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The 2-D MXene material has garnered immense attention in the multidisciplinary region due to its high surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, good biocompatibility, and tunable physicochemical properties. MXene nanoparticles can be utilized in thermal ablation to destroy unwanted tissues and tumors without invasive surgery. Therefore, this work investigates MXene (Ti3C2) embedded blood flow over a curved shape stretching artery. The mathematical model for hybrid blood flow is developed to see the thermal changes due to external pressure and diffusion. Furthermore, the flow model PDEs are equipped with Darcy-Forchheimer's condition, external magnetic force, thermal radiation, and heat source/sink. These PDEs are converted into a system of ODEs by a proper similarity conversion. The solution of governing equations are acquired numerically, the flow and thermal performance outputs are exhibited through pictorial and tabular representations. It is revealed that the thermal performance is enhanced due to sphere shaped MXene (Ti3C2) nanoparticles. The outcomes of this study can be utilized in photothermic therapy and other applications where heat transfer plays an essential role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the heat transmission rate in hybrid and tri-hybrid particles that emerged in Oldroyed-B blood flow flowing through wedge shape arteries. The rate type Oldroyd-B flow model is considered to examine the behavior of relaxation and retardation times. The transmuted nondimensional conditions and boundary restrictions are solved using the bvp5c technique. It is observed that the heat transmission rate is high for the tri-hybrid (GO-Al2O3-TiO2) blood flow combination compared to the hybrid (Al2O3-TiO2) blood combination. This study can deliver a vibrant opinion concerning heat transmission behavior and the blood flow nature in a wedge shape artery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the thermal transfer attributes of ZnO-H2O Walter's-B nanoliquid flow alongside an upright cone in the bearing of slip mechanism, radiative heat flux, and non-uniform heat source. We adopted suitable similarities to convert the nonlinear PDEs into ODEs and solved the transformed governing system by employing the bvp5c solver package in Matlab software. The prime novelty of this research is to compute the effective thermal diffusivity of the nanoliquid via the Maxwell and Xue nanomodels. Further, simultaneous results are deliberated for Maxwell and Xue cases via pictorial outcomes under various controlling limitations, such as velocity slip, radiative heat flux, buoyancy, viscoelastic, and volume fraction of nanomaterial. The thermal transmission rate of nanoliquid reported by the Xue nanomodel is higher than the Maxwell nanomodel. Therefore, the Xue nanomodel effectively works to enhance the thermal conductivity of the liquids with viscoelastic nature. Further, this study is helpful in industrial processing, where control over heat transport is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar thermal energy is a versatile and sustainable form of energy. It has vast applications and can be used to reduce fossil fuel consumption. The sun's heat harnesses this renewable energy; therefore, the energy transmission rate plays a significant role here. This article gives the idea of a new geometric design of solar thermal collector tubes for multiple uses and materials to be used on the tube's outer layer to maximize heat absorption. For this purpose, we investigated velocity, temperature, and heat transfer rates due to different nanoparticle (Cu/Al 2 O 3 /GO) combinations. We assumed the flow of Newtonian/non-Newtonian nanofluids flowing through the coaxial region of the cylindrical shape solar tubes. Here, water and seawater are considered for the Newtonian case, and sodium alginate is regarded for the non-Newtonian case. The governing equations of the flow are converted into ODEs with the help of similarity variables and solved numerically using the Keller box method. The MATLAB code for the Keller box method has been developed to plot graphical results. The primary outcomes are exhibited through graphs and tables. It is perceived that the temperature and heat transfer rates in Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids are enhanced due to the trihybrid (Cu + Al 2 O 3 +GO) combination. This work can be utilized in an evacuated solar thermal system and gives the idea to develop a sustainable solar thermal system for multipurpose usage. • A sustainable solar thermal system model for multipurpose usage. • Simultaneous outcomes for Newtonian and non-Newtonian cases. • Al 2 O 3 +GO nanomaterial combination enhances the sun's heat absorption rate. • The heat absorption rate of evacuated solar heater tubes can be improved with a Cu + Al 2 O 3 +GO + sea