Search

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the industrialized world. Familial aggregation of cardiovascular risk factors is a frequent finding, but genetic factors affecting its presentation are still poorly understood. The calpain 10 gene (CAPN10) has been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), a complex metabolic disorder with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Moreover, the CAPN10 gene has been associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in T2DM and in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In this work, we have analysed whether the polymorphisms UCSNP44, -43, -19 and -63 are related to several cardiovascular risk factors in the context of MS. Molecular analysis of CAPN10 gene was performed in 899 individuals randomly chosen from a cross-sectional population-based epidemiological survey. We have found that CAPN10 gene in our population is mainly associated with two indicators of the presence of insulin resistance: glucose levels two hours after a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and HOMA values, although cholesterol levels and blood pressure values are also influenced by CAPN10 variants. In addition, the 1221/1121 haplogenotype is under-represented in individuals that fulfil the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) diagnostic criteria for MS. Our results suggest that CAPN10 gene is associated with insulin resistance phenotypes in the Spanish population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The metabolic syndrome (MS), a cluster of several metabolic disorders, is increasingly being recognized as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1), originally described as a plasma cell allo-antigen and named plasma cell membrane glycoprotein (PC-1), is an inhibitor of insulin-induced activation of the insulin receptor. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) K121Q in the ENPP1 gene has been studied in relation to obesity, insulin resistance and other features of MS in several populations with conflicting results. We therefore investigate the role of the K121Q SNP in the ENPP1 gene in MS in Caucasians from the province of Segovia in Central Spain (Castille). Design and methods We recruited 794 unrelated persons (46·5% males and 53·5% females), ages 35–74 years from a cross-sectional population-based epidemiological survey in the province of Segovia in Central Spain (Castille). Obesity-related anthropometric measurements included BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure and lipid profile. MS was defined by International Diabetes Federation (IDF) guidelines. K121Q PC-1 genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results The 121Q allele was associated with an increased BMI and waist circumference among subjects fulfilling the criteria for MS. These differences remained statistically significant even after the adjustment for sex, age and degree of glucose tolerance (β = 1·347, P = 0·017 and β = 2·824, P = 0·046; for BMI and waist circumference, respectively). Moreover, among type 2 diabetic patients those carrying the 121Q allele had higher BMI and higher leptin levels than subjects carrying the K121K genotype. Conclusions Our results suggest that the ENPP1121Q allele might contribute to the genetic susceptibility to abdominal obesity among subjects with MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE -- We have carried out international comparisons of the metabolic syndrome using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) definitions. This analysis could help to discern the applicability of these definitions across populations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -- Nondiabetic subjects aged 35-64 years were eligible for analysis in population-based studies from San Antonio (Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites, n = 2,473), Mexico City (n = 1,990), Spain (n = 2,540), and Peru (n = 346). κ Statistics examined the agreement between metabolic syndrome definitions. RESULTS -- Because of the lower cutoff points for elevated waist circumference, the IDF definition of the metabolic syndrome generated greater prevalence estimates than the ATP III definition. Prevalence difference between definitions was more significant in Mexican-origin and Peruvian men than in Europid men from San Antonio and Spain because the IDF definition required ethnic group-specific cutoff points for elevated waist circumference. ATP III and IDF definitions disagreed in the classification of 13-29% of men and 3-7% of women. In men, agreement between these definitions was 0.54 in Peru, 0.43 in Mexico City, 0.62 in San Antonio Mexican Americans, 0.69 in San Antonio non-Hispanic whites, and 0.64 in Spain. In women, agreement between definitions was 0.87, 0.89, 0.86, 0.87, and 0.93, respectively. CONCLUSIONS -- The IDF definition of the metabolic syndrome generates greater prevalence estimates than the ATP III definition. Agreement between ATP III and IDF definitions was lower for men than for women in all populations and was relatively poor in men from Mexico City. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study on obesity as a key component of metabolic syndrome. The study involved nondiabetic subjects from Spain and Mexico City, Mexico. Results show that those with normal waist circumference has three or more metabolic disorders while insulin levels and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk were not high among subjects with increased waist circumference. It notes that insulin resistant, normal weight people have greater risk of cardiovascular diseases.