Search

Novel CoZnO2 and SnO2 doped CoZnO2 nanocomposites (NCs) were synthesized by the co‐precipitation method successfully and analyzed using UV‐Vis, FT‐IR, XRD and SEM analysis etc. The UV‐Vis studies confirmed the absorption values of CoZnO2 and SnO2 doped CoZnO2 at 359 and 365 nm respectively and the obtained FT‐IR peaks at 569 and 538 cm−1 revealed the presence of metal‐oxygen bonds successfully. The crystalline size was found to be 21.46 and 40.35 nm. In SEM analysis, CoZnO2 showed the densified un‐uniform particles whereas SnO2 doped CoZnO2 NCs seemed to be bunch of particles combined together. The synthesized NCs have proved the photocatalytic property by confirming the degradation efficiency of 72.22 and 82.22 % against methylene blue (MB) under sunlight irradiation as natural source at the time interval of 120 mins. It is revealed by the enhancement in the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol by changing the parameters and the efficiency percentage of 89.46 and 94.52 % at 18 and 16 mins respectively. The adsorption study was carried out by changing different concentrations of targeted pesticide like glyphosate and the percentage (%) efficiency was calculated to be 90.90, 83.53, 78.49 %, and 91.02, 88.23, 80.64 % for CoZnO2 and SnO2 doped CoZnO2 effectively. The high inhibition against DPPH was found to be 42.7 and 53.7 % at 500 μg mL−1 and the maximum zone of inhibition was found to be 22 mm against to 240 μg mL−1 of E. coli. Therefore, the current study proposed that the CoZnO2 and SnO2 doped CoZnO2 have good capability for bio‐chemical catalytic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two inorganic–organic hybrid complexes based on bi-capped Keggin-type cluster, {([CuII(2,2′-bpy)2]2[PMoVI8VV2VIV2O40(VIVO)2])[CuI(2,2′-bpy)]}∙2H2O (1) and {[CuII(2,2′-bpy)2]2[SiMoVI8.5MoV2.5VIVO40(VIVO)2]}[CuI0.5(2,2′-bpy)(H2O)0.5] (2) (bpy = bipyridine), had been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, TGA, PXRD and X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. Compound 1 consists of a novel 1-D chain structure constructed from [CuI(2,2′-bpy)]+ unit linking bi-supported POMs anion {[CuII(2,2′-bpy)2]2[PMoVI8VV2VIV2O40(VIVO)2]}−. Compound 2 is a bi-capped Keggin cluster bi-supported Cu-bpy complex. The main highlights of the two compounds are that Cu-bpy cations contain both CuI and CuII complexes. Furthermore, the fluorescence properties, the catalytic properties, and the photocatalytic performance of compounds 1 and 2 have been assessed, and the results show that both compounds are active for styrene epoxidation and degradation and adsorption of Methylene blue (MB), Rhodamine B (RhB) and mixed aqueous solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Goethite and modified goethites have been found as good photocatalysts because their conduction band can mediate electron transfer in various redox processes. Many kinds of metal elements can be incorporated into the structure of goethite to form solid solutions in nature, but their optoelectronic properties have not been well disclosed. Mn-substituted goethite is one of the potential photocatalysts, which can exhibit high-photocatalytic activity in many Earth's surface processes. Based on the first-principles calculation, pairwise interaction energies and static lattice energies of goethitegroutite solid solution were computed, and the most thermodynamically stable configurations of Mn-substituted goethite were determined. The results indicate that Mn3+ ion tends to distribute within the cation layer parallel to the (001) plane. Phase relations of goethite-groutite solid solution were derived by subsequent configurational statistics with energies of all 232 configurations of a 2 × 1 × 4 supercell with 32 exchangeable cations. The phase diagram shows that no more than 3 mol% Fe of goethite can be substituted by Mn ions. Therefore, Mn-substituted goethite is thermodynamically metastable or bears groutite-like clusters/lamellae. Furthermore, the effects of Mn substitutions on the band gap were experimentally and theoretically investigated. It is found that a small amount of Mn-substitution can reduce the band gap of goethite significantly, and the decrease ceases when the Mn content is higher than 3–4 mol%. Such a decrease in band gap causes red-shift to the photo response wavelength of goethite and improves the responding capability. This improvement was confirmed in the experiments of photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB). Such kind of photocatalytic reaction probably can happen widely in natural environments. Therefore, the contribution of photocatalysis of natural goethites to geochemical processes on Earth's surface should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZnO nanoparticles with different Ho dopant were prepared by tartaric acid solution combustion method and followed by calcination at 600°C for 2 h. The XRD patterns of ZnO and Ho-doped ZnO samples were indexed to the pure phase of hexagonal wurtzite ZnO structure. TEM images of ZnO and Ho-doped ZnO showed that the samples were nanoparticles with different sizes. The particle size of sample was decreased with increasing in the weight content of Ho dopant. The XPS results certified that the Ho3+ ions contained in ZnO lattice. The photocatalytic activity of the as-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles with different Ho contents was evaluated through the degradation of methylene blue (MB) as a dye pollutant under visible light irradiation. The photodegradation of MB in aqueous medium under visible light irradiation showed that the 3% Ho-doped ZnO nanoparticles have the highest photocatalytic activity in degrading of MB molecules because Ho3+ ions played the role in trapping electrons, inhibiting the recombination charge carrier pairs and enhancing the photocatalytic performance of ZnO under visible light irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZnO/SiC composites with different morphology of ZnO microstructures were obtained via hydrothermal synthesis using Zn(NO3)2·6H2O and silicon carbide as raw materials. The chemical composition, morphology and structure of the samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM and TEM. The results showed that the morphology of ZnO was rod-shaped and flower-like structures in the prepared ZnO/SiC composites. The photocatalytic properties of ZnO/SiC composites were researched by photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV irradiation. The photodegradation efficiency of MB had obvious differences with different ZnO morphology in ZnO/SiC composites, and the maximum degradation rate could reach 95.7% with excellent photocatalytic cycle stability. The removal rates of total organic carbon in the MB solution after 120 min and 240 min are 38.2% and 64.7%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The three-dimensional (3D) sea