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Introduction: Early diagnosis of gastric neoplasia involves both the detection and surveillance of patients with premalignant gastric lesions. Magnifying endoscopy allows the analysis of the fine mucosal structure and microvascular architecture. Material and methods: The aim of our study is to identify specific patterns associated with premalignant gastric lesions by magnifying endoscopy in conjunction with chromoscopy. We performed conventional upper endoscopies and we selected a number of patients for chromodiagnostic and magnification. We classified the endoscopic patterns in normal and abnormal (modified) patterns. Target biopsies were obtained from magnified areas and we analyzed the correspondence with the histological findings. Results: We identified specific pit patterns for normal gastric mucosa and for inflamed mucosa. A tubular pattern was associated with the detection of intestinal metaplasia. An irregular pattern and abnormal microvessels were endoscopic findings associated with the detection of high-grade dysplasia. An irregular form of collecting venules was detected in areas with atrophic gastritis. Conclusions: An initial selection of patients based on conventional endoscopic findings is mandatory. Gastric mucosal changes identified by magnifying endoscopy raise the number of detected premalignant lesions by targeted biopsies. Our work emphasizes the current challenges related to the use of these endoscopic methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the detection of gastric preneoplastic lesions (atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia) is important regarding the patient's risk evaluation for gastric cancer. The purpose of this study consists in the pit pattern evaluation, specific to the 3 premalignant lesions by magnifying endoscopy and chromeondoscopy. Material and methods: The study has started in January 2010 and it is still in progress. The patients have been examined by conventional endoscopy, respectively selected for magnifying endoscopy and chromoendoscopy. Partial results: I have obtained pit patterns specific to gastric mucosa in precancerous lesions. Partial conclusions: 1. Several pit patterns can be identified in the same patient. 2. The stomach can be mapped more exactly, this way being identified the area of modified mucosa; thus target biopsies can be done raising the chances for an accurate diagnosis. 3. It is a resource and time-consuming method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Some studies suggest that narrow-band imaging (NBI) can be more accurate at diagnosing gastric intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia than white-light endoscopy (WLE) alone. We aimed to assess the real-time diagnostic validity of high resolution endoscopy with and without NBI in the diagnosis of gastric premalignant conditions and to derive a classification for endoscopic grading of gastric intestinal metaplasia (EGGIM).Methods: A multicenter prospective study (five centers: Portugal, Italy, Romania, UK, USA) was performed involving the systematic use of high resolution gastroscopes with image registry with and without NBI in a centralized informatics platform (available online). All users used the same NBI classification. Histologic result was considered the diagnostic gold standard.Results: A total of 238 patients and 1123 endoscopic biopsies were included. NBI globally increased diagnostic accuracy by 11 percentage points (NBI 94 % vs. WLE 83 %; P < 0.001) with no difference in the identification of Helicobacter pylori gastritis (73 % vs. 74 %). NBI increased sensitivity for the diagnosis of intestinal metaplasia significantly (87 % vs. 53 %; P < 0.001) and for the diagnosis of dysplasia (92 % vs. 74 %). The added benefit of NBI in terms of diagnostic accuracy was greater in OLGIM III/IV than in OLGIM I/II (25 percentage points vs. 15 percentage points, respectively; P < 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for EGGIM in the identification of extensive metaplasia was 0.98.Conclusions: In a real-time scenario, NBI demonstrates a high concordance with gastric histology, superior to WLE. Diagnostic accuracy higher than 90 % suggests that routine use of NBI allows targeted instead of random biopsy samples. EGGIM also permits immediate grading of intestinal metaplasia without biopsies and merits further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Gastric intestinal metaplasia represents a risk factor for intestinal type of gastric cancer. Gastric intestinal metaplasia seems to be associated with Helicobacter pilory infection in relatives of patients with gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, clinical, endoscopic and histological features of gastric intestinal metaplasia. Material and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the esophagogastroduodenoscopies with biopsies performed between January 1, 2014 and October 31, 2014. Collected and analyzed data included age, gender, symptoms, endoscopic and histological findings. Results: Four hundred eighty-two patients were included in the study. One hundred thirty-seven patients had gastric intestinal metaplasia, which presented a prevalence was 28,4%. A similar distribution between gender was observed with a significant increase of gastric intestinal metaplasia with age (p=0,0001). Regarding the indication for endoscopy, the prevalence of gastric intestinal metaplasia was: 17 % among patients with dyspeptic syndrome, 2 % in patients with anemia and 5 % in patients examined for other symptoms. Endoscopic findings showed gastric intestinal metaplasia was significantly associated with atrophic gastritis (p=0.0001), erythematous gastritis (p=0.0079), while there was no association with erosive gastritis (p=0.24) and peptic ulcer (p=0.19). Conclusions: Gastric intestinal metaplasia is frequently recorded in patients undergoing in esophagogastroduodenoscopies with associated biopsies. Endoscopic findings like erythema and atrophy is strongly associated with gastric intestinal metaplasia emphasizing the importance of sampling biopsies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Over the past few decades, the incidence of adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction has rapidly increased. Barrett's esophagus is a risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma, but the role of intestinal metaplasia of the gastric cardia as a precursor in cardia-related cancer is controversial. The aims of the present study were to examine the prevalence of intestinal metaplasia in the gastroesophageal junction and to evaluate the clinical, endoscopical and histological features of patients with intestinal metaplasia in the gastric cardia and patients with Barrett's esophagus. Methods: 286 consecutive patients undergoing gastroduodenoscopy were enrolled in a prospective study. Biopsy specimens were performed in the distal esophagus, squamocolumnar junction, gastric cardia, gastric corpus and antrum. Results: We identified 44 patients (15.3%) with intestinal metaplasia in biopsies from gastric cardia and 24 patients (8.3%) with Barrett's esophagus. Cardia intestinal metaplasia was significantly associated with older age (p=0.03), with intestinal metaplasia in the antrum (p=0.017) and H. pylori infection (p<0.0001). Severe chronic cardia inflammation increased the presence of cardia intestinal metaplasia 6.2 fold (OR=6.288; p<0.0001). Patients with Barrett's esophagus were predominantly men. Barrett's esophagus presence significantly correlated with reflux symptoms(p<0.0001), endoscopic esophagitis (p<0.0001) and hiatal hernia >2 cm (p=0.002). No patient had dysplasia in the gastroesophageal region. Conclusions: Presence of intestinal metaplasia at the gastroesophageal region correlated with reflux symptoms and endoscopic signs of reflux disease in patients with Barrett's esophagus and with H.pyloriinfection and distal intestinal metaplasia in patients with cardia intestinal metaplasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Often early gastric cancer (EGC) is asymptomatic, that is why most of the patients come for medical investigation already ill with advanced gastric cancer. The detection of premalignant gastric lesions and their control, help the exposure of gastric cancer in its initial stage and implicitly to a prompter access to the appropriate treatment for the patients. This study quantifies the utility of narrow band imaging-endoscopy (NBI) for the detection of premalignant lesions and early gastric cancer. Material and methods: This prospective study included 63 patients. They underwent an examination with white light endoscopy (WLE) and Sidney system of biopsy followed by magnifying NBI with targeted biopsies. We monitored the presence of EGC, dysplasia (Dis), intestinal metaplasia (IM). Results: IM was diagnosed in 60 patients, and 128 areas. Dis was detected in 11 patients and 13 areas and 2 patients had EGC. The premalignant gastric lesions were detected by both investigation methods. We followed sensibility, specificity, positive, negative predictive values. For NBI we obtained 81%, 75%, and for WLE 52%, 68%. The EGC was diagnosed only with NBI. Conclusions: NBI endoscopy is better than WLE for detected IM, Dis and EGC. This method can be used for screening EGC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]