water combination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar energy is a leading energy source to reduce greenhouse gas radiation and other types of air pollution. In particular, solar energy is widely used to generate electric power. The rheological behavior of various non-Newtonian liquids plays an active role in heat transferal processes. This study examines the heat conduction in water-based Jeffrey and Maxwell cylindrical film flows suspended with magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. The radiative heat, uneven heat sink/source, and magnetohydrodynamic effects are considered. A precise model is developed and determined mathematically. The influence of pertinent constraints on flow and thermic profiles is explored using pictorial and numerical outcomes. The drag force generated by magnetohydrodynamics effectively regulates the wall friction and heat transmission rate. The temperature profiles of Maxwell ferrofluid are more active than Jeffrey ferrofluid. The heat diffusion rate of Jeffrey ferrofluid is more progressive than the Maxwell ferroliquid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar power plays a significant role in fulfilling industrial and household energy needs. A hypothetical analysis is accomplished to scrutinize the practical usage of solar power by enhancing the heat diffusion rate of the conventional liquid. Third-grade cylindrical film flow is considered in the existence of hydrodynamics (MHD), radiation, Ohmic heating, and Cattaneo–Christov heat flux. Water is a base liquid suspended with graphene oxide nanoparticles. An exact model is established and solved computationally by relating suitable comparisons. The considered flow model directly uses parabolic trough solar collector. A comparative analysis is performed on Xue and Maxwell nanomodels, and the results are explored with computational outcomes. It is found that the Xue nanomodel is actively enhancing the third-grade nanofluid temperature while the Maxwell nanomodel appreciates the heat transmission rate of the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of an unsteady MHD Casson fluid flow towards a stretching surface with cross diffusion effects is considered. The governing partial differential equations are converted into a set of nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations with the help of suitable similarity transformations. Further, these equations have been solved numerically by using Runge-Kutta fourth order method along with shooting technique. Finally, we studied the influence of various non-dimensional governing parameters on the flow field through graphs and tables. Results indicate that Dufour and Soret numbers have tendency to enhance the fluid velocity. It is also found that Soret number enhances the heat transfer rate where as an opposite result is observed with Casson parameter. A comparison of the present results with the previous literature is also tabulated to show the accuracy of the results.

We analyzed the momentum and heat transfer characteristics of unsteady MHD flow of a dusty nanofluid over a vertical stretching surface in presence of volume fraction of dust and nano particles with non uniform heat source/sink. We considered two types of nanofluids namely Ag-water and Cu-water embedded with conducting dust particles. The governing equations are transformed in to nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformation and solved numerically using Shooting technique. The effects of non-dimensional governing parameters on velocity and temperature profiles for fluid and dust phases are discussed and presented through graphs. Also, the skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are discussed and presented for two dusty nanofluids separately in tabular form. Results indicate that an increase in the volume fraction of dust particles enhances the heat transfer in Cu-water nanofluid compared with Ag-water nanofluid and a raise in the volume fraction of nano particles shows uniform heat transfer in both Cu-water and Ag-water nanofluids.

In this study we analyzed the influence of radiation and aligned magneticfield on the flow of ferrofluids over a flat plate in presence of non-uniform heat source/sink and slip velocity. We considered Fe3O4 magnetic nano particles embedded within the two types of base fluids namely water and kerosene. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformation and solved numerically using bvp5c Matlab package. The effects of dimensionless quantities on the flow and temperature profiles along with the friction factor and Nusselt number is discussed and presented through graphs and tables. It is found that present results have an excellent agreement with the existed studies under some special assumptions. Results indicate that a raise in the aligned angle enhances the skin friction coefficient and heat transfer rate.