urchin-like CuO microspheres structures were successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. With the hydrothermal temperature increases, the morphology of CuO micro-/nanostructures has changed: When the hydrothermal temperature reaches above 40 °C, the irregular CuO particles transform into a 3D sea urchin-like CuO microspheres. X-ray diffraction spectrum and Raman scatting spectra confirm that the obtained 3D sea urchin-like CuO microspheres at hydrothermal temperature of 60 °C are composed of a high purity and single-phase monoclinic CuO. It is found that the 3D sea urchin-like CuO microspheres structures exhibit the better photocatalytic property for degradation of methylene blue (MB) solution under the visible light irradiation compared to the irregular CuO particles, which duo to the relatively larger specific surface area of the sea urchin-like CuO microspheres structures, exposing more active sites and increasing the contact area between the catalyst and dye molecule. This remarkable photocatalytic performance of the 3D sea urchin-like CuO microspheres structures might has a promising application in waste water treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molten salts synthesis (MSS) is a simple and potential technique for ceria nanoparticles (NPs) production, but the relevant effects of salt medium and cerium precursor on the synthesized ceria NPs need further attention. In the present work, we investigated the influences of frequently employed KCl–LiCl and KOH–NaOH molten flux and typical inorganic cerium precursors on the characterizations and photocatalytic property of ceria NPs. Results show that the CeO2 NPs obtained in molten KOH–NaOH flux have smaller particle/crystal sizes but more serious agglomeration than that from KCl–LiCl flux. UV–Vis DRS spectra reveal that the ceria synthesized in molten hydroxides from the cerium nitrate precursor has the narrowest band gap of 2.87 eV in studied ceria samples. The ceria NPs obtained from KCl–LiCl flux have wider band gaps of 3.15–3.29 eV and faster recombination rates of photo-generated e− and h+. It was found that the ceria NPs obtained in molten KCl–LiCl salt show better photocatalytic activities for methylene blue (MB) degradation and may be due to the uniform size distribution and well-dispersed particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a series of BaLaxGdxFe12-2xO19 (x=0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8)/PANI (polyaniline) nanocomposites synthesized for investigating the photocatalytic properties. Barium hexaferrite doped with La3+ and Gd3+ prepared via a sol-gel auto-combustion method and then the binary nanocomposites fabricated by the in situ polymerization method. (Fourier transform infrared) FTIR, (x-ray diffraction) XRD, (field emission electron microscopy) FESEM and (vibrating sample magnetometer) VSM confirmed the formation of binary nanocomposites. In FTIR analysis, the peaks at 431 and 580 cm-1 wavenumbers supported the formation of barium doped hexaferrite. At 1463 and 1554cm-1 wavenumbers, the formations of quinoid and benzenoid rings were observable. The XRD patterns of nanocomposites proved the formation of PANI by appearing the amorphous peak at 2θ=23.05 and 26.05 degrees beside the hexaferrite phase. In FESEM pictures, the sphere shape of PANI masked the whole nanoparticles of hexaferrite. In VSM hysteresis loops, by doping La3+, the saturation magnetization increased to 74 emu. Then, by adding non-magnetic part (PANI) to the magnetic hexaferrite, the saturation magnetization decreased to 11 emu. The photocatalytic properties of samples performed under the irradiation of UV-Vis light. All samples presented the photocatalytic properties. Hexaferrites as a semiconductor generated the electron-hole pairs under irradiation. PANI prevented the accumulation of electron-hole pairs on the valance band and consequently accelerated the photo-degradation of methylene blue. Kinetic studies and calculation of the correlation coefficient (R2) value which was about 0.98, proved that the photocatalytic reactions followed the Pseudo-first order kinetic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new Ni(II) coordination polymers (CPs) [Ni(TP)(L1)(H 2 O)] n (1) and [Ni(TP)(L2)] n (2), were synthesized via hydrothermal reaction (H 2 TP = terephthalic acid, L1 = 1,6-bis(2-methylbenzimidazol-1-yl)hexane, L2 = 1,6-bis(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)hexane, and structurally characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis, elemental analyses, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray powder diffraction and IR spectra. CP 1 exhibits a 2D hcb layer, which is further extended into 3D supramolecular architecture by classical O–H⋯O hydrogen-bonding interactions. CP 2 possesses a 3D 4-connected sra framework. Both CPs possess high thermal stability and promising photocatalytic activities for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV irradiation. The photocatalytic mechanism was investigated by introducing benzoquinone (BQ), the ammonium oxalate (AO), and tert -butyl alcohol (TBA) as superoxide radical (·O 2 −), hole (h+), and hydroxyl radical (·OH) scavengers, respectively. Two Ni(II)-based coordination polymers(CPs) have been synthesized. CP 1 exhibits an uninodal 3-connected hcb network with the point symbol {63} and extended to a 3D supramolecular framework by the classical O–H⋯O hydrogen-bonding interactions. CP 2 possesses a 3D sra network. They display high photocatalytic capacities for degrading the methylene blue (MB) solution. Image 1 • Two Ni(II)-based coordination polymers have been synthesized and characterized. • CP 1 displays a 2D hcb layer which further extend into a 3D supramolecular framework. • CP 2 possesses a 3D 4-connected network with SrAl 2 topology. • Both CPs show high photocatalytic efficiency for MB degradation. • The photocatalytic mechanisms of two CPs were investigated in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An Ag(I) coordination polymer with trans,trans -muconate (muc), and 1,3-bis(4-pyridylpropane) (bpp) forming a 3D supramolecular sandwich architecture has been synthesized and structurally characterized. • The polymeric network consists of the silver-bpp cationic host that alternates with 2D 'water–muc' guest anionic layers. The sandwiched water-muconate anionic layer is formed by H-bonded water molecules-anions comprising hexagonal (H 2 O) 6 clusters. • The Hirshfeld surface and fingerprint plots quantify the weak intermolecular interactions in the crystal packing arrangement, confirms intermolecular hydrogen bonds (51.2% of the total Hirshfeld surface) are the key to constructing the supramolecular complex. • Through the interaction with BSA, the complex induced significant fluorescence quenching (of BSA), indicating a solid binding affinity for the protein. • The Ag(I) coordination polymer offers photocatalytic properties by degrading the toxic organic methylene blue dye. The sonochemical reaction between silver salt, 1,3-bis(4-pyridylpropane (bpp) and trans,trans -muconic acid (H 2 muc) formed an Ag(I) coordination polymer with a 3D supramolecular sandwich architecture, {[Ag 8 (bpp) 8 (H 2 O) 3 ].