1. Common viral and bacterial avian respiratory infections: an updated review.
- Author
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Yehia N, Salem HM, Mahmmod Y, Said D, Samir M, Mawgod SA, Sorour HK, AbdelRahman MAA, Selim S, Saad AM, El-Saadony MT, El-Meihy RM, Abd El-Hack ME, El-Tarabily KA, and Zanaty AM
- Subjects
- Animals, Chickens microbiology, Poultry microbiology, Bacterial Infections epidemiology, Bacterial Infections veterinary, Bacterial Infections microbiology, Respiratory Tract Infections epidemiology, Respiratory Tract Infections veterinary, Respiratory Tract Infections microbiology, Metapneumovirus, Poultry Diseases microbiology
- Abstract
Many pathogens that cause chronic diseases in birds use the respiratory tract as a primary route of infection, and respiratory disorders are the main leading source of financial losses in the poultry business. Respiratory infections are a serious problem facing the poultry sector, causing severe economic losses. Avian influenza virus, Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, and avian pneumovirus are particularly serious viral respiratory pathogens. Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Staphylococcus, Bordetella avium, Pasteurella multocida, Riemerella anatipestifer, Chlamydophila psittaci, and Escherichia coli have been identified as the most serious bacterial respiratory pathogens in poultry. This review gives an updated summary, incorporating the latest data, about the evidence for the circulation of widespread, economically important poultry respiratory pathogens, with special reference to possible methods for the control and prevention of these pathogens., Competing Interests: DISCLOSURES Authors declare no conflict of interests., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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