Descriptor: "MESH: Brain Mapping" / Topic: mesh: male - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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176 results on '"MESH: Brain Mapping"'

1. The impact of early musical training on striatal functional connectivity

Author: Eckart Altenmüller, Bahram Mohammadi, F. T. van Vugt, Karl Hartmann, Daniel S. Margulies, Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians’ Medicine, Emmichplatz 1, 30175 Hannover, Germany, CNS-LAB, International Neuroscience Institute (INI), Rudolf-Pichlmayr-Str., 4, 30625 Hannover, Germany, and CNRS UMR 8002, Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, University of Paris, Paris, France
Subjects: Male, Musical, MESH: Corpus Striatum, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Functional connectivity, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Neuronal Plasticity, MESH: Brain Mapping, Brain Mapping, MESH: Music, Neuronal Plasticity, 05 social sciences, Age Factors, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neurology, MESH: Young Adult, Female, Psychology, Cognitive psychology, RC321-571, Adult, Musical training, Cognitive Neuroscience, education, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Sensorimotor learning, Training (civil), 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Sensitive periods, Neuroplasticity, Humans, Learning, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, MESH: Age Factors, MESH: Humans, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, MESH: Adult, Corpus Striatum, MESH: Male, MESH: Nerve Net, MESH: Learning, Nerve Net, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Music
Abstract: International audience; Evidence from language, visual and sensorimotor learning suggests that training early in life is more effective. The present work explores the hypothesis that learning during sensitive periods involves distinct brain networks in addition to those involved when learning later in life. Expert pianists were tested who started their musical training early (
Published: 2021
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2. Disrupting self-evaluative processing with electrostimulation mapping during awake brain surgery

Author: Anne-Laure Lemaitre, Hugues Duffau, Sylvie Moritz-Gasser, Sam Ng, Guillaume Herbet, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier (INM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Psychologie : Interactions, Temps, Emotions, Cognition (PSITEC) - ULR 4072 (PSITEC), and Université de Lille
Subjects: Male, Self-Assessment, Neurosurgical Procedures, Task (project management), MESH: Glioma, 0302 clinical medicine, Neural Pathways, Medicine, Awake surgery, MESH: Brain Mapping, Brain Mapping, MESH: Middle Aged, Multidisciplinary, Brain Neoplasms, 05 social sciences, MESH: Electric Stimulation, Cognition, MESH: Follow-Up Studies, Glioma, Middle Aged, Prognosis, MESH: Diagnostic Self Evaluation, MESH: Young Adult, Surgical oncology, MESH: Brain Neoplasms, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Female, Tractography, Adult, Elementary cognitive task, medicine.medical_specialty, Dissociation (neuropsychology), Science, Brain tumor, MESH: Self-Assessment, Neural circuits, MESH: Prognosis, 050105 experimental psychology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Diagnostic Self Evaluation, Young Adult, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Wakefulness, Retrospective Studies, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Neural Pathways, MESH: Adult, MESH: Neurosurgical Procedures, MESH: Retrospective Studies, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, Electric Stimulation, MESH: Wakefulness, Tumor removal, business, MESH: Female, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Brain awake surgery with cognitive monitoring for tumor removal has become a standard of treatment for functional purpose. Yet, little attention has been given to patients’ interpretation and awareness of their own responses to selected cognitive tasks during direct electrostimulation (DES). We aim to report disruptions of self-evaluative processing evoked by DES during awake surgery. We further investigate cortico-subcortical structures involved in self-assessment process and report the use of an intraoperative self-assessment tool, the self-confidence index (SCI). Seventy-two patients who had undergone awake brain tumor resections were selected. Inclusion criteria were the occurrence of a DES-induced disruption of an ongoing task followed by patient’s failure to remember or criticize these impairments, or a dissociation between patient’s responses to an ongoing task and patient’s SCI. Disruptions of self-evaluation were frequently associated with semantic disorders and critical sites were mostly found along the left/right ventral semantic streams. Disconnectome analyses generated from a tractography-based atlas confirmed the high probability of the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus to be transitory ‘disconnected’. These findings suggest that white matters pathways belonging to the ventral semantic stream may be critically involved in human self-evaluative processing. Finally, the authors discuss the implementation of the SCI task during multimodal intraoperative monitoring.
Published: 2021
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3. Genetic and Environmental Influences on the Visual Word Form and Fusiform Face Areas

Author: Stanislas Dehaene, Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz, Fabien Fauchereau, Thomas Bourgeron, Eric Artiges, Cyril Poupon, Denis Le Bihan, Philippe Pinel, Christophe Lalanne, Neuroimagerie cognitive - Psychologie cognitive expérimentale (UNICOG-U992), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Chaire Psychologie cognitive expérimentale, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Recherche Clinique ville-hôpital, Méthodologies et Société (REMES), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Trouble du comportement alimentaire de l'adolescent, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Gènes, Synapses et Cognition (CNRS - UMR3571 ), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fondation FondaMental [Créteil], Génétique humaine et fonctions cognitives - Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions (GHFC (UMR_3571 / U-Pasteur_1)), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Neuroimagerie en psychiatrie (U1000), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), This work was supported by Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) and the James S. McDonnell Foundation., Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Collège de France - Chaire Psychologie cognitive expérimentale, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Neuroimagerie cognitive ( UNICOG-U992 ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ), Collège de France ( CDF ), Collège de France ( CdF ), Recherche Clinique ville-hôpital, Méthodologies et Société ( REMES ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ), Gènes, Synapses et Cognition, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Génétique humaine et Fonctions cognitives - Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Service NEUROSPIN ( NEUROSPIN ), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) ( DRF (CEA) ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Neuroimagerie en psychiatrie ( U1000 ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Neuroimagerie cognitive (UNICOG-U992), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Collège de France (CDF), Collège de France (CdF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)
Subjects: Male, MESH : Oxygen, MESH : Brain Mapping, [ SDV.MHEP.PSM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Statistics as Topic, MESH : Statistics as Topic, temporal, MESH : Photic Stimulation, Functional Laterality, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 0302 clinical medicine, Face perception, Stress (linguistics), Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Twins, Dizygotic, Visual word form area, 10. No inequality, MESH: Brain Mapping, Language, Brain Mapping, medicine.diagnostic_test, 05 social sciences, MESH: Gene-Environment Interaction, MESH : Adult, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Temporal Lobe, MESH : Twins, Monozygotic, MESH: Photic Stimulation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, MESH: Young Adult, MESH: Language, Visual Perception, [ SCCO ] Cognitive science, MESH: Twins, Monozygotic, Psychology, MESH : Visual Perception, MESH : Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Oxygen, VWFA, Cognitive psychology, Adult, MESH : Twins, Dizygotic, MESH : Male, Cognitive Neuroscience, MESH : Young Adult, MESH: Pattern Recognition, Visual, 050105 experimental psychology, Lateralization of brain function, Temporal lobe, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, MESH : Language, reading, MESH : Magnetic Resonance Imaging, [ SDV.MHEP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, medicine, Humans, MESH: Temporal Lobe, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, MESH: Functional Laterality, MESH : Functional Laterality, MESH : Pattern Recognition, Visual, MESH : Temporal Lobe, MESH: Statistics as Topic, MESH: Humans, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Visual Perception, MESH: Twins, Dizygotic, MESH : Humans, MESH: Adult, Twins, Monozygotic, Fusiform face area, MESH: Male, MESH : Gene-Environment Interaction, Oxygen, [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, Gene-Environment Interaction, genetic, FFA, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Photic Stimulation, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Spoken language
Abstract: International audience; Two areas of the occipitotemporal cortex show a remarkable hemispheric lateralization: written words activate the visual word form area (VWFA) in the left fusiform gyrus and faces activate a symmetrical site in the right hemisphere, the fusiform face area (FFA). While the lateralization of the VWFA fits with the leftward asymmetry of the speech processing network, origin of the rightward asymmetry for faces is still unclear. Using fMRI data from 64 subjects (including 16 monozygotic (MZ) and 13 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs), we investigated how activations evoked by written words, faces, and spoken language are co-lateralized in the temporal lobe, and whether this organization reflects genetic factors or individual reading expertise. We found that the lateralization of the left superior temporal activation for spoken language correlates with the lateralization of occipitotemporal activations for both written words and faces. Behavioral reading scores also modulate the responses to words and faces. Estimation of genetic and environmental contributions shows that activations of the VWFA, the occipital face area, and the temporal speech areas are partially under genetic control whereas activation of the FFA is primarily influenced by individual experience. Our results stress the importance of both genetic factors and acquired expertise in the occipitotemporal organization.
Published: 2014
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4. Dynamic Causal Modeling of Spatiotemporal Integration of Phonological and Semantic Processes: An Electroencephalographic Study

Author: Monica Baciu, Marcela Perrone-Bertolotti, Gaëtan Yvert, Olivier David, INSERM U836, équipe 11, Fonctions cérébrales et neuromodulation, Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition (LPNC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Clinique de Neuroradiologie et Unité IRM, CHU Grenoble-CHU Grenoble, and Région Rhône-Alpes
Subjects: Male, Electroencephalography, Brain mapping, MESH: Semantics, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Temporal dynamics of music and language, Semantic memory, Evoked Potentials, MESH: Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Brain Mapping, medicine.diagnostic_test, General Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Semantics, MESH: Nonlinear Dynamics, MESH: Evoked Potentials, MESH: Photic Stimulation, medicine.anatomical_structure, MESH: Young Adult, Cerebral cortex, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Psychology, Cognitive psychology, Adult, MESH: Phonetics, Models, Neurological, Inferior frontal gyrus, Article, 050105 experimental psychology, Temporal lobe, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Phonetics, MESH: Models, Neurological, MESH: Electroencephalography, Reaction Time, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, MESH: Humans, MESH: Adult, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, MESH: Male, MESH: Reaction Time, Nonlinear Dynamics, MESH: Female, Neuroscience, Photic Stimulation, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Integration of phonological and lexicosemantic processes is essential for visual word recognition. Here we used dynamic causal modeling of event-related potentials, combined with group source reconstruction, to estimate how those processes translate into context-dependent modulation of effective connectivity within the temporal-frontal language network. Fifteen healthy human subjects performed a phoneme detection task in pseudo-words and a semantic categorization task in words. Cortical current densities revealed the sequential activation of temporal regions, from the occipital-temporal junction toward the anterior temporal lobe, before reaching the inferior frontal gyrus. A difference of activation between phonology and semantics was identified in the anterior temporal lobe within the 240-300 ms peristimulus time window. Dynamic causal modeling indicated this increase of activation of the anterior temporal lobe in the semantic condition as a consequence of an increase of forward connectivity from the posterior inferior temporal lobe to the anterior temporal lobe. In addition, fast activation of the inferior frontal region, which allowed a feedback control of frontal regions on the superior temporal and posterior inferior temporal cortices, was found to be likely. Our results precisely describe spatiotemporal network mechanisms occurring during integration of phonological and semantic processes. In particular, they support the hypothesis of multiple pathways within the temporal lobe for language processing, where frontal regions would exert a top-down control on temporal regions in the recruitment of the anterior temporal lobe for semantic processing.
Published: 2012
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5. MRI atlas of the human hypothalamus

Author: Didier Dewailly, Serge Blond, Eglantine Balland, Vincent Prevot, Pierre Besson, Patrice Jissendi, Jean Paul Francke, J.-P. Pruvo, Marc Baroncini, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer - U1172 Inserm - U837 (JPArc), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-Université de Lille, Service de neurochirurgie, Hôpital Roger Salengro [Lille]-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Service de neuroradiologie [Lille], Hôpital Roger Salengro [Lille]-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Laboratoire d'anatomie, Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Service d'endocrinologie, gynécologie et médecine de la reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer - U837 (JPArc), Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, and Prevot, Vincent
Subjects: Male, human hypothalamus, anatomy, Cognitive Neuroscience, Hypothalamus, MESH: Atlases as Topic, Anterior commissure, Biology, Brain mapping, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, coronal plane, White matter, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Atlases as Topic, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Anatomy, Artistic, MESH: Brain Mapping, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, Brain Mapping, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Humans, medicine.diagnostic_test, Fornix, Magnetic resonance imaging, Anatomy, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Hypothalamus, MESH: Anatomy, Artistic, MESH: Male, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, Neurology, MESH: Young Adult, Coronal plane, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH: Female, Neuroscience, Nucleus, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, MRI
Abstract: International audience; Gaining new insights into the anatomy of the human hypothalamus is crucial for the development of new treatment strategies involving functional stereotactic neurosurgery. Here, using anatomical comparisons between histology and magnetic resonance images of the human hypothalamus in the coronal plane, we show that discrete gray and white hypothalamic structures are consistently identifiable by MRI. Macroscopic and microscopic images were used to precisely annotate the MRI sequences realized in the coronal plane in twenty healthy volunteers. MRI was performed on a 1.5 T scanner, using a protocol including T1-weighted 3D fast field echo, T1-weighted inversion-recovery, turbo spin echo and T2-weighted 2D fast field echo imaging. For each gray matter structure as well as for white matter bundles, the different MRI sequences were analyzed in comparison to each other. The anterior commissure and the fornix were often identifiable, while the mammillothalamic tract was more difficult to spot. Qualitative analyses showed that MRI could also highlight finer structures such as the paraventricular nucleus, the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus and the infundibular (arcuate) nucleus, brain nuclei that play key roles in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. The posterior hypothalamic area, a target for deep brain stimulation in the treatment of cluster headaches, was readily identified, as was the lateral hypothalamic area, which similar to the aforementioned hypothalamic nuclei, could be a putative target for deep brain stimulation in the treatment of obesity. Finally, each of the identified structures was mapped to Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space.
Published: 2012
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6. Longitudinal brain metabolic changes from amnestic mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease

Author: Marine Fouquet, Fausto Viader, Francis Eustache, Brigitte Landeau, Florence Mézenge, Gaël Chételat, Jean-Claude Baron, V. de la Sayette, Edouard Duchesnay, B. Desgranges, Neuropsychologie cognitive et neuroanatomie fonctionnelles de la mémoire humaine, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie Assistée par Ordinateur (LNAO), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage (CeRCA), Université de Poitiers-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Clinical Neurosciences [Cambridge], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Université de Poitiers, Eustache, Francis, and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: Male, Cingulate cortex, Precuneus, Disease, Neuropsychological Tests, Audiology, Brain mapping, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Cognitive decline, Cognitive impairment, 10. No inequality, Prefrontal cortex, MESH: Brain Mapping, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, Brain Mapping, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, longitudinal study, Brain, MESH: Neuropsychological Tests, MESH: Follow-Up Studies, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Positron-Emission Tomography, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Disease Progression, Cardiology, Female, MESH: Disease Progression, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Alzheimer's disease, MESH: Amnesia, Psychology, medicine.medical_specialty, Cognitive Neuroscience, Uncinate fasciculus, Article, MESH: Brain, 03 medical and health sciences, Alzheimer Disease, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Internal medicine, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, medicine, Humans, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Aged, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, business.industry, amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, MESH: Cognition Disorders, 18FDG-PET monitoring, Positron-Emission Tomography, Posterior cingulate, Amnesia, Neurology (clinical), Cognition Disorders, ventro-medial prefrontal cortex, business, MESH: Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Female, Neuroscience, MESH: Alzheimer Disease, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: International audience; A sensitive marker for monitoring progression of early Alzheimer's disease would help to develop and test new therapeutic strategies. The present study is aimed at investigating brain metabolism changes over time, as a potential monitoring marker, in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment, according to their clinical outcome (converters or non-converters), and in relation to their cognitive decline. Seventeen amnestic mild cognitive impairment patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging and 18FDG-positron emission tomography scans both at inclusion and 18 months later. Baseline and follow-up positron emission tomography data were corrected for partial volume effects and spatially normalized using magnetic resonance imaging data, scaled to the vermis and compared using SPM2. 'PET-PAC' maps reflecting metabolic per cent annual changes were created for correlation analyses with cognitive decline. In the whole sample, the greatest metabolic decrease concerned the posterior cingulate-precuneus area. Converters had significantly greater metabolic decrease than non-converters in two ventro-medial prefrontal areas, the subgenual (BA25) and anterior cingulate (BA24/32). PET-PAC in BA25 and BA24/32 combined allowed complete between-group discrimination. BA25 PET-PAC significantly correlated with both cognitive decline and PET-PAC in the hippocampal region and temporal pole, while BA24/32 PET-PAC correlated with posterior cingulate PET-PAC. Finally, the metabolic change in BA8/9/10 was inversely related to that in BA25 and showed relative increase with cognitive decline, suggesting that compensatory processes may occur in this dorso-medial prefrontal region. The observed ventro-medial prefrontal disruption is likely to reflect disconnection from the hippocampus, both indirectly through the cingulum bundle and posterior cingulate cortex for BA24/32, and directly through the uncinate fasciculus for BA25. Altogether, our findings emphasize the potential of 18FDG-positron emission tomography for monitoring early Alzheimer's disease progression.
Published: 2009
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7. Emergent Properties of Tactile Scenes Selectively Activate Barrel Cortex Neurons