Numerical computations are executed to investigate the consequence of the Buongiorno slip mechanism and radiative heat on gyrotactic microorganisms containing Casson cross nanoliquid flow across a moving wedge. The mixed nanofluid comprises magnesium and copper oxide (MgO and CuO) nanoparticles pondered in water. The bioconvection Falkner-Skan flow governing equations are resolved using the BVP5C Matlab package. Simultaneous solutions are drawn for suction and injection cases. Plots illustrate the effect of pertinent physical factors on flow, thermal, diffusion, and motile organism density. The wall friction, energy rate, and mass transmission are interpreted via tables. The outcomes reveal that the consequence of embedded features on the bioconvective mixed nanoliquid stream are substantial in the suction case as matched with injection case. The deposition of MgO and CuO nanomaterials raises the heat transmission of the base liquid to a more significant level. Further, the Buongiorno slip mechanism parameter intensifies the thermal outlines and decays the energy transport rate for suction/injection cases. The major applications of current investigation can be found in geothermal energy systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The silver and gold nanoparticles display noteworthy results in antimicrobial and anticancer therapies. Silver is a considerable anti-inflammation, and gold nanoparticles effectively use to convert the photons to heat to destroy cancer cells. By keeping this in view, we investigated the radiative heat allocation in blood-based Ag-Au hybrid nanofluid flow. We assumed a blood vessel with cosine stenosis in the existence of an aligned magnetic field and variable heat source/sink. The flow model was developed to investigate the underlying physics and solved numerically after applying appropriate transformations. The computational outcomes for the flow and energy fields were explored through graphical and numerical illustrations. Also, the consequences of local Nusselt number and wall friction were discussed. The outcomes are validated and found to be in noble agreement. It is noticed that the inclined magnetic angle can control the drag force and heat transmission. Also, the Ag-Au combination effectively enhances the rate of heat transfer. This may help the effective conversion of photons to heat energy used in cancer therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conical flow has its significance in the thermal design of high-speed missiles and shock jump conditions. Buoyancy-driven melting heat transfer in hydrodynamic Casson ferroliquid flow over a conical surface is assessed numerically. The buoyancy force, uneven heat sink/source, radiative heat, melting heat, and Ohmic heat are considered physical relevance. The water-based cylindrical-shaped cobalt (Co) nanoparticles are measured. The thermal conductivity of ferrofluid is measured by assessing the Hamilton-Crosser, and interfacial layer approaches. A mathematical model was established and resolved computationally using the Lobatto-IIIA-based Matlab scheme. Simultaneous results are explored and explained with the help of pictorial and mathematical outcomes. The Hamilton-Crosser model reported a higher thermal conductivity than the interfacial layer approach for Casson ferrofluid flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studied the simulation of partial differential equations that model Casson fluid dynamics on a curved surface when Lorentz force, viscous dissipation, first-order chemical reaction, convection, uneven heat sink/source, and mass transmission at the wall are significant. An appropriate similarity conversion transforms the governing equations into non-dimensional ODEs. The bvp5c Matlab package is utilized to acquire the velocity, temperature, and concentration outcomes. This work aims to attain simultaneous solutions for Newtonian and non-Newtonian flow cases and analyze the reasons for deviation in flow and thermic border thicknesses. Augmenting the parametric curvature values inflates the velocity profiles and declines the thermal transmission rate. Also, the heat transport rate in the brunt of uneven heat source and viscous dissipation is extensive for non-Newtonian liquid compared with the Newtonian fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the flow and thermal transfer feature of MHD (magnetohydrodynamic) Casson, Carreau, and Williamson fluid movements over a parabolic extending region with exponential heat generation effect. The mathematical model is transformed into Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) by utilizing appropriate similarity variables and resolved using bvp5c Matlab package. The influence of applicable limits on transfer facts is illustrated via plots and tabular values. The current study outcomes reveal the comparisons of flow, thermal profiles, wall friction, and local Nusselt number of these (Casson, Carreau, and Williamson) different non-Newtonian liquids. Casson fluid shows more excellent thermal conductivity when compared to Carreau and Williamson fluids and observed that the drive and thermal gradient of three non-Newtonian fluids are not uniform. Also, the magnetic force tends to condense the stream and thermal transport rate of these three fluids. The rate of thermal transport is amplified by growing the magnitude of Prandtl and exponential parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a numerical computational work is carried out to investigate the significance