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Metastatic tumor is one of several etiologies of space-occupying masses in the orbit that accounts for 1-13% of all orbital masses. In the adult patient population, breast cancer is the most common tumor to metastasize to the orbit, followed by metastasis from the lung, prostate, and gastrointestinal tract. Carcinoid tumors are rare neuroendocrine neoplasms derived from enterochromaffin cells, which are found primarily in the gastrointestinal tract and bronchial tree. Liver metastases are the classic presentation of distant disease. Although rare, metastatic carcinoid to the extraocular muscles (EOMs) has been relatively well described in both retrospective case reports and clinical series in the ophthalmology literature, but not in nuclear medicine. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) using Ga-68-labeled somatostatin-analogues have shown superiority over other modalities for imaging of Neuroendocrine tumor We describe a case of bilateral EOM metastasis from carcinoid lung in Ga-68 DOTANOC PET/CT and treatment with Lu -177 DOTATATE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ollier's disease characterized by multiple skeletal enchondroma is a rare noninherited disease of unknown etiology. Majority of the skeletal enchondroma are present in the metaphyses and diaphysis of tubular limb bones. Ollier's disease has a predilection for unilateral distribution. Malignant changes in Ollier's disease may occur in adult patients. Radionuclide bone scanning is one method used to assess lesions depicted on radiographs or magnetic resonance images that are presumed to be enchondromas. Furthermore, a bone scan may give a clue to the multifocality of the disease. We report a case of right first phalangeal enchondroma in a 23-year-old male, who underwent bone scintigraphy detected multifocal asymmetric right side involvement of radius, humerus, femur, and tibia which confirm a diagnosis of Ollier's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma (PSH), or the alternative name of "sclerosing pneumocytoma," is a rare benign neoplasm. PSH is often asymptomatic and presents as a solitary or multiple pulmonary nodules on radiologic imaging studies. Few articles have been reported to describe the fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) findings about PSH. The authors describe an interesting but uncommonly encountered cause of false positive FDG PET scan in the thorax in a 25-year-old woman, a known case of arteriovenous malformation of oral cavity who underwent embolization and presented with incidental detection of bilateral lung nodules. She is asymptomatic and is on follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatic angiosarcoma is a very rare disease, accounting for only 2% of primary liver malignancy. They are rare tumours with poor prognosis, with patients usually dying within 6 months. Metastases mainly occur in lymph nodes, spleen, lungs, bones and adrenals. There are some studies that reported the use of Fluroine -18 Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)/computer tomography (CT)(F 18 FDG PET/CT) in angiosarcomas (hepatic, cardiac, venous and cutaneous angiosarcomas) in the literature. Bilateral adrenal metastasis from angiosarcoma of liver is a rare phenomenon. We report the first case of 36 year old patient, angiosarcoma of liver, post right lobe hepatectomy status, presented with bilateral adrenal and lung metastases imaged using F-18 FDG PET/CT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High doses of iodine-131 are commonly used in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer after total or subtotal thyroidectomy, in order to ablate the remaining cancer or normal thyroid tissue. Multiple different false-positive scans can occur in the absence of residual thyroid tissue or metastases. The authors present a case of abnormal uptake of radioactive iodine in the aspergilloma, potentially masquerading as pulmonary metastases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cutaneous metastases from internal malignancies are rare with a reported incidence between 0.7% and 10%. It may be the first symptom in 7% of the patients with cancer. We report a case with distant solitary skin metastases in anterior abdominal skin from breast cancer detected on F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Differentiated thyroid cancer frequently metastasizes but generally spreads to regional cervical lymph nodes and, in advanced cases, to the lungs and/or skeleton. Metastases to the skin/subcutaneous tissue are rare. We report 45-year-old male patient presented with a loin swelling which on biopsy showed a papillary carcinoma and referred for fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) to find out the primary disease. PET/CT showed abnormal FDG uptake within a loin metastasis and right lobe thyroid nodule. Fine-needle aspiration from nodule showed papillary carcinoma. Because thyroid cancer can rarely metastasize to the skin, attention should be given to that region during interpretation of the images. He was advised total thyroidectomy and metastasis excision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of the present work was to develop a freeze-dried ethylenediaminetetramethylene phosphonic acid (EDTMP) kit, suitable for the convenient and single-step preparation of 177Lu-EDTMP, which is currently being evaluated as a promising radiopharmaceutical for providing palliative care to patients suffering from skeletal metastases and to assess the potential of the agent in human patients. Experimental: Lyophilized EDTMP kits having identical composition with Quadramet® were prepared using EDTMP, NaOH, and anhydrous CaCO3. The 177Lu-EDTMP patient dose was prepared by incubating the kit materials dissolved in 1 mL of water for injection and 177LuCl3, produced in-house, at room temperature for 15 minutes. Pharmacokinetic behavior of the agent was studied by carrying out biodistribution and scintigraphic imaging studies in normal Wistar rats. Clinical studies were performed by administering the preparation in patients suffering from disseminated skeletal metastases. Results: Five batches of freeze-dried EDTMP kits with 50 kit vials in each batch were prepared. Each kit vial comprised a lyophilized mixture of 35 mg EDTMP, 14.1 mg NaOH, and 5.8 mg of CaCO3. The 177Lu-EDTMP complex was prepared with excellent radiochemical purity (>99%) and high stability (>98% until 9 days postpreparation) using these kits. Radiochemical studies showed that this kit could be used within a pH range of 6-9 and with 177Lu having specific activity as low as 925 GBq·g−1 (25 Ci·g−1) for the preparation of up to 3.7 GBq (100 mCi) of 177Lu-EDTMP. Biodistribution studies in animals revealed selective accumulation of the agent in skeleton (∼60% of the injected activity) with major renal clearance. Preliminary clinical studies in 10 patients exhibited selective accumulation of the radiotracer in skeletal lesions and provided significant pain relief thereby improving the quality of life of the patients. Conclusion: Freeze-dried EDTMP kits, suitable for the preparation of patient doses of 177Lu-EDTMP, have been developed and used in preliminary studies for treating the cancer patients with disseminated skeletal metastases. The kit may also find use for the preparation of other potential bone pain palliation agents, such as 153Sm-EDTMP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmaceutical grade DOTATOC kits compliant with all the quality control criteria were formulated and radiolabeled with 68 Ga in high yields. Comparison with module-based 68 Ga-DOTATOC established product equivalency. Clinical utility was evaluated in patients with histopathologically confirmed well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors. Kit-based preparation of 68 Ga-DOTATOC could identify sites of primary and metastatic disease. PET/CT images of patients conformed to the established criteria for somatostatin imaging agents and clinical expectations. Results of this study emphasize the potential of kit-based 68 Ga-DOTATOC for PET imaging of neuroendocrine tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]