(muc) 4.29(H 2 O)} n , (1) consisting of the silver-bpp cationic host that alternates with 2D water–muc guest anionic layers. The latter is formed by H-bonded water molecules-anions comprising hexagonal (H 2 O) 6 clusters. The Hirshfeld surface and fingerprint plots have been used to quantify the weak intermolecular interactions in the crystal packing arrangement. The study showed that intermolecular hydrogen bonds are the most critical in constructing the titled supramolecular complex, accounting for 51.2% of the total Hirshfeld surface. Several spectrofluorimetric methods have been employed to investigate the binding interaction between Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and the titled complex. The complex induced significant fluorescence quenching of BSA, indicating a strong binding affinity for the protein. Static or ground state complex formation was envisaged as the primary quenching mechanism when the complex interacts with BSA. In addition, the Ag compound also offers photocatalytic properties by degrading the toxic organic methylene blue dye. A 3D supramolecular sandwich like Ag(I) coordination polymer photocatalyst with a significant binding affinity towards BSA. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Four structural diversity of nickel coordination polymers were hydrothermal and sonochemical synthesized. • The effects of sonication power, time and frequency on the size and morphology. • The effects of the sonication synthesis conditions and morphology on the photocatalytic efficiencies. • The highly efficient photocatalysts under visible irradiation. Four nanostructural nickel(II) coordination polymers {[Ni(ttpa)(1,4-ndc)(H 2 O) 2 ]·2H 2 O} n (1), {[Ni(ttpa)(1,3-bda)]·2H 2 O·DMF} n (2·2H 2 O·DMF), {[Ni(ttpa)(1,4-bdc)]·H 2 O} n (3) and {[Ni(ttpa)(aip)(H 2 O)]·3H 2 O} n (4·3H 2 O) were synthesized using hydrothermal and sonochemical methods (ttpa = tris(4-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)amine, 1,4-ndc = 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylate, 1,3-bda = 1,3-benzenediacetate, 1,4-bdc = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate, aip = 5-aminoisophthalate), and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, scanning electron microscopy, single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction analysis, optical band gaps, VB XPS spectra and luminescence. The effects of sonication power, time and frequency on the size and morphology of nano-sized 1–4 have been studied. 1 exhibits an unusual 2D + 2D → 3D inclined polycatenated motif based on the (3,3)-coordinated 63-hcb topology. 2 shows a (3,4)-coordinated 2D network of the bey topology. 3 presents a rare example of the 4-fold interpenetrating array of (3,5)-coordinated 3D network belonging to the 35T1 topology type. 4 displays an unusual 2D → 3D polythreaded network based on 2D sql networks. 1–4 exhibit luminescent emissions at 409, 399, 413 and 402 nm, respectively. 1–4 are semiconducting in nature, with E g of 2.12 eV (1), 2.34 eV (2), 2.32 eV (3), and 2.47 eV (4). 1–4 are good catalysts for the degradation of MB under visible light irradiation. The effects of the size and morphology of nano-sized 1–4 on the photocatalytic efficiencies were studied. The higher sonication frequency obtains uniform and smaller nano-sized coordination polymers which have higher catalytic efficiencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the precursor solution prepared by ZnSO4·7H2O and MOH (M = Li, Na or K), ZnO nanocrystals single doped with Li, Na, K and codoped with Na and K were prepared via a simple hydrothermal method. Their morphologies and structures were characterized by SEM, XRD, ICP, XPS and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer methods. It is found that the crystal morphology changes from the short bar shape to the long strip shape; Li+ is likely easier than Na+ and K+ to enter into the lattice to replace Zn2+ and inhibits the growth of positive polar plane while promotes the growth of negative one of ZnO in hydrothermal environment, leading to the morphology of short bars; K+ is easier than Li+ and Na+ to promote the two-dimensional nucleation and accelerate the axial growth of ZnO, leading to the morphology of long strips; Na+ and K+ have the obvious synergistic effect to facilitate the access to the lattice of ZnO. Experimental result of photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue shows that the ratio I of intensitiy of X-ray diffraction peak for (002) plane to that of (100) plane can reflect the relative area proportion of plane (002) with strong photocatalytic activity, and the photocatalytic effect may be better if the value of I is larger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two ternary Zn(II) coordination polymers were synthesized under hydrothermal condition. The crystal structure of CP 1 possesses a 3D dia framework; CP 2 shows a 2D hcb network. CP 2 displays higher photocatalytic activities for degrading methylene blue than CP 1 under UV irradiation. Two new ternary zinc(II) coordination polymers (CPs), catena-(μ 2 -phthalato)-(μ 2 -1,1′-hexane-1,6-diylbis(2-methyl-1H-benzimidazole))-zinc (CP 1) and catena-(μ 2 -phenylene-1,4-diacetato)-(μ 2 -1,1′-hexane-1,6-diylbis(1H-benzimidazole))-zinc (CP 2) were synthesized via hydrothermal process. CP 1 and CP 2 are named as [Zn(L1)(PA)] n and [Zn(L2)(PDA)] n (L1 = 1,1′-hexane-1,6-diylbis(2-methyl-1H-benzimidazole), L2 = 1,1′-hexane-1,6-diylbis(1H-benzimidazole), H 2 PA = phthalic acid, H 2 PDA = 1,4-phenylenediacetic acid)), respectively. Both CPs were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. CP 1 possesses a 4-connected 66- dia network, CP 2 displays a 2D hcb layer with point symbol {63}. UV–Vis diffuse reflection spectra, luminescence and photocatalytic properties of two CPs for the degradation of the methylene blue (MB) dye were investigated. The mechanism of photocatalytic degradation of MB was also suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A functional 1D Co(II) coordination polymer (NCST-2) was synthesized under hydrothermal condition. Furthermore, NCST-2 can act as a fluorescence sensor for Fe3+ in aqueous solution and further shows high photocatalytic activities for the degradation of MB. A Co(II)-based ternary coordination polymer with formula {[Co(BTC) 0.5 (L)(H 2 O)]·3H 2 O} n (NCST-2 , NCST = North China University of Science and Technology) was constructed from 1,2-bis(thiabendazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene (L) and butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid (H 4 