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Cultural indigenization is important in mental health practice within various cultural contexts. In this paper, the writer describes the teaching experience in developing the reflectivity of social work students in mental health practice. By means of various teaching and learning strategies, students achieve various levels of reflectivity in cultural indigenization. They were: basic reflectivity by knowing the difference between western and Chinese concepts of mental health; consciousness reflectivity by bewaring one’s own cultural orientation in mental health and mental illness; critical reflectivity by reflecting one’s own cultural orientation in mental health practice with clients with mental illness.

English The author's nine years' experience in developing social work students' practical reflectivity in working with clients with mental illness is described in this article. By means of various teaching strategies, students' different levels of reflectivity were developed. Promise and challenges to social work education are also discussed. French Dans cet article, l'auteur décrit son expérience de neuf ans en tant que formateur d'étudiants en travail social dans le développement de leur réflexivité dans le travail auprès de clients souffrant de maladie mentale. Divers niveaux de réflexivité des étudiants ont été développés à l'aide d'une variété de stratégies d'enseignement. Des promesses et des défis pour la formation des travailleurs sociaux sont également élaborés. Spanish El autor describe sus nueve años de experiencia enseñando a los estudiantes de trabajo social a usar la reflexión práctica en el trabajo con clientes con enfermedades mentales. Usando varias estrategias de enseñanza, los estudiantes desarrollaron sus capacidades reflexivas. Se examinan las promesas y las dificultades de la educación para el trabajo social.

This paper is an attempt to describe the vocational rehabilitation services of persons with mental illness in China. It includes work therapy station, mental health services in factories, occupational activities in hospitals, welfare factories, and enterprise based sheltered workshops. Its dilemmas and implications to future development are also mentioned.

Caregiving by relatives to a person with mental illness is demanding and overwhelming. This paper describes how to use guided imagery, role-playing, humor, and paradoxical intervention to help the wife of a man with mental illness in easing her worry, anxiety, and frustration engendered by caregiving. The intervention made the wife feel normal and relaxed in facing the "symptoms" of her husband's mental illness. It also revived the wife's patience, hope, and strength in the process of rehabilitation.

Dual diagnosis has gradually become a problem among adolescents in Hong Kong. In working with persons with dual diagnosis, professionals are accustomed to use a disease model in diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. By means of a case illustration, the writer tries to contrast a disease orientation and a strengths perspective in working with persons with dual diagnosis. The disease orientation stresses: addiction and mental illness; intoxication and dependence; symptoms and diagnosis; detoxification and treatment; confusion and control as well as resistance and labeling. The strengths perspective focuses on: decoding frustration and emptiness from addiction; searching for strengths to satisfy normal needs; establishing social support and encouraging participation in a healthy environment; re-anchoring self-confidence and capability development as well as maintaining empathetic trust. In this case, with the strengths perspective, the writer successfully helped an adolescent to re-build his self-confidence and re-establish a healthy social support system to live a normal life.

In Hong Kong, an estimated 232,000 psyin the treatment and rehabilitation of psychiatric patients (Cheung, 1990; Yip, 1991; chiatric inpatients and outpatients were under the care of the mental health serOjanen, 1992; Pearson & Yiu, 1993; Repper & Brooker, 1996). In Hong Kong, an vices in 1990 (Hong Kong Government, 1990, p. 91). To rehabilitate such a large incident involving extreme violence by a psychiatric patient in 1982 stirred up the number of patients, a large amount of high quality community care was necesresidents’ hidden fear of the mentally ill, and it intensified the aversive impact of sary. Unfortunately, community care for these patients was far from satisfactory. Instigmatization (Yip, 1991; Mak, Ho, Chung, & Chou, 1996; Pearson & Yiu, 1993). In stead of receiving care within the community, they were placed in crowded instithis paper, the author will describe this movement in detail and provide a critical tution-like hospitals (1,000+ patients per hospital), psychiatric halfway houses (about analysis of the reasons proposed by the residents for rejecting psychiatric halfway 40 patients per house), and long-stay care homes (about 200 patients per house). Also, houses. The reaction of the government and the mental health service agencies are 6 million people densely populate an area of less than 3,000 square kilometers in depicted. The implications of this movement for social work practice for patients Hong Kong, so most of these psychiatric rehabilitation services are located near with mental illness are suggested. public and private estates. The residents in these estates tend to reject both the patients with mental illness and the psychiatTHE ANTI-PSYCHIATRIC HALFWAY ric rehabilitation services. HOUSE MOVEMENT Stigmatization has long been a problem In 1982, one psychiatric outpatient who did not take his medications, for no apparent reason, stabbed his mother and sister Address for correspondence: Dr. Kam-shing at home in a public estate. He ran out of Yip, Associate Professor, Department of Aphis flat and stabbed three more people on plied Social Studies, Hong Kong Polytechnic the staircase and on the ground floor of University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong. E-mail: ssksyip@polyu.edu.hk. the block of flats. From there, he ran into

Informal community care is crucial in community integration and rehabilitation of people with mental illness. In this paper, the writer describes the development of informal community care in Hong Kong. A self-help group, a relative group, integrative aftercare network, and the use of volunteers will be described and analyzed. However, these informal community care projects are underdeveloped. Participation is limited. Community integration is greatly hindered by public discrimination. The writer also suggests ways to develop the informal community care projects in Hong Kong.