Author: Valérie Ego-Stengel, Julie Le Cam, Vincent Jacob, Daniel E. Shulz, Unité de neurosciences intégratives et computationnelles (UNIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard (INAF)
Subjects: Male, animal structures, MESH: Rats, Neuroscience(all), MESH: Neurons, Action Potentials, Sensory system, Stimulus (physiology), Somatosensory system, Brain mapping, MESH: Somatosensory Cortex, Tactile stimuli, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical Stimulation, Animals, Contextual information, MESH: Animals, MESH: Physical Stimulation, Rats, Wistar, MESH: Action Potentials, MESH: Brain Mapping, 030304 developmental biology, Neurons, Brain Mapping, 0303 health sciences, Models, Statistical, General Neuroscience, MESH: Vibrissae, Somatosensory Cortex, MESH: Rats, Wistar, MESH: Touch, Barrel cortex, MESH: Male, Rats, Electrophysiology, Touch, Vibrissae, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Psychology, SYSNEURO, Neuroscience, MESH: Models, Statistical, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Rats discriminate objects by scanning their surface with the facial vibrissae, producing spatiotemporally complex sequences of tactile contacts. The way in which the somatosensory cortex responds to these complex multivibrissal stimuli has not been explored. It is unclear yet whether contextual information from across the entire whisker pad influences cortical responses. Here, we delivered tactile stimuli to the rat vibrissae using a new 24 whisker stimulator. We tested sequences of rostrocaudal whisker deflections that generate multivibrissal motion patterns in different directions across the mystacial pad, allowing to disambiguate local from global sensory integration. Unitary electrophysiological recordings from different layers of the barrel cortex showed that a majority of neurons has direction selectivity for the multivibrissal stimulus. The selectivity resulted from nonlinear integration of responses across the mystacial pad. Our results indicate that the system extracts collective properties of a tactile scene.
Published: 2008
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8. Middle short gyrus of the insula implicated in pain processing

Author: Alim-Louis Benabid, Lorella Minotti, Philippe Kahane, Afif Afif, Dominique Hoffmann, Département de neurochirurgie, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble, Neurosciences précliniques, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Dynamique des Reseaux Neuronaux, Département de neurologie, and Deransart, Colin
Subjects: Male, MESH: Pain Measurement, Stereotaxic Techniques, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Gyrus, MESH: Child, Child, MESH: Brain Mapping, Pain Measurement, Cerebral Cortex, Brain Mapping, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Electric Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Middle Aged, Electrodes, Implanted, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, MESH: Epilepsy, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH: Pain, Psychology, Adult, Adolescent, Pain, MESH: Stereotaxic Techniques, Insular cortex, Gyrus Cinguli, Stereoelectroencephalography, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Gyrus Cinguli, MESH: Electroencephalography, Sensation, medicine, Noxious stimulus, Humans, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, MESH: Adult, medicine.disease, Electric Stimulation, MESH: Male, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, nervous system, Stereotaxic technique, MESH: Electrodes, Implanted, Neurology (clinical), MESH: Female, Neuroscience, Insula, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Different lines of evidence have suggested an involvement of the insular cortex in pain processing. Direct electrical stimulation (ES) of the human insular cortex during surgical procedure sometimes induces painful sensations and painful stimuli induce activation of the insular cortex as shown by functional neuroimaging. Invasive evaluation of epileptic patients by deep brain stereotactically implanted electrodes provides an opportunity to analyze responses induced by ES of the insular cortex in awake and fully conscious patients. For this study, we included 25 patients suffering from drug refractory focal epilepsy with at least one electrode stereotactically implanted in the insular cortex using an oblique approach (transfrontal or transparietal). Out of the 83 responses induced by insular ES, eight (9.6%) were reported by five patients as painful sensations. Four were restricted to the cephalic region and four were felt on the ipsilateral or bilateral upper limbs, the shoulders and the trunk (pinprick sensations). The eight stimulation sites were anatomically localized via image fusion between pre-implantation 3D MRI and post-implantation 3D CT scans revealing the electrode contacts. All sites inducing painful sensations were restricted to the upper portion of the middle short gyrus of the insula. The findings of this study suggest that middle short gyrus is involved in the processing of pain-producing stimuli.
Published: 2008
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9. Brain mapping of digestive sensations elicited by cortical electrical stimulations

Author: Philippe Kahane, Agata Mulak, Lorella Minotti, Bruno Bonaz, Dominique Hoffmann, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Département de neurologie, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département de neurochirurgie, Groupe d'Etude du Stress et des Interactions Neuro-Digestives (GESIND), Département d'hépato-gastroentérologie, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-CHU Grenoble, Wrocław Medical University, CHU Grenoble-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Sinniger, Valérie
Subjects: Male, Physiology, Hippocampus, Electroencephalography, Brain mapping, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Child, Cortex (anatomy), Child, MESH: Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, MESH: Middle Aged, medicine.diagnostic_test, Gastroenterology, MESH: Electric Stimulation, Middle Aged, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cerebral cortex, Child, Preschool, brain mapping, Digestion, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Psychology, MESH: Digestion, Adult, brain-gut axis, Adolescent, Sensation, Amygdala, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Electroencephalography, medicine, Humans, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Anterior cingulate cortex, Retrospective Studies, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, digestive sensations, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, MESH: Child, Preschool, MESH: Sensation, MESH: Adult, MESH: Retrospective Studies, intracerebral electrical stimulations, Electric Stimulation, MESH: Male, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, Gastrointestinal Tract, MESH: Gastrointestinal Tract, MESH: Female, Insula, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; The aim of the study was to obtain a comprehensive map of cortical areas from where digestive sensations during intracerebral electrical stimulations (ES) in epileptic patients are elicited. Direct cortical ESs were performed in 339 medically intractable epileptic patients selected to presurgical evaluation using chronically stereotaxically implanted intracerebral electrodes and audio-video-EEG monitoring system. Digestive sensations were electrically induced on 723 different anatomical sites in 172 subjects (51%). According to the exclusion criteria, the final analysis includes 174 relevant stimulations evoked in 87 patients. The reported sensations referred predominantly to the upper part of the digestive tract including the epigastria and area over the periumbilical (n = 83; 48%), retrosternal (n = 17; 10%), pharyngeal (n = 31; 18%) and oral (n = 18; 10%) regions. The temporal pole (BA 38), hippocampus, amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; BA 24/BA 32) were the typical anatomical locations connected with epigastric sensations. Retrosternal sensations were preferentially related to the ACC, while oro-pharyngeal sensations were most related to the suprasylvian opercular cortex and the insula. Cortical ESs are followed by a great variability of induced digestive and associated symptoms corresponding to a widely distributed cortical network of visceral sensation processing, in which the limbic and paralimbic structures play a critical role.
Published: 2008
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10. Phenotype variability in progranulin mutation carriers: a clinical, neuropsychological, imaging and genetic study

Author: Valérie Hahn-Barma, Bruno Dubois, Jean-Charles Lambert, Dominique Campion, Serge Bakchine, Agnès Camuzat, Christine Van Broeckhoven, Serge Belliard, Michèle Puel, Patrice Verpillat, Eric Guedj, Alexis Brice, Fabienne Clot, Marie-Odile Habert, Isabelle Le Ber, Jacqueline Mikol, Pascal Lejeune, Ftd-Mnd, Julie van der Zee, Mustapha Ghanim, Didier Hannequin, Vincent Deramecourt, Christian Meyrignac, Martine Vercelletto, Anne Rovelet-Lecrux, Florence Pasquier, Lucette Lacomblez, Vincent de La Sayette, Neurologie et thérapeutique expérimentale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR70-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Génétique médicale et fonctionnelle du cancer et des maladies neuropsychiatriques, Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de neurologie [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Department of Genetics, University Hospital, Département de neurologie[Lille], Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Service Central de Biophysique et de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Centre des Maladies Cognitives et Comportementales [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Antwerpen, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Neurologie générale et maladies inflammatoires du système nerveux [Toulouse], Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Fédération des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de pharmacologie médicale [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service d′Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques [Lariboisiere], Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Neuroendocrinologie et physiopathologie neuronale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal, Centre Hospitalier Départemental, Laboratoire de Neuropsychologie, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Neurologie [CHU Caen], Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Service de neurologie [Rennes], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Clinique neurologique, Hôpital Laennec, Service de neurologie, Epidémiologie des maladies chroniques : impact des interactions gène environnement sur la santé des populations, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle (LIF), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR14-IFR49-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de médecine nucléaire [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Neuro-anatomie fonctionnelle du comportement et de ses troubles, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR70-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre du Langage et de Neuropsychologie, Service de Génétique Cytogénétique et Embryologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), ANR-06-MRAR-005-01, ANR, Département de neurologie [Lille], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Rennes (UR), French research Network on FTD/FTD-MND, and Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)
Subjects: Male, Pathology, Neuropsychological Tests, MESH: Epidemiologic Methods, MESH: Aphasia, Primary Progressive, Apraxia, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Primary progressive aphasia, Progranulins, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Motor Neuron Disease, Corticobasal degeneration, Age of Onset, MESH: Brain Mapping, MESH: Heterozygote, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, Brain Mapping, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, Parkinsonism, Brain, MESH: Neuropsychological Tests, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Dementia, 3. Good health, Phenotype, Disease Progression, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Female, MESH: Disease Progression, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Psychology, Haploinsufficiency, Frontotemporal dementia, Adult, Heterozygote, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Mutation, MESH: Age of Onset, MESH: Phenotype, MESH: Brain, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, Dementia, Motor Neuron Disease, MESH: Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Aged, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, Lewy body, MESH: Adult, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, MESH: Cognition Disorders, Aphasia, Primary Progressive, Mutation, Neurology (clinical), Cognition Disorders, Epidemiologic Methods, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD), characterized by behavioural and language disorders, is a clinically, genetically and pathologically heterogeneous group of diseases. The most recently identified of the four known genes is GRN, associated with 17q-linked FTD with ubiquitin-immunoreactive inclusions. GRN was analysed in 502 probands with frontal variant FTD (fvFTD), FTD with motoneuron disease (FTD-MND), primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and corticobasal degeneration syndrome (CBDS). We studied the clinical, neuropsychological and brain perfusion characteristics of mutation carriers. Eighteen mutations, seven novel were found in 24 families including 32 symptomatic mutation carriers. No copy number variation was found. The phenotypes associated with GRN mutations vary greatly: 20/32 (63%) carriers had fvFTD, the other (12/32, 37%) had clinical diagnoses of PPA, CBDS, Lewy body dementia or Alzheimer's disease. Parkinsonism developed in 13/32 (41%), visual hallucinations in 8/32 (25%) and motor apraxia in 5/21 (24%). Constructional disorders were present in 10/21 (48%). Episodic memory disorders were frequent (16/18, 89%), consistent with hippocampal amnestic syndrome in 5/18 (28%). Hypoperfusion was observed in the hippocampus, parietal lobe and posterior cingulate gyrus, as well as the frontotemporal cortices. The frequency of mutations according to phenotype was 5.7% (20/352) in fvFTD, 17.9% (19/106) in familial forms, 4.4% in PPA (3/68), 3.3% in CBDS (1/30). Hallucinations, apraxia and amnestic syndrome may help differentiate GRN mutation carriers from others FTD patients. Variable phenotypes and neuropsychological profiles, as well as brain perfusion profiles associated with GRN mutations may reflect different patterns of neurodegeneration. Since all the mutations cause a progranulin haploinsufficiency, additional factors probably explain the variable clinical presentation of the disease.
Published: 2008
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11. Right temporal cerebral dysfunction heralds symptoms of acute mountain sickness

Author: Antoine Depaulis, Berend Feddersen, Soheyl Noachtar, Florian Thanbichler, Pritam Neupane, Robb Waanders, Harald Ausserer, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU)-Klinikum Grosshadern, Dynamique des Reseaux Neuronaux, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Human Development and Community Services, Dept. of Neuropsychology, Landeskrankenhaus Rankweil, Collaboration, and Deransart, Colin
Subjects: Male, MESH: Mountaineering, Neurology, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial, Acclimatization, Hemodynamics, MESH: Respiratory Function Tests, Altitude Sickness, Electroencephalography, MESH: Carbon Dioxide, Functional Laterality, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Brain Mapping, Neuroradiology, MESH: Aged, Brain Mapping, MESH: Statistics, Nonparametric, MESH: Middle Aged, medicine.diagnostic_test, Altitude, MESH: Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial, MESH: Cerebrovascular Circulation, Middle Aged, Effects of high altitude on humans, Temporal Lobe, Respiratory Function Tests, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cerebral blood flow, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Anesthesia, Acute Disease, Middle cerebral artery, MESH: Altitude Sickness, MESH: Acute Disease, Female, MESH: Oxygen, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Central nervous system, MESH: Acclimatization, Statistics, Nonparametric, 03 medical and health sciences, 030225 pediatrics, medicine.artery, MESH: Electroencephalography, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, medicine, Humans, MESH: Temporal Lobe, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, MESH: Functional Laterality, Aged, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Adult, Carbon Dioxide, MESH: Altitude, MESH: Male, Mountaineering, Oxygen, Neurology (clinical), business, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Acute mountain sickness (AMS) can occur during climbs to high altitudes and may seriously disturb the behavioral and intellectual capacities of susceptible subjects. During a Himalayan expedition 32 mountaineers were examined with electroencephalography (EEG) and transcranial doppler sonography (TCD) to assess relative changes of middle cerebral artery velocity in relation to end-expiratory CO2 (EtCO2), peripheral saturation (SaO2), and symptoms of AMS. We tested the hypothesis that O2 desaturation and EtCO2 changes precede the development of AMS and result in brain dysfunction and compensatory mechanisms which can be measured by EEG and TCD, respectively. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found that subjects who later developed symptoms of AMS between 3,440 m and 5,050 m altitude exhibited an increase of slow cerebral activity in the right temporal region already at 3,440 m. Cerebral blood flow increased in these mountaineers in the right middle cerebral artery at 5,050 m. These findings indicate that regional brain dysfunction, which can be documented by EEG, heralds the appearance of clinical symptoms of AMS.
Published: 2007
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12. Rapid categorization of achromatic natural scenes: how robust at very low contrasts?

Author: Marc J.-M. Macé, Simon J. Thorpe, Michèle Fabre-Thorpe, Centre de recherche cerveau et cognition (CERCO), Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, MESH: Decision Making, MESH: Evoked Potentials, Visual, genetic structures, MESH: Cognition, Task (project management), Cognition, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Brain Mapping, MESH: Middle Aged, General Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition, Contrast (statistics), Electroencephalography, MESH: Comparative Study, Middle Aged, MESH: Photic Stimulation, Categorization, Human visual system model, Visual Perception, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Psychology, Adult, Diagnostic Imaging, Decision Making, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Robustness (computer science), Parvocellular cell, MESH: Electroencephalography, Reaction Time, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Communication, MESH: Humans, MESH: Visual Perception, MESH: Diagnostic Imaging, business.industry, MESH: Adult, Pattern recognition, MESH: Male, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, MESH: Reaction Time, Face (geometry), Evoked Potentials, Visual, Artificial intelligence, business, MESH: Female, Photic Stimulation, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: The human visual system is remarkably good at categorizing objects even in challenging visual conditions. Here we specifically assessed the robustness of the visual system in the face of large contrast variations in a high-level categorization task using natural images. Human subjects performed a go/no-go animal/nonanimal categorization task with briefly flashed grey level images. Performance was analysed for a large range of contrast conditions randomly presented to the subjects and varying from normal to 3% of initial contrast. Accuracy was very robust and subjects were performing well above chance level (approximately 70% correct) with only 10-12% of initial contrast. Accuracy decreased with contrast reduction but reached chance level only in the most extreme condition (3% of initial contrast). Conversely, the maximal increase in mean reaction time was approximately 60 ms (at 8% of initial contrast); it then remained stable with further contrast reductions. Associated ERPs recorded on correct target and distractor trials showed a clear differential effect whose amplitude and peak latency were correlated respectively with task accuracy and mean reaction times. These data show the strong robustness of the visual system in object categorization at very low contrast. They suggest that magnocellular information could play a role in ventral stream visual functions such as object recognition. Performance may rely on early object representations which lack the details provided subsequently by the parvocellular system but contain enough information to reach decision in the categorization task.
Published: 2005
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13. Intracerebral study of gamma rhythm reactivity in the sensorimotor cortex

Author: Jean-Louis Bourriez, Philippe Kahane, Patrick Chauvel, William Szurhaj, Philippe Derambure, François Mauguière, Noyaux gris centraux, Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Laboratoire de physiopathologie de l'épilepsie (LNPEE), CHU Grenoble, Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Service de Neurologie Fonctionnelle et d'Epileptologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Collaboration, and Deransart, Colin
Subjects: Male, Epilepsy, Frontal Lobe, Efferent, MESH: Movement, Somatosensory system, Functional Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, 0302 clinical medicine, Evoked Potentials, MESH: Brain Mapping, Brain Mapping, 0303 health sciences, Movement (music), General Neuroscience, MESH: Electric Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Human brain, MESH: Evoked Potentials, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, Psychology, Adult, Adolescent, Movement, MESH: Stereotaxic Techniques, Sensory system, MESH: Psychomotor Performance, MESH: Somatosensory Cortex, MESH: Electromyography, 03 medical and health sciences, Rhythm, MESH: Epilepsy, Frontal Lobe, MESH: Electroencephalography, Gamma Rhythm, medicine, Humans, MESH: Functional Laterality, Electrodes, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, Electromyography, MESH: Adult, Somatosensory Cortex, MESH: Electrodes, Electric Stimulation, MESH: Male, Sensorimotor rhythm, MESH: Female, Neuroscience, Psychomotor Performance, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; The generators and functional correlates of gamma oscillations within the sensorimotor cortex remain unclear. With the goal of locating the oscillations' sources precisely and then studying the relationship between oscillatory reactivity and ongoing movement, we recorded stereoelectroencephalograms with intracerebral electrodes in eight epileptic subjects awaiting surgical treatment. The sensorimotor cortex was free of lesions and was exhaustively explored with the electrodes. Subjects were asked to perform various self-paced movements contralateral to the exploration zone, brief and sustained, distal movements and a pointing movement. We used the event-related desynchronization method to quantify the reactivity of the 40-60-Hz band before, during and after the performance of movement. A very focused, event-related synchronization of gamma rhythms was found in all subjects. It was predominantly observed in the primary sensorimotor area and its distribution was consistent with the functional map established using electrical stimulations. Two different temporal patterns were observed, the event-related synchronization of gamma rhythms was related either to movement onset or to movement offset but was never recorded before movement. This observation suggests that gamma oscillations are more probably related to movement execution than to motor planning. The different patterns argue in favour of multiple functional roles; it has been shown that gamma oscillations may support the efferent drive to the muscles and here we show that they are also likely to be related to somatosensory integration. We therefore suggest that gamma oscillations in the 40-60-Hz band may support afferent sensory feedback to the sensorimotor cortex during the performance of movement.
Published: 2005
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14. Neural network involved in time perception: An fMRI study comparing long and short interval estimation