BTC) under hydrothermal conditions. NCST-2 features a one-dimensional zigzag chain, which is further extended through O H⋯O hydrogen bond and π ⋯ π stacking interactions into a three-dimensional supramolecular network. NCST-2 exhibits highly selective and recyclable performance for the fluorescence sensing of Fe3+ in aqueous solution with a linear detection range of 0–400 μM and a detection limit of 0.12 μM. NCST-2 displays high photocatalytic activities for degrading methylene blue (MB) under UV irradiation. The possible mechanism of the photodegradation towards MB was investigated in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Two novel chiral coordination frameworks, namely {[Cd(PycAla) 2 (H 2 O)]·4H 2 O} n (1) and [Co(PycAla) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] n (2), have been successfully prepared via the chiral pyridine-4-carbonyl-(l -alanine) (HPycALa) ligand reacting with Cd(II) and Co(II) ions under hydrothermal conditions. Crystallographic analyses manifest that both frameworks are embedded by the multifarious helixes composed of PycAla− anions and metal ions. Complex 1 exhibits a porous 3D framework with a 4-connected (64.82) topology based on different left- and right-handed helical chains. Complex 2 shows a two-fold interpenetrated 2D network with a (4,4)-connected (44.62) topology based on the anti-parallel arranged right-handed helical chains. It is worth noting that both frameworks display high photocatalytic activities in the degradation process of methylene blue (MB). The fluorescence spectrum of 1 exhibits strong maximum emission at 446 nm. In addition, 1 has K sv value of 1977 M−1, which implies it can sense the Fe3+ ion. Graphical abstract Two novel chiral coordination frameworks built by a pyridine-based alanine derivative with semi-rigid and asymmetrical configuration display effective photocatalysis and selective luminescent sensing. Image 1 Highlights • Two chiral coordination polymers were synthesized from a semi-rigid and asymmetrical alanine derivative. • Two complexes show diverse homochiral 3D framework and 2D network, respectively. • The fluorescence spectrum of 3D framework exhibits strong emission peak at 446 nm. • The complexes display higher photocatalytic activities of decomposing MB in comparison to decomposing MO. • The 3D framework is able to efficiently sense Fe3+ ion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Six functional metal-organic frameworks constructed from semi-flexible 4,4′-bis(imidazolyl)diphenyl ether (bidpe), namely: [Zn(bidpe)(mpa)] n (1), [Cu(bidpe)(mpa)(H 2 O)] n (2), [Cd(bidpe)(mpa)] n (3), [Zn 1.5 (bidpe) 2 (smpa)(H 2 O)] n (4), [Cu 1.5 (bidpe) 2 (smpa)(H 2 O)] n (5), [Cd(bidpe)(hmpa)] n (6) (H 2 mpa = m-Phthalic acid, H 2 smpa = 5-sulfonatobenzene-1,3-dicarboxylate, H 2 hmpa = 5-Hydroxyisophthalic acid), have been synthesized under solvothermal conditions. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that complexes 1 – 4 and 6 show 2D→3D supramolecular structure with a Schläfli symbol of (44·62), (4·65), (44·62), (42·6) and (63) topology, respectively. Complex 5 possesses an unprecedented (3, 4, 6)-connected 3D framework with a Schläfli symbol of (4·64·8) 2 (42·64·89)(62·8) 2. Meanwhile, complexes 1 , 3 , 4 and 6 have excellent fluorescence properties and can be used as potential luminescent sensors for sensing Cr(VI) anions, Fe(III) ions and nitrobenzene (NB) with high selectivity and sensitivity. The photocatalytic studies indicate that 1 has good photocatalytic capability in degradation of methylene blue (MB), 1 and 6 have good photocatalytic capability in degradation of methyl violet (MV). Furthermore, the possible sensing mechanism and photocatalytic mechanism have been discussed. Graphical abstract Six functional metal-organic frameworks constructed from semi-flexible 4,4′-bis(imidazolyl)diphenyl ether. fx1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Hydrothermal synthesis route has been employed to synthesize Fe(NO 3) 2 -NiO composite. The studies related to the bonding in the composite were unveiled by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The investigations on structure, morphology and composition of elements in the composite were carried out using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX) respectively. SEM images of the nanoparticles display spherical morphology for both Fe(NO 3) 2 and NiO present in the composite. The optical and molecular identification studies were taken using ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis), photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectroscopy respectively. The thermal stability and characteristics of the composite were revealed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The composite manifests prodigious optical properties in addition to the proficient thermal stability. The band gap depicted from the UV–vis spectroscopy was 3.87 eV for NiO while 2.71 eV for Fe(NO 3) 2. Furthermore, the composite was investigated for photocatalytic characteristics using methylene blue (MB) dye by varying the time to study photodegradation. The results reveal the advantage of the composite to be used as a photocatalyst to cave in various organic impurities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Two Zn(II) coordination polymers (CPs), [Zn (L1) (DCTP)] n (1) and [Zn (L2) (DCTP)] n (2) [L1 = 1,3-bis(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene, H 2 DCTP = 2,5-dichloroterephthalic acid, L2 = 1,4-bis(benzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene] were hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra, thermogravimetric analyses, fluorescence spectra and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. CP 1 forms a 2D (4,4) layered structure, which is finally extended to a 3D supramolecular framework by the π-π stacking interactions. CP 2 possesses a 3D 3-fold interpenetrating dia network. Both CPs can be as highly selective probes for detection of Fe3+ in aqueous solutions based on luminescence quenching. Further, two compounds exhibit photocatalytic activities for degradation of the methylene blue under UV irradiation. Graphical abstract Two Zn(II)-based coordination polymers (CPs) have been synthesized. CP 1 exhibits 4-connected sql network with the point symbol {44.62} and extended into a 3D supramolecular framework by the π-π stacking interactions. CP 2 possesses a 3D 3-fold interpenetrating dia network. They display high photocatalytic capacities for degrading the methylene blue (MB) solution. Meanwhile, CP 1 and CP 2 show high selectivity for Fe3+ by fluorescence quenching. Image 1 Highlights • Two Zn(II)-based coordination polymers have been synthesized and characterized. • CP 1 displays a (4,4)-connected sql topological network. CP 2 possesses a 3D 3-fold interpenetrating dia network. • The complexes show high performance for photo degradation of MB. • CPs 1–2 shows