, Costa, A, Oliveri, M, Barban, F, Torriero, S, Salerno, S, LO GERFO, E, Koch, G, Caltagirone, C, Carlesimo, G, Lo Gerfo, E, and Carlesimo, GA
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,CTBS ,tm ,prospective remembering ,Prefrontal Cortex ,Brodmann area 10 ,Intention ,Audiology ,Cognitive neuroscience ,NO ,Young Adult ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Memory ,Prospective memory ,medicine ,Reaction Time ,Humans ,delayed intentions ,Theta Rhythm ,Prefrontal cortex ,Recall ,frontal cortex ,Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ,Female ,Transcranial magnetic stimulation ,prefrontal regions ,transcranial magnetic stimulation ,prefrontal region ,Settore MED/26 - Neurologia ,delayed intention ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Brodmann area ,Human - Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of frontopolar cortex in prospective memory (PM) by means of inhibitory theta-burst stimulation (cTBS). "Experiment 1"-8 volunteers were evaluated after inhibitory cTBS over left Brodmann area (BA) 10, right BA10, and Cz. In the PM procedure, sequences of 4 words each were presented. During the intersequence delay, subjects had to repeat the sequence in the observed order (ongoing task forward) or in the reverse order (backward). At the occurrence of a target word, subjects had to press a key on the keyboard (PM task). Recall and recognition of the target words were also tested. PM accuracy was lower after cTBS over left BA10 compared with Cz (P = 0.012), whereas it was comparable in right BA10 and Cz conditions. No other significant differences between the 3 conditions were found. "Experiment 2"-8 subjects were administered the same experimental PM procedure as above after inhibitory cTBS over left BA46 and Cz. In this case, none of the tested effects were significant. Our findings corroborate the hypothesis that within the prefrontal cortex, the left BA10 is specifically involved in the mediation of processes related to the execution of delayed intentions.
- Published
- 2011
30. When the amnestic mild cognitive impairment disappears: characterisation of the memory profile
- Author
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Perri, R, Carlesimo, Ga, Serra, L, Caltagirone, C, Alberoni, M, Appollonio, I, da Mossa, C, Bonaiuto, S, Bottini, G, Caffarra, P, Carlomagno, S, Carolei, A, Sucapane, P, De Bastiani, P, Di Luca, M, Franceschi, M, Gallucci, M, Gambina, G, Ghidoni, E, Girotti, F, Giubilei, F, Lorusso, S, Marchetti, C, Monastero, R, Mina, C, Padovani, A, Perini, M, Pettenati, C, Piras, Mr, Provinciali, L, Quartarone, Angelo, Graceffa, A, Senin, U, Tognoni, G, Zagnoni, P, Grossi, E, Savarè, R., Perri, R, Carlesimo, G, Serra, L, Caltagirone, C, Alberoni, M, Appollonio, I, da Mossa, C, Bonaiuto, S, Bottini, G, Caffarra, P, Carlomagno, S, Carolei, A, Sucapane, P, De Bastiani, P, Di Luca, M, Franceschi, M, Gallucci, M, Gambina, G, Ghidoni, E, Girotti, F, Giubilei, F, Lorusso, S, Marchetti, C, Monastero, R, Mina, C, Padovani, A, Perini, M, Pettenati, C, Piras, M, Provinciali, L, Quartarone, A, Graceffa, A, Senin, U, Tognoni, G, Zagnoni, P, Grossi, E, Savarè, R, and Perri R, Carlesimo GA, Serra L, Caltagirone C, Monastero R, Early Diagnosis Group of the Italian Interdisciplinary Network on Alzheimer's Disease
- Subjects
Male ,memoria ,neuropsychology ,Audiology ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Alzheimer diseaseMemoryMild cognitive impairmentNeuropsychologyPreclinical dementia ,deterioramento cognitivo lieve ,Long-term memory ,Cognitive disorder ,Neuropsychology ,preclinical dementia ,Cognition ,General Medicine ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Memory, Short-Term ,Disease Progression ,Female ,Settore MED/26 - Neurologia ,medicine.symptom ,Alzheimer's disease ,Psychology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Amnesia ,Humans ,Alzheimer Disease ,Aged ,Mental Recall ,Cognition Disorders ,Memory ,Recognition (Psychology) ,Psychomotor Performance ,Follow-Up Studies ,M-PSI/02 - PSICOBIOLOGIA E PSICOLOGIA FISIOLOGICA ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,mild cognitive impairment ,mental disorders ,Neuropsychologia ,medicine ,Memory disorder ,MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA ,Recognition, Psychology ,medicine.disease ,MCI ,nervous system diseases ,Short-Term ,memory ,Alzheimer disease ,MED/09 - MEDICINA INTERNA ,human activities ,Neuroscience - Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Subjects affected by mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may improve during the observation period. This is the first study investigating qualitative features of memory deficits in subjects affected by reversible MCI [reversible cognitive impairment (RCI)]. METHODS: Baseline cognitive and memory performances of 18 subjects affected by amnestic MCI who had normalized cognitive performances at follow-ups were compared with those of 76 amnestic MCI subjects who still showed impaired cognitive performances at the 24-month follow-up (MCI) and with those of a group of 87 matched control subjects (normal controls). RESULTS: Compared with normal controls the memory deficit in the MCI group affected all aspects of explicit long-term memory functioning; in the RCI group, instead, the memory deficit only affected the free recall of verbal material, particularly when the encoding could be improved by the use of semantic strategies. CONCLUSIONS: These results are consistent with the view that the memory deficit in the MCI group is due to a very early degenerative pathology; in the RCI group, instead, a transitory reduction of processing resources, resulting a poor encoding of incoming material, is likely at the origin of the reversible memory disorder.
- Published
- 2009
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