Author: Micha Pfeuty, Viviane Pouthas, Nathalie George, Stéphane Lehéricy, Denis LeBihan, Jean-Baptiste Poline, Pierre-François VandeMoorteele, Laurent Hugueville, Anne-Marie Ferrandez, Bernard Renault, Neurosciences cognitives et imagerie cérébrale (NCIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Center for NeuroImaging Research-Human MRI Neuroimaging core facility for clinical research [ICM Paris] (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neuro-anatomie fonctionnelle du comportement et de ses troubles, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR70-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), IFR de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle (IFR 49), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Human Brain Research Center [Kyoto] (HBRC), Kyoto University, Laboratoire de Chimie des polymères organiques (LCPO), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre de Neuro-Imagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Neuroradiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Kyoto University [Kyoto], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, Cingulate cortex, Time Factors, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, MESH: Frontal Lobe, Brain mapping, Basal Ganglia, Functional Laterality, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Basal Ganglia, 0302 clinical medicine, Parietal Lobe, Neural Pathways, Basal ganglia, Research Articles, MESH: Brain Mapping, Brain Mapping, MESH: Parietal Lobe, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, 05 social sciences, Brain, Time perception, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Frontal Lobe, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Duration (music), Female, Anatomy, Psychology, Adult, Central nervous system, Gyrus Cinguli, 050105 experimental psychology, MESH: Time Perception, Premotor cortex, MESH: Brain, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Gyrus Cinguli, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, MESH: Functional Laterality, Anterior cingulate cortex, MESH: Humans, MESH: Neural Pathways, MESH: Time Factors, MESH: Adult, MESH: Male, MESH: Nerve Net, Time Perception, Neurology (clinical), Nerve Net, MESH: Female, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; In this study, long ( approximately 1,300 ms) and short duration ( approximately 450 ms) estimation trials in an event-related functional MRI (fMRI) study were contrasted in order to reveal the regions within a time estimation network yielding increased activation with the increase of the duration to be estimated. In accordance with numerous imaging studies, our results showed that the presupplementary motor area (preSMA), the anterior cingulate, the prefrontal and parietal cortices, and the basal ganglia were involved in the estimation trials whatever the duration to be estimated. Moreover, only a subset of the regions within this distributed cortical and subcortical network yielded increased activation with increasing time, namely, the preSMA, the anterior cingulate cortex, the right inferior frontal gyrus (homolog to Broca's area), the bilateral premotor cortex, and the right caudate nucleus. This suggests that these regions are directly involved in duration estimation. We propose that the caudate-preSMA circuit, the anterior cingulate, and the premotor-inferior frontal regions may support a clock mechanism, decision and response-related processes, and active maintenance of temporal information, respectively.
Published: 2005
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15. Distributed and Overlapping Cerebral Representations of Number, Size, and Luminance during Comparative Judgments

Author: Denis Le Bihan, Stanislas Dehaene, Philippe Pinel, Manuela Piazza, Laboratoire Toulousain de Technologie et d'Ingénierie des Systèmes (LATTIS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-IUT Toulouse 2 Blagnac, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Neuroimagerie cognitive (LCogn), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, IFR de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle (IFR 49), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Human Brain Research Center [Kyoto] (HBRC), Kyoto University [Kyoto], Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-IUT Toulouse 2 Blagnac, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Kyoto University
Subjects: Male, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Interference (wave propagation), Luminance, Functional Laterality, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, Parietal Lobe, Neural Pathways, MESH: Brain Mapping, MESH: Contrast Sensitivity, Visual Cortex, Mathematics, media_common, Brain Mapping, MESH: Parietal Lobe, General Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, MESH: Lighting, Human brain, Spatial code, Magnitude processing, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Temporal Lobe, MESH: Photic Stimulation, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, Adult, Neuroscience(all), media_common.quotation_subject, MESH: Space Perception, behavioral disciplines and activities, 050105 experimental psychology, Contrast Sensitivity, Judgment, 03 medical and health sciences, Dimension (vector space), Perception, medicine, Humans, MESH: Temporal Lobe, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, MESH: Functional Laterality, Lighting, MESH: Judgment, Communication, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Neural Pathways, MESH: Visual Cortex, MESH: Adult, Pattern recognition, Distance effect, MESH: Male, Space Perception, Artificial intelligence, business, MESH: Female, Photic Stimulation, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; How are comparative judgments performed in the human brain? We scanned subjects with fMRI while they compared stimuli for size, luminance, or number. Regions involved in comparative judgments were identified using three criteria: task-related activation, presence of a distance effect, and interference of one dimension onto the other. We observed considerable overlap in the neural substrates of the three comparison tasks. Interestingly, the amount of overlap predicted the amount of cross-dimensional interference: in both behavior and fMRI, number interfered with size, and size with luminance, but number did not interfere with luminance. The results suggest that during comparative judgments, the relevant continuous quantities are represented in distributed and overlapping neural populations, with number and size engaging a common parietal spatial code, while size and luminance engage shared occipito-temporal perceptual representations.
Published: 2004
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16. Neural correlates of implicit object identification

Author: Muriel Boucart, M. E. Meyer, Glyn W. Humphreys, Jack R. Foucher, Delphine Pins, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies (LNFP), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés (LSI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), Laboratoire de chimie et biochimie des substances naturelles, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Liquides Ioniques et Interfaces Chargées (LI2C), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et de Pharmacologie de la Cognition, IFR37-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lithography Laboratory, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Service d'Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Hôpital Saint-André, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Boucart, Muriel
Subjects: Male, MESH: Evoked Potentials, Visual, genetic structures, MESH: Frontal Lobe, MESH: Semantics, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Behavioral Neuroscience, Mental Processes, 0302 clinical medicine, Reference Values, Semantic memory, MESH: Brain Mapping, MESH: Mental Processes, Visual Cortex, media_common, Cerebral Cortex, Brain Mapping, Orientation (computer vision), 05 social sciences, MESH: Reference Values, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Recognition (Psychology), Temporal Lobe, Frontal Lobe, Semantics, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Psychology, psychological phenomena and processes, Cognitive psychology, Adult, Cognitive Neuroscience, media_common.quotation_subject, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, behavioral disciplines and activities, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Perception, medicine, Humans, MESH: Temporal Lobe, MESH: Form Perception, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Neural correlates of consciousness, Communication, MESH: Humans, Fusiform gyrus, business.industry, MESH: Visual Cortex, Recognition, Psychology, MESH: Adult, Object (computer science), MESH: Cerebral Cortex, MESH: Male, Form Perception, Visual cortex, MESH: Nerve Net, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Nerve Net, business, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; The present study sought to assess neural correlates of implicit identification of objects by means of fMRI, using tasks that require matching of the physical properties of objects. Behavioural data suggests that there is automatic access to object identity when observers attend to a physical property of the form of an object (e.g. the object's orientation) and no evidence for semantic processing when subjects attend to colour. We evaluated whether, in addition to neural areas associated with decisions to specific perceptual properties, areas associated with access to semantic information were activated when tasks demanded processing of the global configuration of pictures. We used two perceptual matching tasks based on the global orientation or on the colour of line drawings. Our results confirmed behavioural data. Activations in the inferior occipital cortex, fusiform and inferior temporal gyri in both tasks (orientation and colour) account for perceptual and structural processing involved in each task. In contrast, activations in the posterior and medial parts of the fusiform gyrus, shown to be involved in explicit semantic judgements, were more pronounced in the orientation-matching task, suggesting that semantic information from the pictures is processed in an implicit way even when not required by the task. Thus, this study suggests that cortical regions usually involved in explicit semantic processing are also activated when implicit processing of objects occurs.
Published: 2004
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17. A methodology for generating normal and pathological brain perfusion SPECT images for evaluation of MRI/SPECT fusion methods: application in epilepsy

Author: Irène Buvat, Christophe Grova, Pierre Jannin, Arnaud Biraben, A. M. Bernard, Bernard Gibaud, Jean Marie Scarabin, Habib Benali, Grosset, Aline, Integration de Donnees Multimedia en Anatomie et Physiologie Cerebrale Pour l'Aide a la Decision et l'Enseignement, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Imagerie médicale et quantitative, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de médecine nucléaire [Rennes], CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Male, MESH: Subtraction Technique, Computer science, Partial volume, Perfusion scanning, Ictal-Interictal SPECT Analysis by SPM, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, User-Computer Interface, Epilepsy, Single Photon Emission Tomography, MESH: Brain Mapping, Brain Mapping, Ground truth, MESH: Middle Aged, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, Brain, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Reproducibility of Results, MESH: Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Female, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Perfusion, Algorithms, Adult, MESH: Algorithms, Models, Biological, Sensitivity and Specificity, MESH: Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, MESH: Brain, MESH: Computer Simulation, Spect imaging, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, medicine, Humans, Computer Simulation, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Ictal, MESH: User-Computer Interface, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, [SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Models, Biological, Reproducibility of Results, MESH: Adult, Gold standard (test), medicine.disease, MESH: Male, MESH: Sensitivity and Specificity, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Subtraction Technique, Nuclear medicine, business, MESH: Female, MESH: Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted
Abstract: International audience; Quantitative evaluation of brain MRI/SPECT fusion methods for normal and in particular pathological datasets is difficult, due to the frequent lack of relevant ground truth. We propose a methodology to generate MRI and SPECT datasets dedicated to the evaluation of MRI/SPECT fusion methods and illustrate the method when dealing with ictal SPECT. The method consists in generating normal or pathological SPECT data perfectly aligned with a high-resolution 3D T1-weighted MRI using realistic Monte Carlo simulations that closely reproduce the response of a SPECT imaging system. Anatomical input data for the SPECT simulations are obtained from this 3D T1-weighted MRI, while functional input data result from an inter-individual analysis of anatomically standardized SPECT data. The method makes it possible to control the 'brain perfusion' function by proposing a theoretical model of brain perfusion from measurements performed on real SPECT images. Our method provides an absolute gold standard for assessing MRI/SPECT registration method accuracy since, by construction, the SPECT data are perfectly registered with the MRI data. The proposed methodology has been applied to create a theoretical model of normal brain perfusion and ictal brain perfusion characteristic of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. To approach realistic and unbiased perfusion models, real SPECT data were corrected for uniform attenuation, scatter and partial volume effect. An anatomic standardization was used to account for anatomic variability between subjects. Realistic simulations of normal and ictal SPECT deduced from these perfusion models are presented. The comparison of real and simulated SPECT images showed relative differences in regional activity concentration of less than 20% in most anatomical structures, for both normal and ictal data, suggesting realistic models of perfusion distributions for evaluation purposes. Inter-hemispheric asymmetry coefficients measured on simulated data were found within the range of asymmetry coefficients measured on corresponding real data. The features of the proposed approach are compared with those of other methods previously described to obtain datasets appropriate for the assessment of fusion methods.
Published: 2003
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18. Foot, Hand, Face and Eye Representation in the Human Striatum

Author: Jean-François Mangin, Stéphane Lehéricy, Jean-Baptiste Pochon, Yves Agid, Fabrice Poupon, Sophie Tezenas du Montcel, Denis Le Bihan, Emmanuel Gerardin, Claude Marsault, IFR de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle (IFR 49), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Traitement de l'Information et des Systèmes (LITIS), Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Institut Européen des membranes (IEM), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for NeuroImaging Research-Human MRI Neuroimaging core facility for clinical research [ICM Paris] (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neuro-anatomie fonctionnelle du comportement et de ses troubles, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR70-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département de Biostatistique, Santé Publique et Information Médicale [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (BIOSPIM ), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Génétique épidémiologique et structures des populations humaines (Inserm U535), Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie Assistée par Ordinateur (LNAO), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Neurologie et thérapeutique expérimentale, Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Le Bihan, Denis, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de Neuro-Imagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR70-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: Male, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Caudate nucleus, MESH: Movement, Striatum, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Putamen, MESH: Corpus Striatum, 0302 clinical medicine, Thalamus, Healthy volunteers, 10. No inequality, MESH: Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, MESH: Thalamus, Brain Mapping, Blood-oxygen-level dependent, Putamen, 05 social sciences, MESH: Lip, Anatomy, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Saccades, Female, Psychology, MESH: Face, Adult, Movement, Cognitive Neuroscience, Left fingers, MESH: Foot, 050105 experimental psychology, MESH: Toes, MESH: Hand, Fingers, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Saccades, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, MESH: Humans, Foot, Eye movement, MESH: Adult, Toes, Hand, Corpus Striatum, Lip, MESH: Male, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, Saccadic masking, [SDV.IB.IMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, MESH: Fingers, nervous system, Face, MESH: Female, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; The present study aimed at determining the three-dimensional organization of striatal activation during foot, hand, face and eye movements. Seven right-handed, healthy volunteers were studied at 1.5 T using blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast. The tasks consisted of self-paced flexion/extension of the right and left fingers and right toes, contraction of the lips and saccadic eye movements. For foot, hand and face movements, striatal activation was mainly found in the putamen with a somatotopical organization, the foot area being dorsal, the face area more ventral and medial, the hand area in between. Overlap between somatotopic territories was present, more prominent for hand-face than for foot-face or foot-hand areas. In the putamen, the activated areas of the ipsi- and contralateral hand areas were not identical, suggesting a partial segregation of the ipsi- and contralateral striatal sensorimotor projections. For saccadic eye movements, bilateral activation was observed at the junction between the body and the head of the caudate nucleus and in the right putamen. These data present evidence for a somatotopic organization of the human striatum which corresponds with the topography of corticostriatal projections described in the non-human primates.
Published: 2003
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19. Anatomy of verbal memory: a functional MRI study

Author: Samuel Dupont, Michel Baulac, D. Le Bihan, Yves Samson, Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte UMR7261 (IRBI), Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cultures et Sociétés en Europe (CSE), Université Marc Bloch - Strasbourg II-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Physique des Matériaux et Microstructures (SP2M - UMR 9002), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, IFR de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle (IFR 49), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Human Brain Research Center [Kyoto] (HBRC), Kyoto University [Kyoto], Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Cortex et Epilepsie [Paris], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Service de neurologie 1 [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Kyoto University, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP]
Subjects: Male, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, MESH: Mental Recall, Hippocampus, Brain mapping, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, MESH: Memory, Episodic memory, MESH: Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Brain Mapping, medicine.diagnostic_test, 05 social sciences, Verbal Learning, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Temporal Lobe, Female, Occipital Lobe, Anatomy, MESH: Occipital Lobe, Adult, MESH: Hemodynamics, 050105 experimental psychology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, Memory, Functional neuroimaging, Humans, MESH: Temporal Lobe, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Dominance, Cerebral, MESH: Humans, Recall, business.industry, Hemodynamics, MESH: Adult, Magnetic resonance imaging, MESH: Dominance, Cerebral, MESH: Verbal Learning, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, MESH: Male, MESH: Nerve Net, Mental Recall, Surgery, Nerve Net, Verbal memory, business, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, MESH: Female, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; The recent advent of new functional neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) makes it possible to examine cerebral activations in healthy individuals. In the present study, we attempted to examine the anatomical distribution of neocortical and mediotemporal activations in control subjects during episodic memory tasks over 24 h. BOLD (blood oxygenation-level-dependent) fMRI data were collected from 10 control subjects. Twenty-two contiguous images covering the whole brain were acquired using an EPI echoplanar sequence. Subjects were instructed to learn a list of 17 words, and to recall it immediately and after a 24-h interval. Individual and group analyses were performed using SPM96. The results demonstrated that a similar left occipito-temporofrontal network was activated during both immediate and 24-h-delayed retrieval conditions. In addition, the 24-h-delayed retrieval also activated a larger parietal region and the right hippocampus. These findings suggest that fMRI is a reliable method with which to perform anatomical studies.
Published: 2002
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20. Brain networks disconnection in early multiple sclerosis cognitive deficits: an anatomofunctional study

