7 results on '"Van Dijk, Teun A."'
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2. Discurso-cognição-sociedade: estado atual e perspectivas da abordagem sociocognitiva do discurso
- Author
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van Dijk, Teun A.
- Subjects
Análise crítica do discurso ,Conhecimento ,Context models ,Modelos contextuais ,Ideologia ,Modelos mentais ,Mental models ,Knowledge ,Atitudes ,Critical discourse analysis ,Attitudes ,Socio-cognitive approach ,Abordagem sociocognitiva ,Ideology - Abstract
This article presents the current state of the art of the socio-cognitive approach in Discourse Studies. The theory relates structures of discourse with social interaction and social structure through a socio-cognitive interface, with the argument that discourse structures and social structures are of a different nature and cannot be related directly. The cognitive theory consists on the one hand, of a personal dimension of personal mental models (i) of the events talked or written about, and (ii) of the communicative situation itself (context models), and on the other hand of a social dimension consisting of socially shared beliefs, knowledge, attitudes and ideologies – which control the personal mental models, and indirectly all discourse. In this way, we are able to explicitly describe how discourses are involved in the reproduction of social problems such as racism or sexism. Moreover, cognitive analysis also describes and explains many aspects of discourse itself, such as all discourse structures based on knowledge (such as local and global semantic coherence, evidentials, etc.), and ideology (such as the polarization of various discourse structures related to Us (ingroup) and Them (outgroup). Este artigo apresenta o estado da arte da abordagem sociocognitiva nos Estudos do Discurso. A teoria relaciona estruturas do discurso com interação social e estrutura social por meio de uma interface sociocognitiva, baseada no argumento de que estruturas discursivas e estruturas sociais diferem quanto à natureza e não podem ser diretamente relacionadas. A teoria cognitiva consiste, por um lado, de uma dimensão pessoal de modelos mentais pessoais (i) dos eventos sobre os quais se fala ou se escreve, e (ii) da própria situação comunicativa (modelos contextuais), e por outro de uma dimensão social que consiste de crenças, conhecimento, atitudes e ideologias socialmente compartilhadas – que controlam os modelos mentais pessoais, e indiretamente todo discurso. Dessa forma, somos capazes de descrever explicitamente como os discursos estão envolvidos na reprodução de problemas sociais como o racismo e o sexismo. Além disso, a análise cognitiva também descreve e explica vários aspectos do próprio discurso, tais como todas as estruturas discursivas baseadas no conhecimento (coerência semântica local e global, evidências etc.) e na ideologia (a polarização de diferentes estruturas discursivas relacionadas a Nós [endogrupo] e Eles [exogrupo]).
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Discurso y manipulación: Discusión teórica y algunas aplicaciones
- Author
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van Dijk, Teun
- Subjects
mind control ,mental models ,control mental ,Manipulación ,Critical Discourse Analysis ,Manipulation ,modelos mentales ,Análisis Crítico del Discurso - Abstract
Manipulación es un concepto que se usa a menudo, pero que rara vez se explicita. Dado que la manipulación es, generalmente, discursiva e implica abuso de poder, debería ser estudiada por los estudios de Análisis Crítico del Discurso (ACD). En este artículo, desde un enfoque interdisciplinario, "triangular", se analizan los aspectos social, cognitivo y discursivo de la manipulación. La dimensión social de la manipulación se examina en términos de abuso de poder por las élites simbólicas que tienen acceso preferencial al discurso público y manipulan grupos de personas a favor de sus propios intereses y en contra del interés de las víctimas. La dimensión cognitiva de la manipulación explica cómo el procesamiento del discurso y la formación de modelos mentales y representaciones sociales son controlados por el discurso manipulativo. Y el análisis discursivo se centra en las propiedades típicas del discurso que se usan al manipular las mentes de los receptores, tales como la presentación positiva de uno mismo y negativa de los otros, en todos los niveles del discurso y en un contexto que presenta las limitaciones típicas de las situaciones manipulativas: hablantes poderosos y receptores que carecen de recursos específicos, es decir, conocimiento para resistir la manipulación Manipulation is a notion often used, but seldom made explicit. Because manipulation is usually discursive, and involves power abuse, it should be studied by Critical Discourse Studies. In this multidisciplinary paper, a multidisciplinary, "triangular" approach examines the social, cognitive and discursive aspects of manipulation. The social dimension manipulation is examined in terms of power abuse by the symbolic elites who have preferential access to public discourse, and manipulate groups of people in their own best interests and against the interests of their victims. The cognitive dimension of manipulation explains how discourse processing, and the formation of mental models and social representations is controlled by manipulated discourse. And the discursive analysis focuses on the typical properties of discourse that are used in manipulating the minds of the recipients, such as positive self-presentation and negative other presentation at all levels of discourse, and within a context that features the typical constraints of manipulative situations: powerful speakers and recipients who lack specific resources, e.g., knowledge, to resist manipulation.
