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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR) and mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on depression, quality of life (QoL), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in people with diabetes. Design: A systematic literature review and meta‐analysis was conducted. Methods: Eight databases (PubMed, Embase, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature [CINAHL], Cochrane, PsycINFO, and three Chinese databases) were searched for relevant studies from inception to December 2019. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of MBSR and MBCT interventions for people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes were included. Findings: Nine studies described in 11 articles were included in the review. Meta‐analysis showed a significant effect favoring MBSR and MBCT on depression (standardized mean difference ‐0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI] ‐1.16 to ‐0.51; p <.0001), the mental health composite score of QoL (mean difference [MD] 7.06; 95% CI 5.09 to 9.03; p <.00001), and HbA1c (MD ‐0.28; 95% CI ‐0.47 to ‐0.09; p =.004). However, effects on the physical health composite score of QoL have not been found. Conclusions: MBSR and MBCT are beneficial in improving depression, the mental health composite score of QoL, and HbA1c in people with diabetes. More well‐designed trials using longer follow‐up measurements are needed. Clinical Relevance: MBSR and MBCT could be considered as effective complementary treatment alternatives for people with diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We aimed to synthesize the published evidence to evaluate the preventive efficacy of ginger on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Design: A systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted in this study. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL were systematically searched from their outset to October 2020, without language limitation. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of ginger and prophylactic antiemetics or placebo on PONV were included. Data were analyzed by the fixed effects model or random effects models regarding the results of heterogeneity. Findings: A total of 14 studies involving 1417 participants were included. Compared with placebo, the ginger group had significantly lower nausea severity (MD = −0.71, 95% CI = −1.37 to −0.06, p = 0.03) and lower proportion of rescue antiemetic use (RR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.62–0.82, p < 0.001; RR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.56–0.91, p < 0.001). The ginger group had significantly lower incidence of nausea and vomiting over 6 h after operation (RR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.55–0.85, p < 0.001; RR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.42–1.44, p = 0.43) compared with placebo. When compared with the prophylactic antiemetic group, the ginger group had significantly lower incidence of nausea (RR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.56–0.99, p = 0.04), but no significant differences in the incidence of vomiting and proportion of rescue antiemetic use were found. Conclusions: Ginger was effective for the prevention of PONV. More RCTs comparing ginger and other prophylactic antiemetics are needed to evaluate whether ginger could replace the traditional prophylactic antiemetics. Clinical Relevance: This study's results could be used as an evidence for all patients following surgery who are at risk of PONV without allergy to ginger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to provide a more precise estimate of the relationship between telomere length and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) by systematically reviewing evidence.Method: We conducted a systematic electronic search in the databases of the PUBMED, PsycINFO, OVID (Medline), EMBASE and other resources (such as Google Scholar). The methodological quality of the articles was assessed according to the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Heterogeneity was assessed using the chi-square test for Cochrane's Q statistic and I-squared. When heterogeneity was found to be reasonably high between studies, the random-effects model with the mean difference (95% confidence interval [CI]) was conducted using RevMan 5 software by using the inverse variance method (P < 0.05; chi-square test). By contrast, the fixed-effects model was carried out.Results: Eight eligible studies involving 2639 participants were included in our meta-analysis. Shortened telomere length was significantly associated with OSA with mean difference of -0.03 (95% CI: -0.06, -0.00; P = 0.003 with I-square of 85%）. The results of subgroup analysis preformed by age and sample number suggested that shorter telomere length was significantly associated with OSA, with mean difference of -0.07 (95% CI: -0.07, -0.01; P = 0.005) for adult group and -0.04 (95% CI: -0.02, -0.06; P = 0.005) for large-sample studies.Conclusion: Compared to healthy people, individuals with OSA have shorter telomere lengths which implicates early intervention and timely treatment for preventing future adverse outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common psychiatric disorder, which may accelerate aging. Many study have investigated the association between telomeres length and PTSD, but results from published studies are contradictory. Therefore, Meta-analysis approaches were conducted to give more precise estimate of relationship between telomere length and PTSD.Method: We systematically reviewed the databases of PUBMED, PsycINFO, Medline(Ovid SP) and EMBASE for all articles on the association between telomere length and PTSD. Data were summarized by using random-effects in the meta-analysis. The heterogeneity among studies were examined by using Cochrane's Q statistic and I-squared.Results: Five eligible studies containing 3851 participants were included in our meta-analysis. Shorten telomere length was significantly associated with PTSD with mean difference of -0.19( 95% CI: -0.27, -0.01; P<0.001) with I-square of 96%. The results from subgroup analysis demonstrated that shorter telomere length was significantly associated with PTSD across all gender groups, with mean difference of -0.15( 95% CI: -0.29, -0.01; P=0.04) for female, mean difference of -0.17( 95% CI: -0.19, -0.15; P<0.001) for male. Meanwhile, shorten telomere length was significantly associated with sexual assault(mean difference =-0.15, 95% CI: -0.29, -0.01), childhood trauma (mean difference =-0.08, 95% CI: -0.19, -0.07), but not combat (mean difference =-0.39, 95% CI: -0.83, 0.05).Conclusion: Compared to the individuals without PTSD, individuals with PTSD have shorter telomere length, which has implications for early intervention and timely treatment to prevent future adverse health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]