high selectivity towards Fe3+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Organic hybrid iodoplumbates [H 2 tmdp][PbI 3 ] 2 ∙DMF (1), [H 2 tmdp] 2 Pb 7 I 18 (2), and [(H 2 tmdp) 4 (Hpyd) 2 (Me 2 NH 2)][Pb 6 I 22 ](I 3)·2H 2 O (3) have been prepared by the reaction of PbI 2 and HI using a diammonium [H 2 tmdp]2+ as structure-directing agent under different conditions. Highlights • New iodoplumbates 1 – 3 were prepared using a diammonium as SDA with different methods. • Novel 2D [Pb 7 I 18 4−] n and [Pb 6 I 22 10−] n iodoplumbates were obtained. • 2 and 3 show high photocatalytic activities in the degradation of MB. Abstract Organic-inorganic hybrid iodoplumbates [H 2 tmdp][PbI 3 ] 2 ∙DMF (1), [H 2 tmdp] 2 Pb 7 I 18 (2), and [(H 2 tmdp) 4 (Hpyd) 2 (Me 2 NH 2)][Pb 6 I 22 ](I 3)·2H 2 O (3) (tmdp = 4,4′-trimethylenedipiperidine, pyd = pyridine) were prepared using diammonium [H 2 tmdp]2+ as a structure directing agent under different conditions. The 1D [PbI 3 −] n polymeric anion in 1 is constructed by PbI 6 octahedral units via face-sharing, while the 2D [Pb 7 I 18 4−] n polymeric anion in 2 is composed of PbI 6 units via both corner- and edge-sharing. The interconnection of PbI 6 units via corner- and face-sharing generates a new iodoplumbate anion [Pb 6 I 22 10−] n in 3 , featuring a waved layer structure. Compounds 1 – 3 exhibit steep band gaps at 2.32, 2.23, and 2.14 eV, respectively. Compounds 2 and 3 show photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation at room temperature. Compounds 1 – 3 are more effective in the photocatalytic degradation of MB than in the degradation of RhB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A novel metal-organic framework formulated as [Mn(DMTDC)(DMF)] (1) was synthesized under solvothermal conditions by using a thiophene-functionalized dicarboxylate ligand, 3,4-dimethylthieno[2,3- b ]thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (H 2 DMTDC), which displays a uninodal, 4-connected lvt net. After the removal of coordinated DMF, this framework displays permanent porosity and excellent photocatalytic activity for methylene blue (MB) dye degradation in aqueous solution under UV light. Graphical abstract A new metal-organic framework has been synthesized by using a bithiophene-functionalized dicarboxylate ligand, which displays permanent porosity and excellent photocatalytic activity to degrade methylene blue dye. Unlabelled Image Highlights • A MOF with a lvt net has been constructed by using a thiophene-functionalized dicarboxylate ligand. • After removing the coordinated DMF, the framework shows permanent porosity. • The desolvated framework displays excellent photocatalytic activity for methylene blue degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A silver(I) coordination polymer (CP), {[Ag(DCTP) 0.5 (bpy)(H 2 O)]·0.5H 2 O} n ( 1 ) based on 2,5-dichloroterephthalic acid (H 2 DCTP) and 4,4′-bipyridine (bpy) were synthesized under hydrothermal condition. CP 1 features a 1D infinite undulating ladder-like chain, which is further extended into a 3D supramolecular network through classic O–H⋯O hydrogen bond interactions. CP 1 exhibits highly selective and sensitive luminescent detection for Cr 2 O 7 2− in aqueous solution with quenching efficiency up to 2.00 × 10 4  M −1 and a low detection limit of 2.06 µM. Further, Hirshfeld surface analyses and the photocatalytic properties of CP 1 have also been investigated in detail. Remarkably, CP 1 presented a rare example of Ag(I)-based CP as luminescent probe and photocatalytic materials simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Au/TiO 2 nanofilms are prepared on indium-tin oxide glass using magnetron sputtering. The bilayer nanofilms are heat-treated at 500 °C in air for 2 h. The microstructure evolution of the prepared Au/TiO 2 nanofilms is characterized, using scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer, and X-ray diffraction. The heat treatment leads to the migration of Au atoms to form Au/TiO 2 nanofilms with TiO 2 being in anatase phase and the presence of Au films/islands on the surface of the Au/TiO 2 nanofilms. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared Au/TiO 2 nanofilms in an aqueous solution of methylene blue (MB) is evaluated under the irradiation of visible light. The experimental results show that the photocatalytic activity of the prepared Au/TiO 2 nanofilms depends on the loading amount of Au. The rate constant for the photodegradation of the MB compound in the aqueous solutions with pure TiO 2 nanofilms is less than those with the prepared Au/TiO 2 nanofilms. Such behavior can be likely attributed to the activation of the photo-generated charge carriers and the increase of the electron–hole separation efficiency through localized surface plasmon resonance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, an in‐situ approach was used to synthesise zinc oxide nanoparticles on the surface of cotton fabric. The effect of alkaline pre‐ and after‐treatment and Zn2+ concentration was studied on the morphological, structural, thermal, photocatalytic, and antibacterial properties of loaded cotton fabrics. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray diffractometer, thermogravimetric analysis, and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectrometer were used to characterise the properties of loaded cotton fabrics. Alkaline after‐treatment of cotton fabric presented more dispersed zinc oxide nanoparticles, and an increase in Zn2+ concentration led to form agglomerated nanoparticles on the surface of cotton fibres. The loaded cotton fabrics with zinc oxide nanoparticles presented an inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In addition, the stain of methylene blue on the surface of loaded samples was degraded after irradiated under visible light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mn-doped CuO nanosheets were prepared through a hydrothermal method to enhance their photocatalytic property. The structural and morphological features were monitored by using X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). UV-vis absorption spectra showed the enhance absorption performance both in UV and visible light region. The band gaps were also calculate and the minimum value was 1.25 eV. The photocatalytic activity was investigated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB), which indicated that the photoactivity of samples depended on the amount of Mn2+ incorporated into the CuO lattice. The improved performance of photocatalysts can be attributed to enhanced light absorption and lower electron-hole recombination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Two new benzimidazole-based Cd(II) coordination polymers have been designed and synthesized. • The structure of polymers 1–2 was characterized adequately by X-ray study. • The photocatalytic study indicates that both two polymers possess excellent abilities in the degradation of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine b (RhB). • The degradation efficiencies of polymer 1 for two dyes are both exceed 95%. Two new coordination polymers (CPs) [Cd(mbmb)I 2 ] n (1) and {[Cd 2 (mbmb) 3 I 2 (SCN) 2 ]·0.25(H 2 O)} n (2) have been synthesized with 1-[(2-methyl-1H-benzoimidazol-1-yl)methyl]-1H-benzotriazole (mbmb), and structurally characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis, elemental analysis, 1H NMR spectra and IR spectra. The X-ray analysis reveals that both polymers 1–2 crystallize in the triclinic space group P-1. Polymer 1 displays 1D chain structure and further connected through two different intermolecular π...