Author: Louapre, Céline, Perlbarg, Vincent, García-Lorenzo, Daniel, Urbanski, Marika, Benali, Habib, Assouad, Rana, Galanaud, Damien, Freeman, Léorah, Bodini, Benedetta, Papeix, Caroline, Tourbah, Ayman, Lubetzki, Catherine, Lehéricy, Stéphane, Stankoff, Bruno, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle (LIF), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR14-IFR49-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (MNI), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Centre de Neuro-Imagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Warsaw University of Technology [Warsaw], Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Algorithms, models and methods for images and signals of the human brain (ARAMIS), Inria Paris-Rocquencourt, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Service de Neuroradiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institute of Neurology, UCL, Queen Square, London, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Neuropsychologie (LPN), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), Service de neurologie [Reims], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for NeuroImaging Research-Human MRI Neuroimaging core facility for clinical research [ICM Paris] (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale [Paris] (LIB), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square [London], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), McGill University-McGill University, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Département de Neurologie [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de neuro-radiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP]
Subjects: Adult, Male, Adolescent, MESH: Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Rest, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Neuropsychological Tests, MESH: Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Young Adult, MESH: Brain, Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting, Neural Pathways, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Humans, Prospective Studies, Research Articles, MESH: Brain Mapping, MESH: Adolescent, Brain Mapping, MESH: Humans, MESH: Neural Pathways, Brain, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], MESH: Adult, MESH: Neuropsychological Tests, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Prospective Studies, MESH: Male, MESH: Cognition Disorders, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Young Adult, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Disease Progression, Female, MESH: Rest, MESH: Disease Progression, Cognition Disorders, MESH: Female, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: Severe cognitive impairment involving multiple cognitive domains can occur early during the course of multiple sclerosis (MS). We investigated resting state functional connectivity changes in large‐scale brain networks and related structural damage underlying cognitive dysfunction in patients with early MS. Patients with relapsing MS (3–5 years disease duration) were prospectively assigned to two groups based on a standardized neuropsychological evaluation: (1) cognitively impaired group (CI group, n = 15), with abnormal performances in at least 3 tests; (2) cognitively preserved group (CP group, n = 20) with normal performances in all tests. Patients and age‐matched healthy controls underwent a multimodal 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including anatomical T1 and T2 images, diffusion imaging and resting state functional MRI. Structural MRI analysis revealed that CI patients had a higher white matter lesion load compared to CP and a more severe atrophy in gray matter regions highly connected to networks involved in cognition. Functional connectivity measured by integration was increased in CP patients versus controls in attentional networks (ATT), while integration was decreased in CI patients compared to CP both in the default mode network (DMN) and ATT. An anatomofunctional study within the DMN revealed that functional connectivity was mostly altered between the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) in CI patients compared to CP and controls. In a multilinear regression model, functional correlation between MPFC and PCC was best predicted by PCC atrophy. Disconnection in the DMN and ATT networks may deprive the brain of compensatory mechanisms required to face widespread structural damage. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4706–4717, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Published: 2014

21. Bidirectional control of a one-dimensional robotic actuator by operant conditioning of a single unit in rat motor cortex

Author: Daniel E. Shulz, Yves Frégnac, Pierre-Jean Arduin, Valérie Ego-Stengel, Unité de Neurosciences Information et Complexité [Gif sur Yvette] (UNIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard (INAF)
Subjects: Neuroprosthetics, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, MESH: Neurons, MESH: Orientation, awake electrophysiological recording, Water bottle, MESH: Synapses, lcsh:RC321-571, operant conditioning, MESH: Models, Neurological, Neuroplasticity, medicine, Learning, Operant conditioning, MESH: Animals, MESH: Lysine, Original Research Article, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, MESH: Action Potentials, MESH: Brain Mapping, Brain–computer interface, Neuronal Plasticity, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, General Neuroscience, Process (computing), MESH: Visual Cortex, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, MESH: Neural Inhibition, MESH: Male, MESH: Predictive Value of Tests, medicine.anatomical_structure, MESH: Photic Stimulation, nervous system, Neuroprosthesis, Neuron, MESH: Cats, MESH: Sensory Thresholds, MESH: Visual Fields, Psychology, Neuroscience, MESH: Female, brain-machine interface, Motor cortex
Abstract: International audience; The design of efficient neuroprosthetic devices has become a major challenge for the long-term goal of restoring autonomy to motor-impaired patients. One approach for brain control of actuators consists in decoding the activity pattern obtained by simultaneously recording large neuronal ensembles in order to predict in real-time the subject's intention, and move the prosthesis accordingly. An alternative way is to assign the output of one or a few neurons by operant conditioning to control the prosthesis with rules defined by the experimenter, and rely on the functional adaptation of these neurons during learning to reach the desired behavioral outcome. Here, several motor cortex neurons were recorded simultaneously in head-fixed awake rats and were conditioned, one at a time, to modulate their firing rate up and down in order to control the speed and direction of a one-dimensional actuator carrying a water bottle. The goal was to maintain the bottle in front of the rat's mouth, allowing it to drink. After learning, all conditioned neurons modulated their firing rate, effectively controlling the bottle position so that the drinking time was increased relative to chance. The mean firing rate averaged over all bottle trajectories depended non-linearly on position, so that the mouth position operated as an attractor. Some modifications of mean firing rate were observed in the surrounding neurons, but to a lesser extent. Notably, the conditioned neuron reacted faster and led to a better control than surrounding neurons, as calculated by using the activity of those neurons to generate simulated bottle trajectories. Our study demonstrates the feasibility, even in the rodent, of using a motor cortex neuron to control a prosthesis in real-time bidirectionally. The learning process includes modifications of the activity of neighboring cortical neurons, while the conditioned neuron selectively leads the activity patterns associated with the prosthesis control.
Published: 2014
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22. Involvement of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex in temporal behavioral sequencing: subregional analysis of the medial prefrontal cortex in rat

Author: Benoît Delatour, Pascale Gisquet-Verrier, Neurobiologie de l'apprentissage, de la mémoire et de la communication (NAMC), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, Cingulate cortex, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, MESH: Conditioning, Operant, MESH: Mental Recall, MESH: Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Brain mapping, Discrimination Learning, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Limbic system, MESH: Serial Learning, Neural Pathways, Limbic System, MESH: Animals, Prefrontal cortex, MESH: Avoidance Learning, MESH: Brain Mapping, Brain Mapping, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, 05 social sciences, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, Time perception, MESH: Limbic System, medicine.anatomical_structure, Psychology, MESH: Rats, MESH: Motivation, Infralimbic cortex, Prefrontal Cortex, MESH: Orientation, Serial Learning, Gyrus Cinguli, MESH: Time Perception, 03 medical and health sciences, Orientation, MESH: Gyrus Cinguli, Avoidance Learning, medicine, Animals, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Maze Learning, Anterior cingulate cortex, Motivation, Working memory, MESH: Maze Learning, MESH: Neural Pathways, MESH: Discrimination Learning, MESH: Male, Rats, Mental Recall, Time Perception, Conditioning, Operant, MESH: Prefrontal Cortex, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; We recently demonstrated that rats with dorsal anterior cingulate (ACd) cortical lesions were disrupted in the acquisition of a temporal Go/No-Go alternation task, suggesting either an involvement of this medial prefrontal subregion in sequencing temporally ordered behaviors or alternatively in more general response selection processes 'Gisquet-Verrier et al., Psychobiology 28 (2000) 248'. In the present study, the effects of ACd lesions were investigated in two different training situations. Both tasks involved response selection but only one of the two tasks required behavioral sequencing. In experiment 1, rats with ACd lesions were normally able to select Go and No-Go responses, when selection processes were based on a tone/light conditional rule that does not require temporal patterning. In experiment 2, ACd-lesioned rats were disrupted during the acquisition of a spatial alternation task that relies on temporal patterning. These results provide further evidence of ACd involvement in behavioral sequencing, regardless of the nature (spatial or non-spatial) of chained responses. A comparison of ACd lesions-induced effects with those obtained with lesions to the adjacent prelimbic-infralimbic area 'Delatour & Gisquet-Verrier, Behav. Neurosci. 110 (1996) 1282; Delatour & Gisquet-Verrier, Behav. Neurosci. 113 (1999) 941' reveals a double dissociation of these two regions that reflects a functional regionalization of the medial prefrontal cortex in the rat.
Published: 2001
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23. Interaction of Gustatory and Lingual Somatosensory Perceptions at the Cortical Level in the Human: a Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Author: Annick Faurion, Patrick Macleod, Pierre-Francois Van de Moortele, Barbara Cerf-Ducastel, Denis Le Bihan, Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, IFR de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle (IFR 49), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), Danone Research, Groupe DANONE, Le Bihan, Denis, Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Taste, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Physiology, Sensory system, Somatosensory system, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Somatosensory Cortex, Behavioral Neuroscience, Homunculus, Tongue, Physiology (medical), MESH: Stimulation, Chemical, medicine, Humans, MESH: Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Brain Mapping, MESH: Humans, MESH: Middle Aged, medicine.diagnostic_test, MESH: Tongue, MESH: Adult, Somatosensory Cortex, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Stimulation, Chemical, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, MESH: Male, Sensory Systems, [SDV.IB.IMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, medicine.anatomical_structure, Somatosensory evoked potential, Female, MESH: Taste, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Psychology, MESH: Female, Insula, Neuroscience
Abstract: International audience; The present study has investigated interaction at the cortical level in the human between two major components of flavor perception, pure chemical gustatory and lingual somatosensory perception. Twelve subjects participated in a functional magnetic resonance imaging study and tasted six stimuli, applied on the whole tongue, among which four were pure gustatory stimuli (NaCl, aspartame, quinine and HCl, pH 2.4 or 2.2) and two were both taste and lingual somatosensory stimuli, i.e. somato-gustatory stimuli (HCl, pH 1.6 or 1.5, and aluminum potassium sulfate). Functional images were acquired with an echo planar sequence on a 3 T system and were individually processed by correlation with the temporal perception profile. Both sets of stimuli showed activation in the same cortical areas, namely the insula, the rolandic operculum (base of the pre- and post-central gyri), the frontal operculum and the temporal operculum, confirming a wide overlap of taste and lingual somatosensory representations. However, the relative activation across areas and the analysis of co-activated areas across all runs for each set of stimuli allowed discrimination of taste and somatosensory modalities. Factor analysis of correspondences indicated different patterns of activation across the sub-insular and opercular regions, depending on the gustatory or somato-gustatory nature of the stimuli. For gustatory stimuli different activation patterns for the superior and inferior parts of the insula suggested a difference in function between these two insular sub-regions. Furthermore, the left inferior insula was co-activated with the left angular gyrus, a structure involved in semantic processing. In contrast, only somato-gustatory stimuli specifically produced a simultaneous and symmetrical activation of both the left and right rolandic opercula, which include a part of the sensory homunculus dedicated to the tactile representation of oral structures.
Published: 2001
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24. Connectivity between Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus and Supplementary Motor Area Predicts After-Effects of Right Frontal Cathodal tDCS on Picture Naming Speed

Author: Chiara Zavanone, Yohan Attal, P. Vargas, Yves Samson, Christine Delmaire, Romain Valabregue, Sabine Meunier, Stéphane Lehéricy, Charlotte Rosso, Damian M. Herz, Laurent D. Cohen, Frédéric Humbert, Céline Arbizu, Axel Thielscher, Arnaud Messé, Hartwig R. Siebner, S. Ferrieux, Center for NeuroImaging Research-Human MRI Neuroimaging core facility for clinical research [ICM Paris] (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer [CHU Pitié-Salpétriêre] (IM2A), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Algorithms, models and methods for images and signals of the human brain (ARAMIS), Inria Paris-Rocquencourt, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Laboratoire d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle (LIF), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR14-IFR49-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Services de neuroradiologie [Lille], Hôpital Roger Salengro [Lille]-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Hvidovre Hospital, Equipe NEMESIS - Centre de Recherches de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (NEMESIS-CRICM), Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Neuro-Imagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer [Paris] (IM2A), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Service de Neuroradiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Colliot, Olivier, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: Male, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, [INFO.INFO-IM] Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, MESH: Frontal Lobe, Brain mapping, tDCS, [INFO.INFO-CV] Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], Neural Pathways, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Brain Mapping, Language, MESH: Aged, Brain Mapping, MESH: Middle Aged, Cross-Over Studies, medicine.diagnostic_test, Transcranial direct-current stimulation, Supplementary motor area, General Neuroscience, Motor Cortex, MESH: Electric Stimulation, Middle Aged, SMA, MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Frontal Lobe, medicine.anatomical_structure, Diffusion tensor imaging, [INFO.INFO-TI] Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Frontal lobe, MESH: Young Adult, MESH: Language, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Female, Psychology, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, MESH: Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Motor cortex, Adult, Biophysics, MESH: Motor Cortex, MESH: Cross-Over Studies, lcsh:RC321-571, Young Adult, medicine, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Humans, Electrodes, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, [SPI.SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Aged, MESH: Humans, MESH: Neural Pathways, [SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], MESH: Adult, MESH: Electrodes, MESH: Male, Electric Stimulation, [SDV.IB.IMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Neurology (clinical), Neuroscience, MESH: Female, Diffusion MRI
Abstract: Background: Cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the right frontal cortex improves language abilities in post-stroke aphasic patients. Yet little is known about the effects of right frontal cathodal tDCS on normal language function. Objective/hypothesis: To explore the cathodal tDCS effects of the right-hemispheric homologue of Broca's area on picture naming in healthy individuals. We hypothesized that cathodal tDCS improves picture naming and that this effect is determined by the anatomical and functional connectivity of the targeted region. Methods: Cathodal and sham tDCS were applied to the right inferior frontal gyrus in 24 healthy subjects before a picture-naming task. All participants were studied with magnetic resonance imaging at pre-interventional baseline. Probabilistic tractography and dynamic causal modeling of functional brain activity during a word repetition task were applied to characterize anatomical and functional connectivity. Results: Subjects named pictures faster after cathodal relative to sham tDCS. The accelerating effect of tDCS was explained by a reduced frequency of very slow responses. tDCS-induced acceleration of picture naming correlated with larger volumes of the tract connecting the right Broca's area and the supplementary motor area (SMA) and greater functional coupling from the right SMA to the right Broca's area. Conclusions: The results support the notion that the after-effects of tDCS on brain function are at least in part determined by the anatomical and functional connectivity of the targeted region.
Published: 2014

25. Hidden Complexity of Synaptic Receptive Fields in Cat V1

Author: Julien Fournier, Katalin Sári, Olivier Marre, Yves Frégnac, Cyril Monier, Zoltán F. Kisvárday, Manuel Levy, Unité de Neurosciences Information et Complexité [Gif sur Yvette] (UNIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard (INAF), Neuroscience Research Group, and MTA-Debreceni Egyetem
Subjects: Male, genetic structures, Journal Club, MESH: Neurons, Action Potentials, Brain mapping, MESH: Synapses, 0302 clinical medicine, Sensory threshold, Contrast (vision), MESH: Animals, Elméleti orvostudományok, MESH: Action Potentials, MESH: Brain Mapping, media_common, Visual Cortex, Neurons, 0303 health sciences, Brain Mapping, Subthreshold conduction, General Neuroscience, MESH: Neural Inhibition, Articles, Orvostudományok, MESH: Predictive Value of Tests, MESH: Photic Stimulation, medicine.anatomical_structure, Sensory Thresholds, Excitatory postsynaptic potential, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Female, MESH: Cats, media_common.quotation_subject, Models, Neurological, MESH: Orientation, Biology, Inhibitory postsynaptic potential, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Models, Neurological, Predictive Value of Tests, Orientation, medicine, Animals, MESH: Lysine, 030304 developmental biology, Lysine, MESH: Visual Cortex, Neural Inhibition, MESH: Male, Visual cortex, Receptive field, Synapses, Cats, MESH: Sensory Thresholds, MESH: Visual Fields, Visual Fields, MESH: Female, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Photic Stimulation
Abstract: International audience; In the primary visual cortex (V1), Simple and Complex receptive fields (RFs) are usually characterized on the basis of the linearity of the cell spiking response to stimuli of opposite contrast. Whether or not this classification reflects a functional dichotomy in the synaptic inputs to Simple and Complex cells is still an open issue. Here we combined intracellular membrane potential recordings in cat V1 with 2D dense noise stimulation to decompose the Simple-like and Complex-like components of the subthreshold RF into a parallel set of functionally distinct subunits. Results show that both Simple and Complex RFs exhibit a remarkable diversity of excitatory and inhibitory Complex-like contributions, which differ in orientation and spatial frequency selectivity from the linear RF, even in layer 4 and layer 6 Simple cells. We further show that the diversity of Complex-like contributions recovered at the subthreshold level is expressed in the cell spiking output. These results demonstrate that the Simple or Complex nature of V1 RFs does not rely on the diversity of Complex-like components received by the cell from its synaptic afferents but on the imbalance between the weights of the Simple-like and Complex-like synaptic contributions.
Published: 2014
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26. Detailed mapping of the histamine H2 receptor and its gene transcripts in guinea-pig brain