of nanoparticle shape on magnetohydrodynamic stagnation-point flow of Carreau nanoliquid caused by a horizontally moving thin needle. The drive and thermal transport nature of Ti6Al4V+Ethylene glycol nanoliquid under the stimulus of space-dependent heat source and magnetized force is discussed numerically. The novelty of this work is to obtain the simultaneous solutions for three different shapes of nanoparticles namely spherical, cylindrical and laminar. The flow governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations with appropriate similarity variables and solved numerically by using Runge–Kutta and Newton's approach. Numerical outcomes of velocity and thermal distributions under the influence of different physical parameters are illustrated via graphical trends, wall friction and rate of heat transfer are interpreted using tabular values. It reveals from results that the thermal transfer performance of the Carreau nanoliquid is advanced when spherical shaped nanoparticles are used as compared with cylindrical and laminar-shaped nanoparticles. Also, it is witnessed that needle thickness parameter plays vital role in augmenting thermal transport rate of the nanoliquid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A computational framework is carried out to investigate the drive, and thermal transport of the thin-film flow of unstable magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Oldroyd-B ferrofluid suspend with cobalt ferrite (CoFe 2 O 4) nanoparticles in water. The governing PDEs of the flow are transmuted as ODEs by applicable similarity conversions and resolved using R-K and Newton's approaches. We examined the variations in the drive and energy field designations along with the local Nusselt number influenced by the relevant non-dimensional parameters. The results are explored for different nanoparticle shapes (spherical, cylindrical, and laminar) and originate that the energy transport efficiency is advanced in spherical shaped ferrous particles when compared to tube and laminar shaped particles. The Deborah number and unsteadiness parameter has the power to regulate the Nusselt number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research regarding the heat transit mechanism of magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanoliquid flow over contrasting flow profiles is predominantly employed in transpiration, coolants, fiber coatings, heat exchangers, and so on. Owing to this, we intend to dissect the heat transport behavior of MHD hybrid nanofluid flow past a cone as well as a wedge. For the analysis, we take nonlinear radiation and viscous dissipation into consideration with 30% of ethylene glycol and water (or EGW) as base fluid with suspended copper oxide (CuO) and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles. The Runge-Kutta method with the shooting technique is utilized to figure out the deduced nonlinear gotverning equations. The influence of the concerned different admissible parameters on similar distributions (cone and wedge) are graphically illustrated and interpreted accordingly via computed numerical values. It is worth noting that the heat transport rate is greater past the cone rather than the wedge. The presence of CuO and MgO hybrid nanoparticles increases the heat transfer rate of the EGW base fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this analysis, a heat transfer extrusion system was made by using a modified heat flux model, namely, the Cattaneo‐Christov heat flux. In the present study, we examined the effect of Arrhenius activation energy on magnetohydrodynamic mixed convection stagnation point flow of a micropolar fluid over a variable thickened surface in the attendance of Brownian motion. The fluid motion is assumed to be steady and laminar. The combined influence of heat and mass transfer aspects are scrutinized. First, suitable transformations are considered to modify the governing partial differential equations as ordinary differential equations and revealed by the consecutive application of numerical procedures like shooting and Runge‐Kutta‐Fehlberg. Graphs are delineated to scrutinize the effects of sundry dimensionless parameters on the flow fields. We found that, the present results made a good agreement with the existing results. We observed that there is an enhancement in the fields of concentration with thermophoresis and activation energy parameters but an opposite trend is noticed for the Brownian motion parameter. Also, it is interesting to note that the buoyancy and the primary slip parameters are increasing functions of velocity fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The boundary layer analysis of a 2D forced convection flow along a persistent moving horizontal needle in electrically conducting magnetohydrodynamic dissipative ferrofluid is investigated. The energy equation is constructed with the Joule heating, variable heat source/sink and dissipation effects. To check the variation in the boundary layer behaviour, we considered the two ferrofluids namely, Fe 3 O 4 -methanol and Fe 3 O 4 -water. The reduced system of governing PDEs are solved by employing the R-K process. Computational results of the flow and energy transport are interpreted with the assistance of tabular and graphical illustrations. Increasing the needle size significantly reduces the flow and thermal fields of both nanofluids. In particular, thermal and velocity fields of Fe 3 O 4 -methanol nanofluid is highly depreciated when equated with the Fe 3 O 4 -water nanofluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed at examining the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) radiative non-aligned stagnation point motion of non-Newtonian liquid over a stretched surface. The heat transfer mechanism is investigated in the presence of variable heat sink/source, non-linear Rosseland approximation and Biot number. Appropriate transmutations are exploited to metamorphose the flow equations into ODEs. The acquired non-linear ODEs are highly coupled. These are tackled with the consecutive implication of fourth-order Runge--Kutta and shooting techniques. The variations of flow governing parameters on the dimensionless velocity, microrotation and temperature plus the measure of heat transport, couple stress coefficient and friction factor are thoroughly explained using plots and tables. Outcomes stipulate that increasing the values of the stretching ratio parameter causes the thermal field to decline and the velocity field to inflate. Also, an upsurge in the micropolar parameter produces an increase in the rate of heat transport but an opposite outcome is detected with the couple stress coefficient. To the best of our knowledge the non-orthogonal stagnated motion of micropolar liquid with radiation as non-linear and variable heat source/sink has never before been scrutinized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present article, the problem of boundary layer flow of MHD electrically conducting fluid past a cone and a wedge with non-uniform heat source/sink along with Cattaneo-Christov heat flux is investigated numerically. At first, the flow equations are converted into ODE via appropriate self similarity transforms and the resulting equations are solved with the assistance of R.-K. and Newton’s methods. The influence of several dimensionless parameters on velocity and temperature fields in addition to the friction factor and reduced heat transfer coefficient has been examined with the support of graphs and numerical values. The heat transfer phenomenon in the flow caused by the cone is excessive when compared to the wedge flow. Also, the thermal and momentum boundary layers are not the same for the flow over a cone and wedge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The knowledge of heat and mass transfer of MHD flows over different geometries is very important for heat exchangers design, transpiration, fiber coating, etc. With this initiation, a mathematical model is proposed to investigate the two-dimensional flow, heat and mass transfer of magnetohydrodynamic flow over three different geometries (vertical cone, vertical wedge, and a vertical plate). Cattaneo-Christov heat flux with external magnetic field, thermophoresis and Brownian movement effect are introduced in the model. Runge-Kutta and Newton’s methods are employed to solve the altered governing nonlinear equations. The influences of the parameters of concern on the common profiles (velocity, temperature, and concentration) are conversed (in three cases). By viewing the same parameters, skin friction coefficient, heat and mass transfer rates are discussed with the assistance of tables. It is discovered that the momentum and thermal boundary layers are non-uniform for the MHD flow over three geometries (vertical cone, wedge, and a plate). Thermal and solutal Grashof numbers regulate the temperature and concentration fields. The heat and mass transfer rates of the flow over a cone are highly influenced by the thermal relaxation parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports the enhanced heat transfer of electrically conducting magnetic-nanofluids with thermal radiation and inclined magnetic field effects. We consider water as a base fluid embedded with the two different types of aluminum alloy nanoparticles namely AA 7072 and AA 7075. AA 7072 is a special type of heat treatable aluminum alloy with 98% Al and 1% of Zn with the additives such as Si , Fe and Cu . Similarly, AA 7075 contains 90% Al , 5–6% Zn , 2–3% Mg , 1–2% Cu with the additives such as Si, Fe and Mn . Numerical results are explored with the aid of R-K and Newton’s techniques. Results are depicted diagrammatically and discussed on the common profiles of interest (velocity and temperature). The heat transfer rate of water-AA 7075 nanofluid is significantly high when compared with the rate of heat transfer of water-AA 7072 nanofluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extrinsic magnetic fields are capable to set the thermal and physical properties of magnetic-nanofluids and regulate the flow and heat transfer characteristics. Applied magnetic field affects the thermal conductivity of magnetic-nanofluids and makes it aeolotropic. With this incentive, we investigate the flow and heat transfer characteristics of liquid film flow of magnetic-nanofluids over the vicinity of a thin elastic sheet by considering the transverse magnetic field with variable heat source/sink. We consider water as a base fluid embedded with the two different types of aluminum alloy nano/particles namely AA 7072 and AA 7075. AA 7072 is a special type of heat treatable aluminum alloy with 98% Al and 1% of Zn with the additives such as Si, Fe and Cu etc. Similarly, AA 7075 contains 90% Al, 5–6% Zn, 2–3% Mg, 1–2% Cu with the additives as Si, Fe and Mn etc. The transformed governing partial differential equations are solved numerically using R-K based shooting technique. The diagrammatic and tabular results depict the effect of pertinent parameters on common profiles