π stacking interactions to form a 2D network. Polymer 2 possesses a 2D layer network, which is further extended into more stable 3D architecture. Moreover, polymers 1–2 were examined for photocatalytic degradation activities, and the result shows that they both present outstanding photocatalytic activities for the degradation of MB and RhB with remarkable efficiencies. For MB, the degradation efficiencies are 96.12% (1) and 95.59% (2); for RhB, the degradation efficiencies are 97.14% (1) and 94.51% (2). Polymer 1 shows higher photocatalytic performance in the degradation of MB and RhB. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are widely used in consumer products including sunscreens, textiles and paints. The indiscriminate use of such materials may leads to its release into the environment. The present study evaluated the photocatalytic effect of ZnO NPs in presence of humic acid (HA), which is an important factor present largely in the environment. ZnO NPs were characterized by using UV-visible spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy, particle size analyzer and X-ray diffraction analysis. The mean diameter of the particles was found to be 55 ± 2.1 nm. The XRD patterns exhibited hexagonal structure for ZnO NPs. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO NPs was evaluated based on the change in UV-visible absorption spectra of the methylene blue solution as a function of reaction time under visible light source. The rate of photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was decreased with increase in HA concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method. [•] Nanoparticles were spherical in shape and the size of NPs is 5–65nm in diameter. [•] The particles were highly stable. [•] Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles possessed efficient photocatalytic property. [•] The particles exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

[Display omitted] • Layered liquid crystals as the template, successfully prepared ZnS nanoparticles. • The photodegradation rate of MB in 150 min was 99.76%. • The results in this work show that the proposed algorithm has high stability and reusability. Layered liquid crystal templates were prepared in the ternary system of sodium dodecyl sulfate/n-amyl alcohol/water, supplemented with a homogeneous precipitation method to successfully prepare zinc sulfide nanomaterials. Various characterizations and photocatalytic degradation tests using methylene blue (MB) as a simulated pollutant were performed to analyze the fabricated samples. The results showed that the prepared ZnS nanomaterial with a cubic sphalerite structure and high purity obtained the particle size distribution between 60 and 200 nm due to the auxiliary effect of the solvent-liquid crystal template, resulting in high photodegradation performance for MB under xenon lamp irradiation, it showed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Nanoplate-based copper sulfide (CuS) hierarchical hollow spheres have been successfully synthesized using the spontaneous oil droplets as the templates in a two-phase system. In this approach, the poorly crystallized CuS hollow spheres with an average diameter of about 1μm can be obtained at a low temperature and then grow into the hierarchical CuS hollow spheres composed of nanoplates through a recrystallization growth process at a higher temperature. Furthermore, the growth process of the nanoplates of the hierarchical CuS hollow spheres can be controlled by changing the ripening time. In addition, the photocatalytic activity of the hierarchical CuS hollow spheres has been evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue solution in the presence of hydrogen peroxide under natural light, showing that the as-prepared hierarchical CuS hollow spheres exhibit high photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue (MB). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Titanium dioxide (titania) particles were prepared by a water-in-oil emulsion system, and studied for the photodecomposition property of methylene blue. Microemulsion (ME) consisted of water, cyclohexane or octane, and surfactant, such as polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether (TX-100), polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, or bis (2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate. Titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) was dropped into the ME solution and then titania particles were formed by the hydrolysis reaction between TTIP in the organic solvent and the water in the core of ME. It was found that ME could be classified to the reversed micelle (RM) region and the swelling reversed micelle (SM) region according to the water content. The water droplets in RM were almost monodispersed, where the water content was small. On the other hand, the water droplets in SM had a size distribution, although most of the water molecules associated with surfactant molecules. The size of the particles prepared in the RM region was smaller than the ME size. In contrast, the size of the particles formed in the SM region was larger than the ME size, and coagulation of the particles was observed within a few hours. The smallest diameter of the particles was 2 nm in the system of cyclohexane with TX-100 surfactant when the molar ratio of water to surfactant was 2. Titania particles prepared in this condition were collected as amorphous powder, and converted to anatase phase at less than 500 K, which is lower than the ordinal phase transition temperature. These anatase phase titania particles only showed a significant photodecomposition of methylene blue by illumination with a Xenon lamp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxygen vacancies (OVs) have critical effects on the photoelectric characterizations and photocatalytic activity of nanoceria, but the contributions of surface OVs on the promoted photocatalytic properties are not clear yet. In this work, we synthesized ceria nanopolyhedron (P-CeO2), ceria nanocube (C-CeO2) and ceria nanorod (R-CeO2), respectively, and annealed them at 600 °C in air, 30%, 60% or pure H2. After annealing, the surface