Author: E. Souil, Marisa Vizuete, J.-C. Schwartz, J. Tardivel-Lacombe, Elisabeth Traiffort, M.L. Bouthenet, Martial Ruat, Laboratoire de Physiologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université René Descartes, Unité de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Moléculaire [Centre Paul Broca] (U109 INSERM ), Groupe hospitalier Broca-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and PERIGNON, Alain
Subjects: Male, Cerebellum, Transcription, Genetic, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, [SDV.NEU.PC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, Hippocampal formation, MESH: Radioligand Assay, Guanidines, Iodine Radioisotopes, Radioligand Assay, MESH: Autoradiography, MESH: Animals, MESH: Brain Chemistry, Cloning, Molecular, Receptor, MESH: Brain Mapping, In Situ Hybridization, Brain Mapping, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, Cerebrum, General Neuroscience, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, Brain, MESH: Iodine Radioisotopes, MESH: Guanidines, medicine.anatomical_structure, Histamine H2 Antagonists, Cerebral cortex, Cerebellar cortex, MESH: Histamine H2 Antagonists, Guinea Pigs, MESH: Receptors, Histamine H2, Biology, MESH: Guinea Pigs, MESH: Brain, MESH: In Situ Hybridization, medicine, Animals, MESH: Cloning, Molecular, Receptors, Histamine H2, RNA, Messenger, MESH: RNA, Messenger, Brain Chemistry, MESH: Transcription, Genetic, Dentate gyrus, [SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Histaminergic, MESH: Male, nervous system, Autoradiography, Neuroscience, [SDV.NEU.SC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Autoradiographic studies of the distribution of the histamine H2 receptor and its messenger RNAs were performed on serial frontal and a few sagittal sections of guinea-pig brain using [(125)I]iodoaminopotentidine for radioligand binding and a 33P-labelled complementary RNA probe for in situ hybridization, respectively. Both probes were validated by assessing non-specific labelling using non-radioactive competing H2 receptor ligands and a sense probe for binding sites and gene transcripts, respectively. In some areas, e.g., cerebral cortex, hippocampal complex or cerebellum, such studies were completed by identification of neurons expressing the H2 receptor messenger RNAs on emulsion-dipped sections. Nissl-stained sections from comparable levels were used to localize brain structures. In many brain areas, the distribution of the H2 receptor and its messenger RNAs appeared to parallel that known for histaminergic axons. For instance. high levels of both H2 receptor markers were detected in striatal and limbic areas known to receive abundant histaminergic projections. In contrast, in septum, hypothalamic, pontine and several thalamic nuclei, a comparatively low density of both H2 receptor markers was detected, suggesting that histamine actions in these areas are mediated by H1 and/or H3 receptors. Generally, the distribution of H2 receptor messenger RNA correlates well with that of [(125)I]iodoaminopotentidine binding sites, although some differences were observed. In a few regions (e.g., substantia nigra, locus coeruleus) high or moderate densities of binding sites were accompanied by a much more restricted expression of H2 receptor transcripts. Conversely, the mammillary region and the pontine nucleus exhibited higher levels of hybridization than of binding sites. In hippocampus, cerebral and cerebellar cortex there was a selective localization of the H2 receptor messenger RNA in the granule cells of dentate gyrus, pyramidal cells of the Ammon's horn and cerebral cortex, and Purkinje cells of cerebellum, whereas [(125)I]iodoaminopotentidine binding sites were located in layers where the dendritic trees of these messenger RNA-expressing neurons extend. The same discrepancy between messenger RNAs and binding sites suggests that striatonigral endings are endowed with the H2 receptor. The histamine H1 and H2 receptors both appear to be present in several brain areas, in some cases in a way suggesting their potential co-expression by the same neuronal populations, e.g., in granule and pyramidal cells in the hippocampal formation. This co-expression accounts for synergic responses, e.g., on cAMP generation, previously observed upon co-stimulation of both receptor subtypes. The widespread distribution of the H2 receptor, namely in thalamic nuclei or in telencephalic areas such as most layers of the cerebral cortex, together with its excitatory role previously established in electrophysiological studies, support its alleged function in mediating the histamine-driven control of arousal mechanisms. In addition, the detection of H2 receptor expression in brainstem areas from which other monoaminergic pathways involved in the control of states of sleep and wakefulness emanate, e.g., several raphe nuclei, locus coeruleus or substantia innominata, suggests possible interrelationships between all of these systems with highly divergent projections to the thalamus and telencephalon. The present mapping of the H2 receptor and its gene transcripts should facilitate neurochemical, neurophysiological and behavioural studies aimed at clarifying the role of histaminergic systems in brain.
Published: 1997
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27. Brain Structure and Task-specific Increase in Expression of the Gene Encoding Syntaxin 1B During Learning in the Rat: A Potential Molecular Marker for Learning-induced Synaptic Plasticity in Neural Networks

Author: Serge Laroche, Jennifer Rodger, Jacques Mallet, Sabrina Davis, Andrew A. Hicks, Neurobiologie de l'apprentissage, de la mémoire et de la communication (NAMC), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique moléculaire de la neurotransmission et des processus neurodégénératifs (LGMNPN), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Hippocampus, MESH: Rats, Sprague-Dawley, MESH: Synapsins, MESH: Synapses, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Qa-SNARE Proteins, MESH: Animals, MESH: Nerve Tissue Proteins, MESH: Neuronal Plasticity, Prefrontal cortex, In Situ Hybridization, MESH: Brain Mapping, Brain Mapping, 0303 health sciences, Neuronal Plasticity, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, Qa-SNARE Proteins, General Neuroscience, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, Long-term potentiation, MESH: Gene Expression Regulation, Genetic Code, Memory consolidation, MESH: Membrane Proteins, Psychology, Synapsin I, MESH: Rats, Nerve Tissue Proteins, MESH: Psychomotor Performance, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: In Situ Hybridization, Animals, Maze Learning, 030304 developmental biology, Radial arm maze, Working memory, MESH: Maze Learning, Membrane Proteins, Synapsins, MESH: Genetic Code, MESH: Male, Rats, Gene Expression Regulation, MESH: Nerve Net, nervous system, Synapses, Synaptic plasticity, MESH: Biomarkers, Nerve Net, Neuroscience, Biomarkers, Psychomotor Performance, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; The mRNAs encoding the synaptic vesicle proteins syntaxin 1B and synapsin I were measured using in situ hybridization in several brain regions--the dentate gyrus, CA3 and CA1 of the hippocampus, the parietal, the motor and prefrontal cortices and the core and shell of the accumbens--of rats that were learning a spatial reference or working memory task on a radial arm maze. The mRNA encoding syntaxin 1B was significantly increased in all hippocampal regions in rats learning the working memory task, whereas it was increased in the prelimbic area of the prefrontal cortex and the shell of the accumbens in rats learning the spatial reference memory task. No change in mRNA encoding syntaxin 1B was observed in the motor and parietal and cortices or the core of the accumbens, and the mRNA encoding synapsin I was not significantly different from that of naive caged controls or rats running the maze for continuous reinforcement in any of the brain structures examined. These results demonstrate that the gene encoding a key member of synaptic vesicle function is up-regulated in a task- and brain-specific manner during learning. They are discussed in terms of the potential role this protein may play in trans-synaptic propagation of plasticity within specific neural networks as a function of the information required in the laying down of different types of memory.
Published: 1996
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28. Generic Properties of Curvature Sensing through Vision and Touch

Author: Birgitta Dresp-Langley, Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)
Subjects: Male, Blindness, Brain mapping, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Blindness, Computer vision, MESH: Brain Mapping, Brain Mapping, MESH: Middle Aged, Applied Mathematics, 05 social sciences, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, adaptive systems, General Medicine, Middle Aged, MESH: Touch, Object (philosophy), Modeling and Simulation, curvature, lcsh:R858-859.7, Female, Psychology, Algorithms, Research Article, Adult, Article Subject, Generic property, brain control, Models, Neurological, Sensory system, MESH: Algorithms, lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, Curvature, 050105 experimental psychology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Software, Stimulus modality, MESH: Models, Neurological, Adaptive system, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, MESH: Vision, Ocular, Vision, Ocular, MESH: Humans, General Immunology and Microbiology, Quantitative Biology::Neurons and Cognition, business.industry, MESH: Adult, Scale invariance, MESH: Male, Touch, Artificial intelligence, business, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Software
Abstract: International audience; Generic properties of curvature representations formed on the basis of vision and touch were examined as a function of mathematical properties of curved objects. Virtual representations of the curves were shown on a computer screen for visual scaling by sighted observers (experiment 1). Their physical counterparts were placed in the two hands of blindfolded and congenitally blind observers for tactile scaling. The psychophysical data show that curvature representations in congenitally blind individuals, who never had any visual experience, and in sighted observers, who rely on vision most of the time, are statistically linked to the same mathematical properties of the curves. The perceived magnitude of object curvature, sensed through either vision or touch, is related by a mathematical power law, with similar exponents for the two sensory modalities, to the aspect ratio of the curves, a scale invariant geometric property. This finding supports biologically motivated models of sensory integration suggesting a universal power law for the brain control and balance of motor responses to environmental stimuli from any sensory modality to inspire adaptive systems design.
Published: 2013
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29. Afferent projections to the rat locus coeruleus demonstrated by retrograde and anterograde tracing with cholera-toxin B subunit and Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin

Author: Hideo Akaoka, Michel Jouvet, Pierre-Hervé Luppi, Guy Chouvet, Gary Aston-Jones, Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, Cholera Toxin, Median raphe nucleus, MESH: Rats, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Medial vestibular nucleus, Hypothalamus, MESH: Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Biology, MESH: Phytohemagglutinins, Supraoptic nucleus, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, MESH: Locus Coeruleus, MESH: Afferent Pathways, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Dorsal raphe nucleus, Animals, MESH: Animals, Lateral parabrachial nucleus, Phytohemagglutinins, MESH: Brain Mapping, MESH: Cholera Toxin, 030304 developmental biology, Afferent Pathways, Brain Mapping, 0303 health sciences, General Neuroscience, Central nucleus of the amygdala, MESH: Immunohistochemistry, Anatomy, Immunohistochemistry, MESH: Hypothalamus, MESH: Male, Rats, nervous system, Locus coeruleus, Locus Coeruleus, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; The aim of this study was to examine the afferents to the rat locus coeruleus by means of retrograde and anterograde tracing experiments using cholera-toxin B subunit and phaseolus leucoagglutinin. To obtain reliable injections of cholera-toxin B in the locus coeruleus, electrophysiological recordings were made through glass micropipettes containing the tracer and the noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus were identified by their characteristic discharge properties. After iontophoretic injections of cholera-toxin B into the nuclear core of the locus coeruleus, we observed a substantial number of retrogradely labeled cells in the lateral paragigantocellular nucleus and the dorsomedial rostral medulla (ventromedial prepositus hypoglossi and dorsal paragigantocellular nuclei) as previously described. We also saw a substantial number of retrogradely labeled neurons in (1) the preoptic area dorsal to the supraoptic nucleus, (2) areas of the posterior hypothalamus, (3) the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus, (4) mesencephalic reticular formation. Fewer labeled cells were also observed in other regions including the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, dorsal raphe nucleus, median raphe nucleus, dorsal part of the periaqueductal gray, the area of the noradrenergic A5 group, the lateral parabrachial nucleus and the caudoventrolateral reticular nucleus. No or only occasional cells were found in the cortex, the central nucleus of the amygdala, the lateral part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the vestibular nuclei, the nucleus of the solitary tract or the spinal cord, structures which were previously reported as inputs to the locus coeruleus. Control injections of cholera-toxin B were made in areas surrounding the locus coeruleus, including (1) Barrington's nucleus, (2) the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, (3) a previously undefined area immediately rostral to the locus coeruleus and medial to the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus that we named the peri-mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, and (4) the medial vestibular nucleus lateral to the caudal tip of the locus coeruleus. These injections yielded patterns of retrograde labeling that differed from one another and also from that obtained with cholera-toxin B injection sites in the locus coeruleus. These results indicate that the area surrounding the locus coeruleus is divided into individual nuclei with distinct afferents. These results were confirmed and extended with anterograde transport of cholera-toxin B or phaseolus leucoagglutinin. Injections of these tracers in the lateral paragigantocellular nucleus, preoptic area dorsal to the supraoptic nucleus, the ventrolateral part of the periaqueductal gray, the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus yielded a substantial to large number of labeled fibers in the nuclear core of the locus coeruleus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Published: 1995
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30. Alteration of global workspace during loss of consciousness: a study of parietal seizures

Author: Lambert, Isabelle, Arthuis, Marie, Mcgonigal, Aileen, Wendling, Fabrice, Bartolomei, Fabrice, Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image (LTSI), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Time Factors, Adolescent, Consciousness, Electroencephalography Phase Synchronization, Unconsciousness, MESH: Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Unconsciousness, MESH: Regression Analysis, Statistics, Nonparametric, Parietal cortex, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Seizures, Parietal Lobe, MESH: Electroencephalography, Humans, Partial epilepsy, MESH: Brain Mapping, MESH: Adolescent, Brain Mapping, MESH: Parietal Lobe, MESH: Statistics, Nonparametric, MESH: Humans, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Time Factors, Electroencephalography, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Adult, MESH: Electroencephalography Phase Synchronization, Middle Aged, MESH: Seizures, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Male, Synchrony, Regression Analysis, Female, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; PURPOSE: Loss of consciousness (LOC) in epileptic seizures has a strongly negative impact on quality of life. Recently, we showed that LOC occurring during temporal lobe seizures was correlated with a nonlinear increase of neural synchrony in associative--and particularly parietal--cortices. Whether these mechanisms might be observed in other types of seizures is unknown. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between changes in synchrony and degree of LOC during parietal lobe epilepsy (PLE), a form of epilepsy in which seizures directly involve the parietal associative cortices. METHODS: Ten patients undergoing stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) during presurgical evaluation of PLE were studied. The LOC intensity was scored using the Conscious Seizure Scale (CSS). For each studied seizure (n = 29), interdependencies between signals recorded from six brain regions were estimated as a function of time by using nonlinear regression analysis (h(2) coefficient). KEY FINDINGS: Seizures were divided into three groups according to the CSS scale: group A (no LOC) with a score ≤1, group B (intermediate or partial LOC) with a score ranging from 2 to 5, and group C (maximal LOC) with a score ≥6. The majority of seizures in patients with PLE disclosed significant LOC (17/29, group C). Mean h(2) values were significantly different between the three groups (p = 0.008), the maximal values of synchrony being observed in group C. In addition, a statistically significant nonlinear relationship (p = 0.0021) was found between the h(2) values and the CSS scores, suggesting a threshold effect. SIGNIFICANCE: This study indicates that excess of EEG signal synchrony within associative cortices is likely to be a crucial phenomenon associated with LOC.
Published: 2012
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31. Changes in interictal spike features precede the onset of temporal lobe epilepsy

Author: Safia S. Siyoucef, Viktor K. Jirsa, Fabrice Bartolomei, Christophe Bernard, Antoine Ghestem, Thomas Doublet, Raoul Huys, Laetitia Chauvière, Fabrice Wendling, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image (LTSI), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Male, Time Factors, Action Potentials, Electroencephalography, Epileptogenesis, Epilepsy, Status Epilepticus, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Animals, MESH: Action Potentials, MESH: Brain Mapping, Brain Mapping, 0303 health sciences, Kainic Acid, medicine.diagnostic_test, Pilocarpine, MESH: Nonlinear Dynamics, Neurology, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], medicine.symptom, Psychology, MESH: Rats, Context (language use), Status epilepticus, Temporal lobe, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Electroencephalography, medicine, Animals, Ictal, Rats, Wistar, Electrodes, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Brain Waves, MESH: Time Factors, Spike-and-wave, MESH: Rats, Wistar, MESH: Electrodes, MESH: Kainic Acid, medicine.disease, Brain Waves, MESH: Pilocarpine, MESH: Male, Rats, Disease Models, Animal, MESH: Status Epilepticus, Nonlinear Dynamics, Neurology (clinical), MESH: Disease Models, Animal, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Objective: One cornerstone event during epileptogenesis is the occurrence of the first spontaneous seizure (SZ1). It is therefore important to identify biomarkers of the network alterations leading to SZ1. In experimental models of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), interictal-like activity (ILA) precedes SZ1 by several days. The goal of this study was to determine whether ILA dynamics bore electrophysiological features signaling the impeding transition to SZ1. Methods: Experimental TLE was triggered by pilocarpine- or kainic acid-induced status epilepticus (SE). Continuous electroencephalographic recordings were performed 7 days before and up to 40 days after SE. The amplitude and duration of the spike and wave components of interictal spikes were analyzed. Results: Two types of interictal spikes were distinguished: type 1, with a spike followed by a long-lasting wave, and type 2, with a spike without wave. The number, amplitude, and duration of type 1 spikes started to decrease, whereas the number of type 2 spikes increased, several days before SZ1, reaching their minimum/maximum values just before SZ1. Interpretation: The change in ILA pattern could constitute a predictive biomarker of SZ1. The mechanisms underlying these dynamic modifications and their functional impact are discussed in the context of the construction of an epileptogenic network. ANN NEUROL 2012;71:805–814
Published: 2012
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32. High-resolution EEG analysis of power spectral density maps and coherence networks in a proportional reasoning task

Author: Maja Planinić, Stavroula Margeti, Giovanni Vecchiato, Selma Supek, Anton Giulio Maglione, Fabrizio De Vico Fallani, Ana Susac, Fabio Babiloni, Fondazione Santa Lucia [IRCCS], Clinical and Behavioral Neurology [IRCCS Santa Lucia], Equipe Perception et cognition musicales, Sciences et Technologies de la Musique et du Son (STMS), Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique (IRCAM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique (IRCAM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and De Vico Fallani, Fabrizio
Subjects: Male, Brain activity and meditation, Electroencephalography, Task (project management), Thinking, 0302 clinical medicine, Task Performance and Analysis, MESH: Brain Mapping, Mathematics, Cerebral Cortex, MESH: Thinking, Brain Mapping, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, medicine.diagnostic_test, high resolution EEG, oscillations, functional cortical connectivity, graph theory, logical reasoning, balance scale task, mental arithmetic, frontal and parietal cortex, 05 social sciences, Coherence (statistics), Neurology, Female, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Anatomy, Adult, Logical reasoning, Logic, Proportional reasoning, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Logic, MESH: Electroencephalography, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, functional connectivity, high-resolution eeg, [SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, MESH: Brain Waves, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Mathematics, Spectral density, Pattern recognition, MESH: Adult, MESH: Task Performance and Analysis, Neurophysiology, Brain Waves, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, MESH: Male, MESH: Nerve Net, Neurology (clinical), Artificial intelligence, Nerve Net, business, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Proportional reasoning is very important logical skill required in mathematics and science problem solving as well as in everyday life decisions. However, there is a lack of studies on neurophysiological correlates of proportional reasoning. To explore the brain activity of healthy adults while performing a balance scale task, we used high-resolution EEG techniques and graph-theory based connectivity analysis. After unskilled subjects learned how to properly solve the task, their cortical power spectral density (PSD) maps revealed an increased parietal activity in the beta band. This indicated that subjects started to perform calculations. In addition, the number of inter-hemispheric connections decreased after learning, implying a rearrangement of the brain activity. Repeated performance of the task led to the PSD decrease in the beta and gamma bands among parietal and frontal regions along with a synchronization of lower frequencies. These findings suggest that repetition led to a more automatic task performance. Subjects were also divided in two groups according to their scores on the test of logical thinking (TOLT). Although no group differences in the accuracy and reaction times were found, EEG data showed higher activity in the beta and gamma bands for the group that scored better on TOLT. Learning and repetition induced changes in the pattern of functional connectivity were evident for all frequency bands. Overall, the results indicated that higher frequency oscillations in frontal and parietal regions are particularly important for proportional reasoning.
Published: 2012