- Published
- 2006
4. Ideologia.
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van Dijk, Teun A.
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- 2015
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5. Knowledge and discourse in secondary school social science textbooks.
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Van Dijk, Teun A. and Atienza, Encarna
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EPISTEMICS , *SOCIAL sciences , *THEORY of knowledge , *DISCOURSE , *IDEOLOGY - Abstract
Within the framework of an interdisciplinary project on epistemic strategies in text and talk, this article examines such strategies in a (Spanish) secondary school textbook on social science. After a summary of current insights into the theory of knowledge in philosophy, psychology and linguistics, it is shown how discourse presupposes and expresses knowledge, with special emphasis on discourse processing and learning from text and its applications in education. The specific aim of this article is to study in some detail how exactly ‘new’ knowledge is formulated in pedagogical discourse, and how ‘old’ knowledge (generic knowledge of the world, knowledge learned before, etc.) is presupposed in a lesson on migration. We thus are able to describe the categories of, and the functional relations between, old and new knowledge, as discursive manifestations of underlying cognitive strategies of teaching and learning. It was also observed that in textbooks what is purported to be presented as knowledge often has an ideological basis. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2011
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6. Critical discourse analysis and nominalization: problem or pseudo-problem?
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Van Dijk, Teun A.
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CRITICAL discourse analysis , *NOMINALISM , *DISCURSIVE psychology , *PSYCHOLOGY , *DISCOURSE analysis , *COGNITIVE ability - Abstract
This reply to Billig's article emphasizes that, as for all discourse, one should not only analyse texts, but also their contexts. The issue is not the primary use or abuse of nominalization or any other feature of discourse in CDA, but the study of the systematic abuse of discursive power by hiding the negative role of elite actors and the consequences of such discourse properties on the mental models of the recipients. CDA scholars do not study nominalizations in isolation, but within the text and context of the discourses studied critically. Of course they know that nominalizations have many other functions beyond these forms of obfuscation. If CDA itself uses nominalizations in its analytical discourse it does so like any scientific discourse. Because in this case there is no question of hiding the negative role of powerful actors, Billig's criticism is pointless, and creates a pseudo-problem. Finally a psychological basis for the description of nominalization is supplied, as Billig expects, but such an explanation cannot be provided by discursive psychology (DP), contrary to what Billig suggests, because DP explicitly rejects such cognitive analyses of language use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2008
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7. Discourse and manipulation.
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Van Dijk, Teun A.
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DISCOURSE analysis , *MANIPULATIVE behavior , *SPEECHES, addresses, etc. , *DISCOURSE theory (Communication) , *PERSUASION (Psychology) , *MENTAL models theory (Communication) , *COMMUNICATION methodology , *IRAQ War, 2003-2011 , *BRAINWASHING - Abstract
'Manipulation' is one of the crucial notions of Critical Discourse Analysis that require further theoretical analysis. This article offers a triangulated approach to manipulation as a form of social power abuse, Cognitive mind control and discursive interaction. Socially, manipulation is defined as illegitimate domination confirming social inequality. Cognitively, manipulation as mind control involves the interference with processes of understanding, the formation of biased mental models and social representations such as knowledge and ideologies. Discursively, manipulation generally involves the usual forms and formats of ideological discourse, such as emphasizing Our good things, and emphasizing Their bad things. At all these levels of analysis it is shown how manipulation is different from legitimate mind control, such as in persuasion and providing information, for instance by stipulating that manipulation is in the best interest of the dominated group and against the best interests of dominated groups. Finally, this theory is illustrated by a partial analysis of a speech by Tony Blair in the House of Commons legitimating the participation of the UK in the US-led war against Iraq in 2003. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2006
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