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Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as newly emerged materials have experienced rapid development in the last few years. The modular synthesis procedure allows integrating functional groups in their frameworks with varied applications. Due to the easy modification of the backbone and highly charged characteristics with interesting electron-active properties, the use of bipyridinium derivatives as synthons for the fabrication of functional metal–bipyridinium frameworks (MBPFs) has attracted increased interest over the past few years. Various bipyridinium-bearing ligands have been designed for the construction of functional MBPFs, and some of them present intriguing properties for potential applications including photochromism and photoswitching, sensing, molecule adsorption and separation. This perspective aims to highlight the recent progress in this area, and seeks to uncover promising ideas that will underscore future advancements at both the fundamental and applied levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the first time, high surface-area hierarchical hollow octahedral carbon cages have been successfully fabricated by carbonization of a metal–organic framework, MIL-100(Al), followed by subsequent controlled acid etching, which exhibit significant CO2 and H2 adsorption capacities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Well-dispersed PtNi nanoparticles (NPs) grown on carbon nanodots (CNDs) derived from a metal-organic framework (ZIF-8) are synthesized by a simple reduction of metal precursors in the presence of CNDs, wherein the CNDs prove to be a powerful dispersion agent and distinct support for the PtNi NPs. The resultant PtNi-CND catalyst exerts almost 100 % H2 selectivity and a high activity for the decomposition of hydrous hydrazine at room temperature. This excellent catalytic performance might be a result of the synergistic effect of the CND support and the PtNi NPs. The utilization of CNDs as a support to anchor the active component NPs and thus to facilitate the electron transfer and mass transport kinetics during the catalytic reaction process opens up new avenues to design high-performance catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]