33. BEaST: brain extraction based on nonlocal segmentation technique

Author: Vladimir Fonov, D. Louis Collins, Brandon Whitcher, Hakon Grydeland, Pierrick Coupe, Yongxia (Sharon) Zhou, Lasse Riis Østergaard, Pierre Payoux, Simon Eskildsen, Jeffrey Looi, Eric Jouvent, Jens Pruessner, Harald Hampel, Christian Gaser, Freimut Juengling, Herve Lemaitre, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (MNI), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Aalborg University [Denmark] (AAU), ITACA, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Dementia Research Centre [London] (DRC), University College of London [London] (UCL), This work has been supported by funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research MOP-84360 & MOP-111169 as well as CDA (CECR)-Gevas-OE016. KKL acknowledges support from the MRC, ARUK and the NIHR. The Dementia Research Centre is an Alzheimer's Research UK Co-ordinating Centre and has also received equipment funded by the Alzheimer's Research UK. This work has been partially supported by the Spanish Health Institute Carlos III through the RETICS Combiomed, RD07/0067/2001., The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Coupé, Pierrick, Neurology, ANS - Amsterdam Neuroscience, and AMS - Amsterdam Movement Sciences
Subjects: Male, Databases, Factual, Computer science, MESH: Quality Control, [INFO.INFO-IM] Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Brain mapping, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, multi-resolution, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], [STAT.AP] Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], Alzheimer Centre [DCN PAC - Perception action and control NCEBP 11], Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, skull stripping, Segmentation, Computer vision, False Negative Reactions, MESH: Brain Mapping, MESH: False Negative Reactions, Brain Mapping, [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], Skull stripping, medicine.diagnostic_test, patch-based segmentation, Brain, Reference Standards, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, 3. Good health, MESH: Reproducibility of Results, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Patch-based segmentation, MESH: Young Adult, Multi-resolution, Female, MESH: Reference Standards, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Algorithms, MRI, Adult, Quality Control, Brain development, Adolescent, MESH: Computers, [INFO.INFO-TS] Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Cognitive Neuroscience, Image processing, MESH: Algorithms, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Software, MESH: Brain, Neuroimaging, Atlas (anatomy), medicine, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Humans, False Positive Reactions, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Alzheimer Centre [NCEBP 11], Brain extraction, [SPI.SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, MESH: Adolescent, [SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, MESH: Humans, MESH: False Positive Reactions, Computers, business.industry, Brain morphometry, Reproducibility of Results, Magnetic resonance imaging, Pattern recognition, MESH: Adult, Image segmentation, BET, MESH: Databases, Factual, MESH: Male, [STAT.ML] Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], FISICA APLICADA, Artificial intelligence, business, MESH: Female, Software, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Brain extraction is an important step in the analysis of brain images. The variability in brain morphology and the difference in intensity characteristics due to imaging sequences make the development of a general purpose brain extraction algorithm challenging. To address this issue, we propose a new robust method (BEaST) dedicated to produce consistent and accurate brain extraction. This method is based on nonlocal segmentation embedded in a multi-resolution framework. A library of 80 priors is semi-automatically constructed from the NIH-sponsored MRI study of normal brain development, the International Consortium for Brain Mapping, and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative databases. In testing, a mean Dice similarity coefficient of 0.9834 ± 0.0053 was obtained when performing leave-one-out cross validation selecting only 20 priors from the library. Validation using the online Segmentation Validation Engine resulted in a top ranking position with a mean Dice coefficient of 0.9781 ± 0.0047. Robustness of BEaST is demonstrated on all baseline ADNI data, resulting in a very low failure rate. The segmentation accuracy of the method is better than two widely used publicly available methods and recent state-of-the-art hybrid approaches. BEaST provides results comparable to a recent label fusion approach, while being 40 times faster and requiring a much smaller library of priors., Data collection and sharing for this project was funded by the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) (National Institutes of Health Grant U01 AG024904). ADNI is funded by the National Institute on Aging, the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, and through generous contributions from the following: Abbott, AstraZeneca AB, Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eisai Global Clinical Development, Elan Corporation, Genentech, GE Healthcare, GlaxoSmithKline, Innogenetics, Johnson and Johnson, Eli Lilly and Co., Medpace, Inc., Merck and Co., Inc., Novartis AG, Pfizer Inc, F. Hoffman-La Roche, Schering-Plough, Synarc, Inc., as well as non-profit partners the Alzheimer's Association and Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation, with participation from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Private sector contributions to ADNI are facilitated by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (www.fnih.org). The grantee organization is the Northern California Institute for Research and Education, and the study is coordinated by the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study at the University of California, San Diego. ADNI data are disseminated by the Laboratory for Neuro Imaging at the University of California, Los Angeles. This research was also supported by NIH grants P30AG010129, K01 AG030514, and the Dana Foundation.
Published: 2012
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34. Dynamic causal modeling of spatiotemporal integration of phonological and semantic processes: an electroencephalographic study

Author: Yvert, Gaëtan, Perrone-Bertolotti, Marcela, Baciu, Monica, David, Olivier, David, Olivier, INSERM U836, équipe 11, Fonctions cérébrales et neuromodulation, Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition (LPNC), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Clinique de Neuroradiologie et Unité IRM, CHU Grenoble-CHU Grenoble, and Région Rhône-Alpes
Subjects: MESH: Humans, MESH: Phonetics, MESH: Adult, MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Semantics, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, MESH: Male, MESH: Reaction Time, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Nonlinear Dynamics, MESH: Evoked Potentials, MESH: Photic Stimulation, MESH: Models, Neurological, MESH: Young Adult, MESH: Electroencephalography, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH: Female, MESH: Brain Mapping
Abstract: International audience; Integration of phonological and lexicosemantic processes is essential for visual word recognition. Here we used dynamic causal modeling of event-related potentials, combined with group source reconstruction, to estimate how those processes translate into context-dependent modulation of effective connectivity within the temporal-frontal language network. Fifteen healthy human subjects performed a phoneme detection task in pseudo-words and a semantic categorization task in words. Cortical current densities revealed the sequential activation of temporal regions, from the occipital-temporal junction toward the anterior temporal lobe, before reaching the inferior frontal gyrus. A difference of activation between phonology and semantics was identified in the anterior temporal lobe within the 240-300 ms peristimulus time window. Dynamic causal modeling indicated this increase of activation of the anterior temporal lobe in the semantic condition as a consequence of an increase of forward connectivity from the posterior inferior temporal lobe to the anterior temporal lobe. In addition, fast activation of the inferior frontal region, which allowed a feedback control of frontal regions on the superior temporal and posterior inferior temporal cortices, was found to be likely. Our results precisely describe spatiotemporal network mechanisms occurring during integration of phonological and semantic processes. In particular, they support the hypothesis of multiple pathways within the temporal lobe for language processing, where frontal regions would exert a top-down control on temporal regions in the recruitment of the anterior temporal lobe for semantic processing.
Published: 2012
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35. Forebrain mapping of secretoneurin-like immunoreactivity and its colocalization with isotocin in the preoptic nucleus and pituitary gland of goldfish

Author: Vance L. Trudeau, Olivier Kah, G. C. Lopez, K. Lesaux-Farmer, Emilia Scharrig, Luis Fabián Canosa, G.M. Somoza, Interactions cellulaires et moléculaires (ICM), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, Oxytocin, MESH: Goldfish, MESH: Neuropeptides, pituitary, MESH: Prosencephalon, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Pituitary Gland, Neural Pathways, Tissue Distribution, MESH: Animals, hypothalamus, goldfish, MESH: Brain Mapping, 0303 health sciences, Brain Mapping, secretoneurin, teleost, General Neuroscience, medicine.anatomical_structure, Hypothalamus, Secretogranin II, Pituitary Gland, immunohistochemistry, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], preoptic nucleus, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, prolactin, Neuropeptide, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Prosencephalon, Anterior pituitary, MESH: Preoptic Area, Internal medicine, medicine, MESH: Oxytocin, Animals, MESH: Tissue Distribution, 030304 developmental biology, Secretoneurin, MESH: Neural Pathways, Neuropeptides, MESH: Immunohistochemistry, Preoptic Area, MESH: Male, Endocrinology, nervous system, Forebrain, MESH: Secretogranin II, Periventricular nucleus, Nucleus, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Secretoneurin, a 33-34 amino acid neuropeptide derived from the proteolytic processing of the secretogranin-II precursor protein, is reasonably well conserved in evolution. Goldfish secretoneurin shares >75% similarity overall with other vertebrate secretoneurin sequences. The secretoneurin peptide has numerous functions that include neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter release, and neuroendocrine regulation. A detailed description of the central distribution of secretoneurin immunoreactivity is only known for the rat. Using our polyclonal antibody against the central, conserved core of the secretoneurin peptide we studied the distribution of secretoneurin-like immunoreactivity in the goldfish brain. Secretoneurin immunoreactivity was found in the olfactory bulb, entopeduncular nucleus, preoptic nucleus, lateral part of the lateral tuberal nucleus, posterior periventricular nucleus, nucleus of the posterior recess, the nucleus of the saccus vasculosus, and nucleus isthmi. Secretoneurin-immunoreactive fibers were found in the dorsal part of the dorsal telencephalon, ventral and lateral parts of the ventral telencephalon, periventricular preoptic nucleus, pituitary, and the ventrocaudal aspect of the nucleus of the lateral recess. The most conspicuous secretoneurin immunoreactivity was found in the magnocellular and parvocellular cells of the preoptic nucleus that project to the pituitary. Double-labeling studies indicated coexpression with isotocin, the fish homolog of mammalian oxytocin. Clear colabeling for secretoneurin and isotocin in fibers terminating in the neurointermediate lobe suggests that secretoneurin maybe coreleased with isotocin. Previous work indicates that secretoneurin stimulates the release of luteinizing hormone from the goldfish anterior pituitary. Our findings further support a reproductive role for secretoneurin and related peptides, given the importance of oxytocin family peptides in reproductive behavior in vertebrates.
Published: 2011
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36. Sleep contributes to the strengthening of some memories over others, depending on hippocampal activity at learning. : Sleep, the hippocampus and memory consolidation

Author: Christine Bastin, Brigitte Landeau, Pierre Maquet, André Luxen, Fabienne Collette, Dorothée Feyers, Géraldine Rauchs, Cyclotron Research Centre, Université de Liège, Neuropsychologie cognitive et neuroanatomie fonctionnelles de la mémoire humaine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Cognitive and Behavioural Neuroscience Centre, This research was supported by the Belgian Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS), the Fondation Médicale Reine Elisabeth (FMRE), the Research Fund of the University of Liège and 'Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme - Belgian State - Belgian Science Policy'., Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), and Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM )
Subjects: Male, MESH: Decision Making, MESH: Hippocampus, hippocampus, MESH : Aged, MESH : Recognition (Psychology), MESH: Mental Recall, MESH: Cognition, MESH : Hippocampus, Brain mapping, Memorization, MESH: Semantics, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH : Semantics, MESH: Memory, fMRI, MESH: Sleep Deprivation, MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Recognition (Psychology), memory consolidation, MESH: Photic Stimulation, MESH: Young Adult, MESH : Cognition, MESH : Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Oxygen, MESH: Sleep, MESH : Sleep, MESH : Young Adult, MESH: Reading, Statistics, Nonparametric, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH : Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Encoding (memory), Reaction Time, Humans, MESH: Humans, MESH : Cues, MESH : Mental Recall, MESH : Humans, Recognition, Psychology, MESH: Adult, sleep deprivation, Oxygen, MESH : Reaction Time, Mental Recall, MESH : Intelligence Tests, MESH: Intelligence Tests, MESH: Female, Photic Stimulation, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, MESH: Alzheimer Disease, MESH: Cues, MESH : Oxygen, MESH : Brain Mapping, MESH : Alzheimer Disease, MESH : Photic Stimulation, Hippocampus, MESH : Analysis of Variance, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, MESH : Female, MESH : Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration, MESH: Brain Mapping, MESH: Aged, Brain Mapping, MESH: Statistics, Nonparametric, General Neuroscience, MESH : Memory, 05 social sciences, Motivated forgetting, MESH: Neuropsychological Tests, MESH : Adult, Verbal Learning, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH : Neuropsychological Tests, MESH : Verbal Learning, Female, Memory consolidation, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Sleep (system call), MESH: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Cognitive psychology, Adult, MESH : Male, 050105 experimental psychology, directed forgetting, Young Adult, MESH: Analysis of Variance, medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, sleep, MESH : Statistics, Nonparametric, Analysis of Variance, MESH : Sleep Deprivation, MESH : Reading, MESH: Verbal Learning, MESH : Decision Making, MESH: Male, MESH: Reaction Time, Sleep deprivation, [ SDV.NEU ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]
Abstract: International audience; Memory consolidation benefits from sleep. In addition to strengthening some memory traces, another crucial, albeit overlooked, function of memory is to erase irrelevant information. Directed forgetting is an experimental approach consisting in presenting "to be remembered" and "to be forgotten" information that allows selectively decreasing or increasing the strength of individual memory traces according to the instruction provided at learning. This paradigm was used in combination with functional MRI to determine, in humans, what specifically triggers at encoding sleep-dependent compared with time-dependent consolidation. Our data indicate that relevant items that subjects strived to memorize are consolidated during sleep to a greater extent than items that participants did not intend to learn. This process appears to depend on a differential activation of the hippocampus at encoding, which acts as a signal for the offline reprocessing of relevant memories during postlearning sleep episodes.
Published: 2011
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37. Dynamic causal modeling of subcortical connectivity of language

Author: David, Olivier, Maess, Burkhard, Eckstein, Korinna, Friederici, Angela, INSERM U836, équipe 11, Fonctions cérébrales et neuromodulation, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Neuropsychology [Leipzig], Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences [Leipzig] (IMPNSC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, O.D. was funded by Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR-09-EMER-006)., and David, Olivier
Subjects: MESH: Magnetoencephalography, MESH: Bayes Theorem, deep source, MESH: Acoustic Stimulation, MESH: Comprehension, MESH: Monte Carlo Method, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Brain, prosody, MESH: Electroencephalography, MESH: Functional Laterality, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], syntax, MESH: Brain Mapping, MESH: Humans, MESH: Neural Pathways, language processing, Magnetoencephalography, MESH: Adult, MESH: Male, MESH: Nonlinear Dynamics, MESH: Evoked Potentials, MESH: Young Adult, MESH: Language, Dynamic causal modeling, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; Subcortical-cortical interactions in the language network were investigated using dynamic causal modeling of magnetoencephalographic data recorded during auditory comprehension. Participants heard sentences that either were correct or contained violations. Sentences containing violations had syntactic or prosodic violations or both. We show that a hidden source, modeling magnetically silent deep nuclei, is required to explain the data best. This is in line with recent brain imaging studies and intracranial recordings suggesting an involvement of subcortical structures in language processing. Here, the processing of syntactic and prosodic violations elicited a global increase in the amplitude of evoked responses, both at the cortical and subcortical levels. As estimated by Bayesian model averaging, this was accompanied by various changes in cortical-cortical and subcortical-cortical connectivity. The most consistent findings in relation to violations were a decrease of reentrant inputs to Heschl's gyrus (HG) and of transcallosal lateral connections. These results suggest that in conditions where one hemisphere detects a violation, possibly via fast thalamocortical (HG) loops, the intercallosal connectivity is reduced to allow independent processing of syntax (left hemisphere) and of prosody (right hemisphere). This study is the first demonstration in cognitive neuroscience that subcortical-cortical loops can be empirically investigated using noninvasive electrophysiological recordings.
Published: 2011
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38. Sleep contributes to the strengthening of some memories over others, depending on hippocampal activity at learning

Author: Rauchs, Géraldine, Feyers, Dorothée, Landeau, Brigitte, Bastin, Christine, Luxen, André, Maquet, Pierre, Collette, Fabienne, Cyclotron Research Centre, Université de Liège, Neuropsychologie cognitive et neuroanatomie fonctionnelles de la mémoire humaine, Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Cognitive and Behavioural Neuroscience Centre, This research was supported by the Belgian Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS), the Fondation Médicale Reine Elisabeth (FMRE), the Research Fund of the University of Liège and 'Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme - Belgian State - Belgian Science Policy'., Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)
Subjects: MESH: Decision Making, MESH: Hippocampus, MESH : Oxygen, hippocampus, MESH : Brain Mapping, MESH : Aged, MESH : Recognition (Psychology), MESH: Mental Recall, MESH : Alzheimer Disease, MESH : Photic Stimulation, MESH: Cognition, MESH : Analysis of Variance, MESH : Hippocampus, MESH: Semantics, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH : Female, MESH: Memory, MESH : Semantics, MESH : Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration, MESH: Brain Mapping, MESH: Aged, MESH: Statistics, Nonparametric, fMRI, MESH : Memory, MESH: Neuropsychological Tests, MESH: Sleep Deprivation, MESH : Adult, MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Recognition (Psychology), MESH : Neuropsychological Tests, MESH: Photic Stimulation, memory consolidation, MESH: Young Adult, MESH : Cognition, MESH : Verbal Learning, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration, MESH: Oxygen, MESH : Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Sleep, MESH : Sleep, MESH : Male, MESH : Young Adult, MESH: Reading, directed forgetting, MESH: Analysis of Variance, MESH : Magnetic Resonance Imaging, sleep, MESH : Statistics, Nonparametric, MESH: Humans, MESH : Cues, MESH : Sleep Deprivation, MESH : Mental Recall, MESH : Humans, MESH: Adult, MESH : Reading, MESH: Verbal Learning, sleep deprivation, MESH: Male, MESH : Decision Making, MESH: Reaction Time, MESH : Reaction Time, [ SDV.NEU ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH : Intelligence Tests, MESH: Intelligence Tests, MESH: Female, MESH: Alzheimer Disease, MESH: Cues
Abstract: International audience; Memory consolidation benefits from sleep. In addition to strengthening some memory traces, another crucial, albeit overlooked, function of memory is to erase irrelevant information. Directed forgetting is an experimental approach consisting in presenting "to be remembered" and "to be forgotten" information that allows selectively decreasing or increasing the strength of individual memory traces according to the instruction provided at learning. This paradigm was used in combination with functional MRI to determine, in humans, what specifically triggers at encoding sleep-dependent compared with time-dependent consolidation. Our data indicate that relevant items that subjects strived to memorize are consolidated during sleep to a greater extent than items that participants did not intend to learn. This process appears to depend on a differential activation of the hippocampus at encoding, which acts as a signal for the offline reprocessing of relevant memories during postlearning sleep episodes.
Published: 2011
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39. Dynamic causal modeling of subcortical connectivity of language

