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Introduction: This study investigated changes in plasma microbial-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin resistance (PCOS-IR) before and after metformin treatment, and aimed to identify bacterial taxa within EVs that were biologically and statistically significant for diagnosis and treatment., Methods: The case-control study was conducted at Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Hua Qiao University. Plasma samples were collected from five PCOS-IR patients of childbearing age before and after 3 months of metformin treatment, and the samples were sequenced. The diversity and taxonomic composition of different microbial communities were analyzed through full-length 16 S glycosomal RNA gene sequencing., Results: After metformin treatment, fasting plasma glucose levels and IR degree of PCOS-IR patients were significantly improved. The 16 S analysis of plasma EVs from metformin-treated patients showed higher microbial diversity. There were significant differences in EVs derived from some environmental bacteria before and after metformin treatment. Notably, Streptococcus salivarius was more abundant in the metformin-treated group, suggesting it may be a potential probiotic., Discussion: The study demonstrated changes in the microbial composition of plasma EVs before and after metformin treatment. The findings may offer new insights into the pathogenesis of PCOS-IR and provide new avenues for research., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Metformin modifies plasma microbial-derived extracellular vesicles in polycystic ovary syndrome with insulin resistance." The authors of the original article reported that there were errors in the affiliations of one of the authors, Guolin Hong, and affiliation 3. The correction has been made to accurately present the author group. The publisher, Springer Nature, remains neutral regarding jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. The corrected article can be found at the provided link. [Extracted from the article]