OVs concentration of ceria elevates with the rising of H2 concentration. Photocatalytic activity of annealed ceria is promoted with the increasing of surface OVs, the methylene blue photodegradation ratio with pure hydrogen annealed of P-CeO2, C-CeO2 or R-CeO2 is 93.82%, 85.15% and 90.09%, respectively. Band gap of annealed ceria expands first and then tends to narrow slightly with the rising of surface OVs, while the valence band (VB) and conductive band (CB) of annealed ceria changed slightly. Both of photoluminescence spectra and photocurrent results indicate that the separation efficiency of photoinduced electron-hole pairs is significantly enhanced with the increasing of the surface OVs concentration. The notable weakened recombination of photogenerated carrier is suggested to attribute a momentous contribution on the enhanced photocatalytic activity of ceria which contains surface OVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural design and morphological control of semiconductors is considered to be one of the most effective ways to improve their photocatalytic degradation properties. In the present work, a hexagonal WO3·0.33H2O hierarchical microstructure (HWHMS) composed of nanorods was successfully prepared by the hydrothermal method. The morphology of the HWHMS was confirmed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that the synthesized product was orthorhombic WO3·0.33H2O. Owing to the unique hierarchical microstructure, the HWHMS showed larger Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface and narrower bandgap (1.53 eV) than the isolated WO3·0.33H2O nanorods. Furthermore, the HWHMS showed enhanced photocatalytic activity for degradation of methylene blue under visible-light irradiation compared with the isolated nanorods, which can be ascribed to the narrower bandgap, larger BET specific surface area, and orthorhombic phase structure of the HWHMS. This work provides a potential protocol for construction of tungsten trioxide counterparts and materials similar to tungsten trioxide for application in gas sensors, photocatalysts, electrochromic devices, field-emission devices, and solar-energy devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Two new ternary Ni(II) CPs were synthesized and characterized. • CP 1 displays a 1D zigzag chain. CP 2 possesses a 2D 3,5L27 network. • Two CPs show highly performance for photodegradation of MB. • CPs 1–2 exhibited highly selectivity and sensitive towards benzaldehyde and Fe3+. Two nickel(II) coordination polymers (CPs), [Ni(5-NIP)(L)(H 2 O)] n (1) and [Ni(1,4-PDA)(L)(H 2 O)] n (2) (L = 1,3-bis(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)propane, 5-H 2NIP = 5-nitroisophthalic acid, 1,4-H 2PDA = 1,4-phenylenediacetic acid) were hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. 1 displays a 1D zigzag chain alone the a -axis. 2 shows a 3,5-connected 3,5L27 framework with a point symbol of {3.4.5}{32.42.5.63.72}. Two compounds exhibit remarkable photocatalytic activities for degradation of the methylene blue under UV irradiation. 1 and 2 can serve as the dual-responsive luminescent chemosensors for the selective detection of benzaldehyde and Fe3+ in aqueous systems. Two Ni(II)-based coordination polymers(CPs) have been synthesized. CP 1 possesses a 1D [Ni(nip)] n zigzag chain while CP 2 shows a 3,5-connected framework 3,5L27 topological type with a point symbol of {3.4.5}{32.42.5.63.72}. They display high photocatalytic capacities for degrading the methylene blue (MB) solution. Meanwhile, 1 and 2 exhibit selective and sensitive detection of benzaldehyde and Fe3+ by fluorescence quenching effect. Image, graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, hierarchical hollow ZnO microspheres with an average diameter of 3.5 μm are successfully synthesized via a simple template-free solvothermal route. And these microspheres are constructed by anisotropic single-crystalline ZnO nanorods which grows along the [0001] c-axis direction because of the selective adsorption of ethylene glycol. It is noted that ethylene glycol plays a crucial role in promoting the growth and aggregation of nanorod by comparing the effect of other solvents, such as water, ethanol, isopropanol and glycerol. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity of as-obtained hollow ZnO microspheres is evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution. The photocatalytic performance reveals that these hollow ZnO microspheres can not only efficiently degradate the dye, but also show good stability during the cycling photodegradation. We report the facile synthesis of hierarchical hollow ZnO microspheres composed of radially aligned nanorods by a simple template-free solvothermal process using ethylene glycol as the solvent, and the as-prepared ZnO microspheres were shown to serve as an efficient and durable photocatalyst for degradation of methylene blue (MB). Image 1 • Hierarchical hollow ZnO microspheres composed of radially aligned nanorods are successfully prepared by a simple template-free solvothermal process. • Ethylene glycol plays a crucial role in promoting the growth and aggregation of nanorod by comparing other solvents. • The ZnO microspheres exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity for degradation of methylene blue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combining adsorption and photocatalysis is an effective strategy for degrading organic pollutants. Here, BiVO 4 @diatomite composite photocatalyst (BiVO 4 @diatomite CP) was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis from Bi(NO 3) 3 ·5H 2 O glycerin solution, NH 4 VO 3 solution and diatomite. BiVO 4 @diatomite/microcrystalline cellulose/PVB composite fibers (BiVO 4 @diatomite/MCC/PVBCFs) were prepared from BiVO 4 @diatomite CPs, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and PVB ethanol solution using the electrospinning method. BiVO 4 @diatomite/MCC/PVBCFs were then mixed with pulp fibers to prepare the visible light-responsive photocatalytic paper. BiVO 4 @diatomite CP with a BiVO 4 /diatomite ratio of 6:4 had good interface states and displayed good photocatalytic activity with 64.32% degradation of methylene blue (MB) after 4 h. A PVB ethanol solution (6%) was formulated with BiVO 4 @diatomite CP and MCC to provide an ethanol spinning solution (12% solid) to prepare BiVO 4 @diatomite/MCC/PVBCFs (3:3:4). The resulting fibers had smooth surfaces, compact structures and exhibited good photocatalytic activity (66.80% and 56.80% degradation of MB and formaldehyde (HCHO), respectively, after 4 h). Photocatalytic paper containing 18% BiVO 4 @diatomite/MCC/PVBCFs had good photocatalytic activity with 50.20% degradation of HCHO after 4 h. This paper also had good physical properties and has the potential to be used for the photocatalytic degradation of indoor air pollutants, such as HCHO. • Adsorption and photocatalysis synergy for degrading MB and HCHO. • High degradation rates of MB and HCHO under visible light. • More potential application fields for paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Nanoporous TiO2/SiO2 composite micro-particles were prepared by an aerosol assisted co-assembly (AACA) and their characteristics were investigated for photocatalytic application. The average diameter of resulting co-assembled TiO2/SiO2 particles was ranged 4–10μm, and increased as the precursor concentration increased. The TiO2/SiO2 particles were spherical in shape and pores ranged 1–100nm in diameter. Photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared nanoporous TiO2/SiO2 particles was evaluated by measuring the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) and NOx. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity of nanoporous TiO2/SiO2 particles was compared with those of commercial TiO2 nanoparticles and nanoporous TiO2 particles. The nanoporous TiO2/SiO2 particles exhibited the highest photodegradation of MB and NOx among three samples, which was 80% after 3h and 55% at 10min, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Among various chiral compounds, semirigid lactic acid derivatives modified from lactic acids have been attractive synthons for the synthesis of chiral coordination polyers (CPs). Herein, lactic acid derivative (R)-4-(1-carboxyethoxy) benzoic acid ((R)-H 2 CBA) was used to reacted with Co(Ⅱ) ions and auxiliary ligands to obtain two chiral CPs, namely [Co 2 ((R)-CBA) 2 (2,5-DIP) 2 n (1 , 2,5-DIP ​= ​2,5-bis(2-methyl-1H-imidazole-1-yl)pyridine) and [Co((R)-CBA)(1,3-DIB) 1.5 n (2 , 1,3-DIB ​= ​1,3-di(1H-imidazole-1-yl)benzene). Although two complexes were synthesized under the similar condition, their structural motifs are still very different. Complex 1 has pillared-layer framework with 6-connected mab net and two types of helixes, while complex 2 is 3D supra molecule framework packed by 2D helical layers. UV/vis spectra, Mott-Schottky measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed complexes 1 and 2 are typical n-type semiconductors with low resistance in charge transportation and high charge-separation efficiency. Under UV irradiation, complexes 1 and 2 showed good photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methylene blue. The photocatalytic experiments confirmed that the conversion of MB was up to 88% for 1 and 73% for 2 after 3 ​h, respectively. Two chiral helical Co-CPs based on semirigid lactic acid derivatives are typical n-type semiconductors and have obvious photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methylene blue. Image 1 • Two chiral Co-CPs with helixes. • n-Type semiconductors with low resistance in charge transportation and high charge-separation efficiency. • Photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methylene blue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel CN nanoribbon (CNNR) assembled seaweed-like architecture has been prepared by a facile, fast (<30 min.) and green microwave synthesis. • The as-prepared seaweed-like architecture is stable and exhibits a significantly enhanced photocatalytic property for Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation. • The significantly enhanced photocatalytic property of CNNR is mainly attributed to the synergistic effects of superior structure, O doping, and proper N defects. • The result has shed a light on realizing the practical application of CN and CN based photocatalysts. The photocatalytic property of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 , CN) photocatalysts is hindered by its low active sites and low photo-generated electron-hole carriers transport rate. Herein, we report a novel CN nanoribbon (CNNR) assembled seaweed-like architecture by microwave synthesis using the melamine-cyanuric acid supramolecular (MCS) as the precursor. The preparation process is facile, fast (<30 min.) and green. The as-prepared CNNR is stable with a large specific area and exhibits a decreased bandgap of 2.5 eV as well as 52.2 times higher kinetic constant for Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation than that of bulk CN. The CNNR also shows highly efficient degradation for methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), and tetracycline (TC). The significantly enhanced photocatalytic property of CNNR is mainly attributed to the synergistic effects of superior structure, O doping, and proper N defects. The result has shed a light on realizing the practical application of CN based photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) thin films were fabricated on glass substrates using a combination of chemical bath deposition and post-annealing process. From the field-emission scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction results, the GaOOH nanorods precursors with better crystallinity can be achieved under higher concentrations (≥0.05 M) of gallium nitrate (Ga(NO3)3). It was found that the GaOOH synthesized from lower Ga(NO3)3 concentration did not transform into α-Ga2O3 among the annealing temperatures used (400–600 °C). Under higher Ga(NO3)3 concentrations (≥0.05 M) with higher annealing temperatures (≥500 °C), the GaOOH can be transformed into the Ga2O3 film successfully. An α-Ga2O3 sample synthesized in a mixed solution of 0.075 M Ga(NO3)3 and 0.5 M hexamethylenetetramine exhibited optimum crystallinity after annealing at 500 °C, where the α-Ga2O3 nanostructure film showed the highest aspect ratio of 5.23. As a result, the photodegeneration efficiencies of the α-Ga2O3 film for the methylene blue aqueous solution can reach 90%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By one‐step hydrothermal method, pure and Ce‐doped CuO nanostructures (NSs) are successfully synthesized. In this work, C4H6CuO4·H2O and Ce(NO3)3·6H2O are used as the precursor and the dopant. The results of X‐ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectroscopy demonstrate that small portions of Ce ions are incorporated into the crystal lattice of CuO NSs and substitute Cu ions with the formation of a tiny impurity (Cu2O). Field emission scanning electron microscopy images display that the nanoellipsoid morphology of pure CuO transforms to an apparently rough surface with larger sizes of the morphology by doping with Ce element. Compared to pure CuO NSs, the UV–vis absorption of Ce‐doped CuO NSs is remarkably enhanced, which exhibits a strong ability of light absorption both in the 200–380 nm and in the visible region (380–800 nm). The measured band‐gaps of pure and Ce‐doped CuO NSs with different amounts of Ce ions are 2.07 and 1.93, 2.03, 2.02 eV, respectively. The photocatalytic test shows that the photocatalytic activity of Ce‐doped CuO NSs is eminently better than for pure CuO NSs, with the photodegradation of methylene blue solution rising up to 90.04%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]