Author: David, Olivier, Maess, Burkhard, Eckstein, Korinna, Friederici, Angela, INSERM U836, équipe 11, Fonctions cérébrales et neuromodulation, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Neuropsychology [Leipzig], Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences [Leipzig] (IMPNSC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, and O.D. was funded by Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR-09-EMER-006).
Subjects: MESH: Magnetoencephalography, MESH: Bayes Theorem, deep source, MESH: Acoustic Stimulation, MESH: Comprehension, MESH: Monte Carlo Method, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Brain, prosody, MESH: Electroencephalography, MESH: Functional Laterality, syntax, MESH: Brain Mapping, MESH: Humans, MESH: Neural Pathways, language processing, Magnetoencephalography, MESH: Adult, MESH: Male, MESH: Nonlinear Dynamics, MESH: Evoked Potentials, MESH: Young Adult, MESH: Language, Dynamic causal modeling, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; Subcortical-cortical interactions in the language network were investigated using dynamic causal modeling of magnetoencephalographic data recorded during auditory comprehension. Participants heard sentences that either were correct or contained violations. Sentences containing violations had syntactic or prosodic violations or both. We show that a hidden source, modeling magnetically silent deep nuclei, is required to explain the data best. This is in line with recent brain imaging studies and intracranial recordings suggesting an involvement of subcortical structures in language processing. Here, the processing of syntactic and prosodic violations elicited a global increase in the amplitude of evoked responses, both at the cortical and subcortical levels. As estimated by Bayesian model averaging, this was accompanied by various changes in cortical-cortical and subcortical-cortical connectivity. The most consistent findings in relation to violations were a decrease of reentrant inputs to Heschl's gyrus (HG) and of transcallosal lateral connections. These results suggest that in conditions where one hemisphere detects a violation, possibly via fast thalamocortical (HG) loops, the intercallosal connectivity is reduced to allow independent processing of syntax (left hemisphere) and of prosody (right hemisphere). This study is the first demonstration in cognitive neuroscience that subcortical-cortical loops can be empirically investigated using noninvasive electrophysiological recordings.
Published: 2011
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40. Sleep contributes to the strengthening of some memories over others, depending on hippocampal activity at learning

Author: Rauchs, Géraldine, Feyers, Dorothée, Landeau, Brigitte, Bastin, Christine, Luxen, André, Maquet, Pierre, Collette, Fabienne, Eustache, Francis, Cyclotron Research Centre, Université de Liège, Neuropsychologie cognitive et neuroanatomie fonctionnelles de la mémoire humaine, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Cognitive and Behavioural Neuroscience Centre, and This research was supported by the Belgian Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS), the Fondation Médicale Reine Elisabeth (FMRE), the Research Fund of the University of Liège and 'Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme - Belgian State - Belgian Science Policy'.
Subjects: MESH: Decision Making, MESH: Hippocampus, MESH: Sleep, hippocampus, MESH: Mental Recall, MESH: Cognition, MESH: Reading, directed forgetting, MESH: Semantics, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Analysis of Variance, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH: Memory, sleep, MESH: Brain Mapping, MESH: Aged, MESH: Statistics, Nonparametric, MESH: Humans, fMRI, MESH: Neuropsychological Tests, MESH: Adult, MESH: Sleep Deprivation, MESH: Verbal Learning, sleep deprivation, MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Recognition (Psychology), MESH: Male, MESH: Reaction Time, memory consolidation, MESH: Photic Stimulation, MESH: Young Adult, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration, MESH: Intelligence Tests, MESH: Female, MESH: Alzheimer Disease, MESH: Oxygen, MESH: Cues
Abstract: International audience; Memory consolidation benefits from sleep. In addition to strengthening some memory traces, another crucial, albeit overlooked, function of memory is to erase irrelevant information. Directed forgetting is an experimental approach consisting in presenting "to be remembered" and "to be forgotten" information that allows selectively decreasing or increasing the strength of individual memory traces according to the instruction provided at learning. This paradigm was used in combination with functional MRI to determine, in humans, what specifically triggers at encoding sleep-dependent compared with time-dependent consolidation. Our data indicate that relevant items that subjects strived to memorize are consolidated during sleep to a greater extent than items that participants did not intend to learn. This process appears to depend on a differential activation of the hippocampus at encoding, which acts as a signal for the offline reprocessing of relevant memories during postlearning sleep episodes.
Published: 2011
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41. Basal forebrain stimulation facilitates tone-evoked responses in the auditory cortex of awake rat

Author: Jean-Marc Edeline, Bernard Hars, Elizabeth Hennevin, C. Maho, Neurobiologie de l'apprentissage, de la mémoire et de la communication (NAMC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
Subjects: Atropine, Male, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, MESH: Neurons, Stimulation, Functional Laterality, MESH: Prosencephalon, 0302 clinical medicine, Cortex (anatomy), MESH: Animals, Evoked potential, MESH: Brain Mapping, Neurons, Brain Mapping, 0303 health sciences, Basal forebrain, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, General Neuroscience, MESH: Electric Stimulation, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, MESH: Evoked Potentials, Auditory, medicine.anatomical_structure, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, MESH: Rats, MESH: Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory cortex, MESH: Atropine, 03 medical and health sciences, Prosencephalon, medicine, Animals, MESH: Functional Laterality, Rats, Wistar, Wakefulness, Cholinergic neuron, 030304 developmental biology, Auditory Cortex, business.industry, MESH: Rats, Wistar, Electric Stimulation, MESH: Male, Rats, MESH: Wakefulness, Electrophysiology, Acoustic Stimulation, Cholinergic, MESH: Auditory Cortex, business, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; The effects of unilateral basal forebrain stimulation on the tone-evoked responses recorded in the auditory cortex ipsilateral and contralateral to the stimulation site, were investigated in fully awake rats. After 10 tone alone presentations, 20 pairing trials were given during which the basal forebrain stimulation was followed by the tone 30 ms later. Ten test-tones were presented immediately, 15 min and 1 h after pairing. Immediately after pairing, the short-latency "on" and "off" tone-evoked responses were enhanced in the ipsilateral but not in the contralateral cortex. This enhancement did not persist 15 min later. Systemic atropine injection prevented the ipsilateral facilitation. The responses to the tone were not modified when tested after 20 basal forebrain stimulations delivered in the absence of the tone. These results are the first demonstration in awake animals that an activation of the auditory cortex by cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain is able to facilitate cortical responsiveness. A temporal contiguity between the cholinergic activation and the neuronal discharges elicited by the sensory stimulus is required for the facilitation to take place. The results are compared to previous ones obtained in anesthetized animals, and the functional role of cholinergic activation from the basal forebrain in cortical processing is discussed.
Published: 1993
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42. Decrease of prefrontal metabolism after subthalamic stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a positron emission tomography study

Author: Julie Anne Peron, Mircea Polosan, Florence Le Jeune, Denys Fontaine, Sophie Tezenas du Montcel, Marie-Odile Krebs, Antoine Pelissolo, Aurélie Bourguignon, Dominique Drapier, Nicolas Baup, Bertrand Devaux, Paul Sauleau, Bruno Millet, Sylvie Raoul, Nematollah Jaafari, Isabelle Chereau, Etienne Garin, Marc Vérin, Emmanuelle Leray, Luc Mallet, K. N’Diaye, Jérôme Yelnik, Département de médecine nucléaire [Rennes], CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC), Comportement et noyaux gris centraux = Behavior and Basal Ganglia [Rennes], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Institut des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes (INCR), Service de Neurologie [Rennes] = Neurology [Rennes], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de psychiatrie, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Hôpital Guillaume Régnier, Service de santé publique et d'épidémiologie, Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Hôpital Sainte-Anne, CIC AP-HP (pitie-Salpetriere)/inserm, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), ANTE-INSERM U836, équipe 11, Fonctions cérébrales et neuromodulation, CHU Grenoble-CHU Grenoble, Service de Neurochirurgie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de physiologie, Service de neurochirurgie, CIC - Poitiers, Université de Poitiers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers)-Direction Générale de l'Organisation des Soins (DGOS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), This study was supported by a grant from Medtronic to Dr. Millet., French Stimulation dans le trouble obsessionnel compulsif (STOC) study group, Pollak, Pierre, David, Olivier, Université de Rennes (UR)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Institut des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes (INCR), Laboratoire de psychologie cognitive et sociale (LPCS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), The French Stimulation dans le trouble obsessionnel compulsif (STOC) study group, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes (INCR), Recherche en Pharmaco-épidémiologie et Recours aux Soins (REPERES), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), EA Management des Organisations de Santé (EA MOS), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de psychiatrie adulte [CHU Pitié-Salpêtière], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Psychiatrie, CHU Grenoble, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Service de neurochirurgie [Rennes] = Neurosurgery [Rennes], Microenvironnement et remodelage, Service de médecine nucléaire [Rennes], CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC)-CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC)-Foie, métabolismes et cancer, Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Régnier (CHGR), CH Régnier, Université de Rennes (UR)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Institut des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes = Institute of Clinical Neurosciences of Rennes (INCR), CRLCC Eugène Marquis ( CRLCC ), Comportement et noyaux gris centraux [Rennes], Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Institut des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes (INCR), Service de Neurologie [Rennes], Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière ( CRICM ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Service d'informatique médicale, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), CHU Nice, Université de Poitiers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers ( CHU Poitiers ) -Direction Générale de l'Organisation des Soins (DGOS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Institut des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes (INCR)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Service de neurochirurgie [Rennes], Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )
Subjects: Male, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Deep Brain Stimulation, medicine.medical_treatment, MESH : Prefrontal Cortex, Severity of Illness Index, 0302 clinical medicine, obsessive compulsive disorder, MESH : Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, MESH : Gyrus Cinguli, MESH: Treatment Outcome, subthalamic nucleus, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, 3. Good health, MESH: Adult Brain Mapping Cross-Over Studies Deep Brain Stimulation Double-Blind Method Female Gyrus Cinguli/radionuclide imaging Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted Male Middle Aged Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/radionuclide imaging* Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/therapy* Positron-Emission Tomography Prefrontal Cortex/radionuclide imaging* Severity of Illness Index Statistics, Nonparametric Subthalamic Nucleus/surgery* Treatment Outcome, MESH : Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, medicine.medical_specialty, Deep brain stimulation, behavioral disciplines and activities, Statistics, Nonparametric, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Severity of Illness Index, MESH: Gyrus Cinguli, MESH : Double-Blind Method, Humans, MESH : Middle Aged, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Biological Psychiatry, MESH: Subthalamic Nucleus, MESH: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, MESH: Humans, MESH : Deep Brain Stimulation, MESH : Humans, MESH : Positron-Emission Tomography, MESH: Adult, nervous system diseases, 030227 psychiatry, Subthalamic Nucleus/surgery, nervous system, Positron-Emission Tomography, MESH: Deep Brain Stimulation, orbitofrontal cortex, Gyrus Cinguli/radionuclide imaging, Neuroscience, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cingulate cortex, 18FDG-PET, MESH : Brain Mapping, Gyrus, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, MESH : Female, MESH: Double-Blind Method, Prefrontal cortex, MESH: Brain Mapping, Brain Mapping, MESH: Statistics, Nonparametric, Cross-Over Studies, Putamen, MESH : Adult, Middle Aged, MESH: Positron-Emission Tomography, deep brain stimulation, Subthalamic nucleus, surgical procedures, operative, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cingulate gyrus, Cardiology, MESH : Severity of Illness Index, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Internal capsule, Psychology, therapeutics, Adult, MESH : Male, MESH : Subthalamic Nucleus, Prefrontal Cortex, MESH : Treatment Outcome, Gyrus Cinguli, MESH: Cross-Over Studies, Double-Blind Method, Internal medicine, medicine, MESH : Statistics, Nonparametric, Prefrontal Cortex/radionuclide imaging, Postcentral gyrus, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, MESH : Cross-Over Studies, MESH: Male, ddc:616.8, [ SDV.NEU ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Orbitofrontal cortex, MESH: Prefrontal Cortex, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/radionuclide imaging/therapy
Abstract: International audience; Background:High-frequency bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising treatment in refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Method Using the crossover, randomized, and double-blind procedure adopted by the STOC study, 10 patients treated with high-frequency bilateral STN DBS underwent am 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) investigation to highlight the neural substratum of this therapeutic approach. Results The median YaleBrown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) scores for all 10 patients were 31 (minimum = 18, maximum = 36) with "Off-Stimulation" status and 19 (minimum = 0, maximum = 30) with "On-Stimulation" status (p = .05). The OCD patients in Off-Stimulation status showed a hypermetabolism in the right frontal middle and superior gyri, right parietal lobe, postcentral gyrus, and bilateral putamen compared with healthy control subjects. A significant decrease in cerebral metabolism was observed in the left cingulate gyrus and the left frontal medial gyrus in On-Stimulation conditions compared with Off-Stimulation conditions. In addition, the improvement assessed by Y-BOCS scores during the On-Stimulation conditions was positively correlated with PET signal changes at the boundary of the orbitofrontal cortex and the medial prefrontal cortex, between PET signal changes and the Y-BOCS scores modifications in On-Stimulation status. Conclusion This study suggests that the therapeutic effect of STN DBS is related to a decrease in prefrontal cortex metabolism. © 2010 Society of Biological Psychiatry.
Published: 2010
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43. The neural substrates of musical memory revealed by fMRI and two semantic tasks.: Neural substrates of musical memory

Author: Groussard, Mathilde, Rauchs, Géraldine, Landeau, Brigitte, Viader, Fausto, Desgranges, Béatrice, Eustache, Francis, Platel, Hervé, Neuropsychologie cognitive et neuroanatomie fonctionnelles de la mémoire humaine, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage (CeRCA), Université de Poitiers-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Université de Poitiers
Subjects: MESH: Music, MESH: Humans, InformationSystems_INFORMATIONINTERFACESANDPRESENTATION(e.g.,HCI), semantic memory, temporal cortex, fMRI, MESH: Recognition (Psychology), MESH: Semantics, MESH: Male, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Brain, MESH: Young Adult, music, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH: Memory, inferior frontal cortex, MESH: Female, MESH: Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Brain Mapping
Abstract: International audience; Recognizing a musical excerpt without necessarily retrieving its title typically reflects the existence of a memory system dedicated to the retrieval of musical knowledge. The functional distinction between musical and verbal semantic memory has seldom been investigated. In this fMRI study, we directly compared the musical and verbal memory of 20 nonmusicians, using a congruence task involving automatic semantic retrieval and a familiarity task requiring more thorough semantic retrieval. In the former, participants had to access their semantic store to retrieve musical or verbal representations of melodies or expressions they heard, in order to decide whether these were then given the right ending or not. In the latter, they had to judge the level of familiarity of musical excerpts and expressions. Both tasks revealed activation of the left inferior frontal and posterior middle temporal cortices, suggesting that executive and selection processes are common to both verbal and musical retrievals. Distinct patterns of activation were observed within the left temporal cortex, with musical material mainly activating the superior temporal gyrus and verbal material the middle and inferior gyri. This cortical organization of musical and verbal semantic representations could explain clinical dissociations featuring selective disturbances for musical or verbal material.
Published: 2010
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44. Anatomofunctional organization of the insular cortex: a study using intracerebral electrical stimulation in epileptic patients

Author: Afif, Afif, Minotti, Lorella, Kahane, Philippe, Hoffmann, Dominique, Service de neurochirurgie, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hopital Neurologique, Intégration centrale de la douleur chez l'homme, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), ANTE-INSERM U836, équipe 9, Dynamique des réseaux synchrones épileptiques, Dynamique des Reseaux Neuronaux, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble, and Deransart, Colin
Subjects: Adult, Male, Adolescent, Deep Brain Stimulation, MESH: Stereotaxic Techniques, MESH: Imaging, Three-Dimensional, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Stereotaxic Techniques, Young Adult, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, MESH: Child, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Humans, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Child, Dominance, Cerebral, MESH: Brain Mapping, MESH: Adolescent, Cerebral Cortex, Brain Mapping, MESH: Humans, MESH: Middle Aged, Epilepsy, MESH: Adult, MESH: Dominance, Cerebral, Middle Aged, MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Male, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, MESH: Epilepsies, Partial, MESH: Young Adult, MESH: Epilepsy, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Female, Epilepsies, Partial, MESH: Deep Brain Stimulation, MESH: Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; PURPOSE: Different lines of evidence suggest that the insular cortex has many important functional roles. Direct electrical stimulation (ES) of the human insular cortex during surgical procedures for epilepsy, functional imaging techniques, and lesion studies also occasionally induces clinical responses. METHODS: In this study, we evaluated 25 patients with drug-refractory focal epilepsy by stereotactically implanting at least one electrode into the insular cortex using an oblique approach (transfrontal or transparietal). One hundred twenty-eight insular sites (each situated between two contiguous contacts within the same electrode) were examined within the gyral substructures. We located each stimulation site by fusing preimplantation three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images with the postimplantation 3D computed tomography (CT) scans that revealed the electrode contacts. RESULTS: Sixty-seven stimulations induced at least one clinical response. Stimulation from within the insular cortex evoked 83 responses, without evidence of afterdischarge in the insular or extrainsular regions. We classified the principal responses as sensory (paresthesias and localized warm sensations), motor, pain, auditory, oropharyngeal, speech disturbances (including speech arrest and reduced voice intensity) and neurovegetative phenomena, such as facial reddening, generalized sensations of warmth or cold, hypogastric sensations, anxiety attacks, respiratory accelerations, sensations of rotation, and nausea. CONCLUSIONS: These findings may indicate a functional specificity for the insular gyri and show the need for exploring this structure during invasive presurgical evaluation of epileptic patients according to seizure manifestations.
Published: 2010
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45. Characterization of the hemodynamic modes associated with interictal epileptic activity using a deformable model-based analysis of combined EEG and functional MRI recordings.: Variability of hemodynamics in EEG/fMRI

Author: Olivier David, Laurent Vercueil, FrÃ©dÃ©ric Grouiller, Christoph Segebarth, Alexandre Krainik, Philippe Kahane, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Functional Brain Mapping Laboratory, Laboratoire de Neurophysiopathologie de l'Epilepsie, CHU Grenoble, Clinique Universitaire de Neuroradiologie et IRM, IDEE, and Université de Lyon
Subjects: Male, Haemodynamic response, Electroencephalography, hemodynamics, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Child, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Child, Research Articles, MESH: Brain Mapping, Brain Mapping, MESH: Middle Aged, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Brain, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Photic Stimulation, Neurology, MESH: Young Adult, MESH: Epilepsy, functional MRI, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Epileptic seizure, Anatomy, medicine.symptom, Psychology, electroencephalography, MESH: Oxygen, Adult, MESH: Hemodynamics, Adolescent, EEG-fMRI, modelling, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Brain, MESH: Electroencephalography, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Ictal, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, MESH: Adult, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, Oxygen, Electrophysiology, epilepsy, Neurology (clinical), Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Neuroscience, MESH: Female, Photic Stimulation, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Simultaneous electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG/fMRI) have been proposed to contribute to the definition of the epileptic seizure onset zone. Following interictal epileptiform discharges, one usually assumes a canonical hemodynamic response function (HRF), which has been derived from fMRI studies in healthy subjects. However, recent findings suggest that the hemodynamic properties of the epileptic brain are likely to differ significantly from physiological responses. Here, we propose a simple and robust approach that provides HRFs, defined as a limited set of gamma functions, optimized so as to elicit strong activations after standard model‐driven statistical analysis at the single subject level. The method is first validated on healthy subjects using experimental data acquired during motor, visual and memory encoding tasks. Second, interictal EEG/fMRI data measured in 10 patients suffering from epilepsy are analyzed. Results show dramatic changes of activation patterns, depending on whether physiological or pathological assumptions are made on the hemodynamics of the epileptic brain. Our study suggests that one cannot assume a priori that HRFs in epilepsy are similar to the canonical model. This may explain why a significant fraction of EEG/fMRI exams in epileptic patients are inconclusive after standard data processing. The heterogeneous perfusion in epileptic regions indicates that the properties of brain vasculature in epilepsy deserve careful attention. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Published: 2010
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46. Divergent cortical generators of MEG and EEG during human sleep spindles suggested by distributed source modeling

Author: Chih C. Chen, Mingxiong Huang, Anders M. Dale, Sydney S. Cash, Eric Halgren, Donald J. Hagler, Nima Dehghani, Unité de Neurosciences Information et Complexité [Gif sur Yvette] (UNIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard (INAF), Department Neurology, Department of Neurosurgery, MGH, Harvard University [Cambridge], Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, Department Radiology and Neurosciences (UCSD), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, and Valdes-Sosa, Pedro Antonio
Subjects: MESH: Magnetoencephalography, Male, Electromagnetics, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, lcsh:Medicine, Neuroscience/Neural Homeostasis, Electroencephalography, Brain mapping, 0302 clinical medicine, Cortex (anatomy), lcsh:Science, MESH: Brain Mapping, Physics, Cerebral Cortex, 0303 health sciences, Brain Mapping, Multidisciplinary, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, medicine.diagnostic_test, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, Magnetoencephalography, Sleep in non-human animals, medicine.anatomical_structure, MESH: Young Adult, Neurological, Biomedical Imaging, Female, Sleep Research, Research Article, Adult, MESH: Sleep, General Science & Technology, Sleep spindle, Cognitive neuroscience, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Clinical Research, MESH: Electroencephalography, medicine, Humans, 030304 developmental biology, Neuroscience/Cognitive Neuroscience, MESH: Humans, lcsh:R, MESH: Adult, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, MESH: Male, lcsh:Q, Sleep, MESH: Female, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Author(s): Dehghani, Nima; Cash, Sydney S; Chen, Chih C; Hagler, Donald J; Huang, Mingxiong; Dale, Anders M; Halgren, Eric | Abstract: BackgroundSleep spindles are approximately 1-second bursts of 10-15 Hz activity, occurring during normal stage 2 sleep. In animals, sleep spindles can be synchronous across multiple cortical and thalamic locations, suggesting a distributed stable phase-locked generating system. The high synchrony of spindles across scalp EEG sites suggests that this may also be true in humans. However, prior MEG studies suggest multiple and varying generators.Methodology/principal findingsWe recorded 306 channels of MEG simultaneously with 60 channels of EEG during naturally occurring spindles of stage 2 sleep in 7 healthy subjects. High-resolution structural MRI was obtained in each subject, to define the shells for a boundary element forward solution and to reconstruct the cortex providing the solution space for a noise-normalized minimum norm source estimation procedure. Integrated across the entire duration of all spindles, sources estimated from EEG and MEG are similar, diffuse and widespread, including all lobes from both hemispheres. However, the locations, phase and amplitude of sources simultaneously estimated from MEG versus EEG are highly distinct during the same spindles. Specifically, the sources estimated from EEG are highly synchronous across the cortex, whereas those from MEG rapidly shift in phase, hemisphere, and the location within the hemisphere.Conclusions/significanceThe heterogeneity of MEG sources implies that multiple generators are active during human sleep spindles. If the source modeling is correct, then EEG spindles are generated by a different, diffusely synchronous system. Animal studies have identified two thalamo-cortical systems, core and matrix, that produce focal or diffuse activation and thus could underlie MEG and EEG spindles, respectively. Alternatively, EEG spindles could reflect overlap at the sensors of the same sources as are seen from the MEG. Although our results generally match human intracranial recordings, additional improvements are possible and simultaneous intra- and extra-cranial measures are needed to test their accuracy.
Published: 2010
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47. Similar cerebral networks in language, music and song perception

Author: Daniele Schön, Mireille Besson, Corine Astésano, Jean-Luc Anton, Reyna L. Gordon, Aurélie Campagne, Cyrille Magne, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition (LPNC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Institut de neurosciences cognitives de la méditerranée - UMR 6193 (INCM), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Parole et Langage (LPL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sciences du cerveau et de la cognition (SCC), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, Musical, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, Neural Pathways, Attention, MESH: Phonation, MESH: Brain Mapping, Language, media_common, Brain Mapping, MESH: Music, medicine.diagnostic_test, MESH: Speech, 05 social sciences, Brain, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neurology, MESH: Young Adult, MESH: Language, Auditory Perception, Speech Perception, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Singing, Psychology, Cognitive psychology, Adult, Melody, Cognitive Neuroscience, media_common.quotation_subject, MESH: Acoustic Stimulation, 050105 experimental psychology, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Auditory Perception, MESH: Brain, Phonation, Phonological awareness, Neurolinguistics, Perception, medicine, Humans, Speech, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Active listening, Communication, MESH: Attention, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Neural Pathways, MESH: Adult, MESH: Speech Perception, MESH: Male, Acoustic Stimulation, business, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, MESH: Female, Music, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Two fMRI experiments were conducted using song to investigate the domain specificity of linguistic and musical processing. In Experiment 1, participants listened to pairs of spoken words, "vocalise" (i.e., singing without words), and sung words while performing a same-different task. Results revealed bilateral involvement of middle and superior temporal gyri and inferior and middle frontal gyri while listening to spoken words, sung words and vocalise, although to different degrees. In Experiment 2, participants listened to pairs of sung words that were similar or different in terms of the linguistic and musical dimensions (2x2 factorial event-related design) while performing a same-different task. Results showed widespread interactions between the linguistic and musical dimensions of sung words mainly within the network of brain areas identified in Experiment 1. Consequently, the activity in these brain regions cannot be considered as specific to either language or music processing. Taken together, results of both experiments argue against domain specificity and provide additional evidence for a common cerebral network involved in both lexical/phonological and melodic processing.
Published: 2010
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48. SPECT and PET analysis of subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson's disease: analysis using a manual segmentation

Author: Claire Haegelen, Bernard Gibaud, Daniel García-Lorenzo, Gilles Brassier, Christian Barillot, Laurent Riffaud, Julie Anne Peron, Florence Le Jeune, Xavier Morandi, Marc Vérin, Vision, Action et Gestion d'informations en Santé (VisAGeS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-SIGNAUX ET IMAGES NUMÉRIQUES, ROBOTIQUE (IRISA-D5), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), CentraleSupélec-Télécom Bretagne-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Télécom Bretagne-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Service de neurochirurgie [Rennes] = Neurosurgery [Rennes], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Département de médecine nucléaire [Rennes], CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC), Service de neurologie [Rennes], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR), and Pegeault, Maëlle
Subjects: Male, MESH: Mood Disorders, Parkinson's disease, MESH: Hippocampus, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Deep Brain Stimulation, medicine.medical_treatment, Emotions, MESH: Cognition, Hippocampus, Subthalamic nucleus, Basal Ganglia, MESH: Basal Ganglia, Cognition, 0302 clinical medicine, Limbic system, MESH: Amygdala, Neural Pathways, Basal ganglia, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Limbic System, Deep brain stimulation, [INFO.INFO-BT]Computer Science [cs]/Biotechnology, MESH: Brain Mapping, MESH: Aged, Brain Mapping, MESH: Middle Aged, 05 social sciences, Parkinson Disease, Middle Aged, Amygdala, MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Positron-Emission Tomography, MESH: Limbic System, medicine.anatomical_structure, surgical procedures, operative, Neurology, Cerebral blood flow, Female, Functional imaging, Psychology, therapeutics, Prefrontal Cortex, behavioral disciplines and activities, 050105 experimental psychology, MESH: Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, 03 medical and health sciences, Subthalamic Nucleus, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Aged, MESH: Subthalamic Nucleus, MESH: Emotions, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, MESH: Humans, Mood Disorders, MESH: Neural Pathways, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, [SDV.BIO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, nervous system diseases, Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, MESH: Cognition Disorders, [INFO.INFO-BT] Computer Science [cs]/Biotechnology, nervous system, Positron-Emission Tomography, MESH: Prefrontal Cortex, Neurology (clinical), MESH: Deep Brain Stimulation, Cognition Disorders, Neuroscience, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, MESH: Parkinson Disease
Abstract: International audience; The subthalamic nucleus (STN) has become an effective target of deep-brain stimulation (DBS) in severely disabled patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Clinical studies have reported DBS-induced adverse effects on cognitive functions, mood, emotion and behavior. STN DBS seems to interfere with the limbic functions of the basal ganglia, but the limbic effects of STN DBS are controversial. We measured prospectively resting regional cerebral metabolism (rCMb) with 18-fluorodeoxyglucose and PET, and resting regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with HMPAO and SPECT in six patients with Parkinson's disease. We compared PET and SPECT 1 month before and 3 months after STN DBS. On cerebral MRI, 13 regions of interest (ROI) were manually delineated slice by slice in frontal and limbic lobes. We obtained mean rCBF and rCMb values for each ROI and the whole brain. We normalized rCBF and rCMB values to ones for the whole brain volume, which we compared before and following STN DBS. No significant difference emerged in the SPECT analysis. PET analysis revealed a significant decrease in rCMb following STN DBS in the superior frontal gyri and left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (p < 0.05). A non-significant decrease in rCMb in the left anterior cingulate gyrus appeared following STN DBS (p = 0.075). Our prospective SPECT and PET study revealed significantly decreased glucose metabolism of the two superior frontal gyri without any attendant perfusion changes following STN DBS. These results suggest that STN DBS may change medial prefrontal function and therefore the integration of limbic information, either by disrupting emotional processes within the STN, or by hampering the normal function of a limbic circuit.
Published: 2010
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49. Middle short gyrus of the insula implicated in speech production: intracerebral electric stimulation of patients with epilepsy

Author: Lorella Minotti, Philippe Kahane, Dominique Hoffmann, Afif Afif, Service de neurochirurgie, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hopital Neurologique, Intégration centrale de la douleur chez l'homme, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), ANTE-INSERM U836, équipe 9, Dynamique des réseaux synchrones épileptiques, Dynamique des Reseaux Neuronaux, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Neurochirurgie, CHU Grenoble-Hôpital Michallon, and Deransart, Colin
Subjects: Male, Speech production, Electrical stimulation, Drug Resistance, Insula, Stereotaxic Techniques, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Gyrus, MESH: Child, Child, MESH: Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, 0303 health sciences, Brain Mapping, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Speech, MESH: Electric Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Middle Aged, Electrodes, Implanted, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, MESH: Drug Resistance, Anticonvulsants, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Psychology, MESH: Preoperative Care, Adolescent, Voice Quality, SEEG, MESH: Stereotaxic Techniques, Insular cortex, Stereoelectroencephalography, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Anticonvulsants, MESH: Voice Quality, Preoperative Care, MESH: Electroencephalography, medicine, Aphasia, Humans, Speech, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Aphasia, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, medicine.disease, Electric Stimulation, MESH: Male, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, Functional imaging, MESH: Epilepsies, Partial, nervous system, Stereotaxic technique, MESH: Electrodes, Implanted, Neurology (clinical), Epilepsies, Partial, Neuroscience, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Summary Purpose: Different lines of evidence have suggested an involvement of the insular cortex in speech production. These have included results from lesion studies, functional imaging techniques, and electrical stimulation of the human insular cortex during invasive evaluation of epileptic patients. Methods: We evaluated 25 patients who had drug refractory focal epilepsy with at least one electrode stereotactically implanted in the insular cortex. Results: Eight responses to insular cortex electrical stimulation were reported by five patients as speech arrest (five responses) and a lowering of voice intensity (three responses). Conclusions: Data from this study implicate the middle short gyrus of the insula in the production of speech and show the importance of intrainsular electrode implantation during invasive pre-resection evaluation by stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) when speech arrest occurs early in seizure semiology.
Published: 2010
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50. Musical and verbal semantic memory: two distinct neural networks?

Author: Béatrice Desgranges, Mathilde Groussard, Francis Eustache, Valérie Hubert, Fausto Viader, Hervé Platel, Brigitte Landeau, Ahmed Abbas, Neuropsychologie cognitive et neuroanatomie fonctionnelles de la mémoire humaine, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage (CeRCA), Université de Poitiers-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Université de Poitiers, and Eustache, Francis
Subjects: Male, temporal cortex, Spatial memory, MESH: Semantics, 0302 clinical medicine, Explicit memory, Verbal fluency test, Semantic memory, MESH: Memory, Episodic memory, MESH: Brain Mapping, Temporal cortex, Brain Mapping, prefrontal cortex, MESH: Music, semantic memory, 05 social sciences, Brain, MESH: Positron-Emission Tomography, Semantics, Neurology, MESH: Young Adult, Auditory Perception, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Psychology, Cognitive psychology, Adult, Cognitive Neuroscience, verbal memory, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, MESH: Auditory Perception, MESH: Brain, Memory, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, music, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH: Humans, Recall, MESH: Adult, MESH: Male, PET, MESH: Nerve Net, Positron-Emission Tomography, Verbal memory, Nerve Net, MESH: Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Semantic memory has been investigated in numerous neuroimaging and clinical studies, most of which have used verbal or visual, but only very seldom, musical material. Clinical studies have suggested that there is a relative neural independence between verbal and musical semantic memory. In the present study, "musical semantic memory" is defined as memory for "well-known" melodies without any knowledge of the spatial or temporal circumstances of learning, while "verbal semantic memory" corresponds to general knowledge about concepts, again without any knowledge of the spatial or temporal circumstances of learning. Our aim was to compare the neural substrates of musical and verbal semantic memory by administering the same type of task in each modality. We used high-resolution PET H(2)O(15) to observe 11 young subjects performing two main tasks: (1) a musical semantic memory task, where the subjects heard the first part of familiar melodies and had to decide whether the second part they heard matched the first, and (2) a verbal semantic memory task with the same design, but where the material consisted of well-known expressions or proverbs. The musical semantic memory condition activated the superior temporal area and inferior and middle frontal areas in the left hemisphere and the inferior frontal area in the right hemisphere. The verbal semantic memory condition activated the middle temporal region in the left hemisphere and the cerebellum in the right hemisphere. We found that the verbal and musical semantic processes activated a common network extending throughout the left temporal neocortex. In addition, there was a material-dependent topographical preference within this network, with predominantly anterior activation during musical tasks and predominantly posterior activation during semantic verbal tasks.
Published: 2010
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