of interest. It is found that the heat transfer rate of water-AA 7075 is significantly high when compared with the heat transfer rate of water-AA 7072. It is also found that the increasing percentage of Cu leads to enhance the heat transfer rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Mathematical model is developed for investigating the heat and mass transfer of magnetohydrodynamic Casson fluid over a moving wedge with slip, nonlinear thermal radiation, uniform heat source/sink and chemical reaction. For regulating the momentum and concentration gradients we also considered the viscous dissipation and cross diffusion effects. Numerical solutions are carried out by employing Runge-Kutta and Newton's methods. The effects of the physical governing factors on the flow, temperature and concentration profiles are illustrated graphically for accelerating and decelerating flow cases. We also computed the local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers along with friction factor for the same cases. It is found that increasing the temperature jump parameter encourages the heat transfer rate. It is also concluded that the local Nusselt number is high in accelerating flow case when equated with the decelerating flow case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With every passing day, heat transfer enhancement in convectional base fluids plays a major role in several industrial and engineering processes. During this process, nanofluids attained great importance to enhance the heat transfer rate in convectional flows. Keeping this into view, in this study, we analyzed the MHD flow and heat transfer characteristics of a dusty nanofluid over a stretching surface in the presence of a volume fraction of dust and nano-particles. We have considered two types of nanofluids; namely, CuO-water and Al2O3-water immersed with dust particles. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformation, which are then solved numerically using Runge-Kutta based shooting technique. We found an excellent agreement of the present results with the existing literature. The effects of non-dimensional governing parameters; namely, magnetic field, volume fraction of dust particles, volume fraction of nano-particles, porosity, mass concentration of dust particles and fluid particle interaction on velocity and temperature profiles for both fluid and dust phases are discussed and presented through graphs. Also, skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number are discussed and presented in tabular form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The knowledge of heat transfer of MHD nanofluid flows over different geometries is very important for heat exchangers design, transpiration, fiber coating, etc. With this initiation, mathematical model is developed to investigate the heat transfer nature of electrically conducting magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid flow over a cone and a wedge. For this investigation, we consider a nonlinear thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, Joule heating with non-uniform heat source/sink effects. Water considered as the base fluid and suspended with copper nanoparticles. R-K and Newton's methods are employed to resolve the altered governing nonlinear equations. Effects of pertinent parameters of concern on the common profiles are conversed (in two cases). It is observed that the momentum and temperature boundary layers are non-uniform for the flow over three a wedge and a cone. Rising the viscous dissipation strengths the velocity and temperature fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The knowledge of heat transfer in MHD nanofluid flows over different geometries is very important for heat exchangers design, transpiration, fiber coating, etc. Recent days, heat transfer of non-Newtonian nanofluids plays a major role in manufacturing processes due to its shear thinning and thickening properties. Naturally, magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles move randomly within the base fluid. By applying the transverse magnetic field, the motion of those nanoparticles becomes uniform. This phenomenon is very useful in heat transfer processes. With this initiation, a mathematical model is developed to investigate the heat transfer behaviour of electrically conducting MHD flow of a Casson nanofluid over a cone, wedge and a plate. We consider a Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model with variable source/sink and nonlinear radiation effects. We also considered water as the base fluid suspended with magnetite nanoparticles. R-K-Felhberg-integration scheme is employed to resolve the altered governing nonlinear equations. Impacts of governing parameters on common profiles (temperature and velocity) are conversed (in three cases). By viewing the same parameters, the friction factor coefficient and heat transfer rate are discussed with the assistance of tables. It is found that the boundary layers (thermal and flow) over three geometries (cone, wedge and a plate) are not uniform. It is also found that the thermal relaxation parameter effectively enhances the heat local Nusselt number and the heat transfer performance is high in the flow over a wedge when compared with the flows over a cone and plate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, mixed convection MHD Casson fluid flow towards an inclined stretching cylindrical surface in a double stratified medium is considered. The flow field situation is manifested with heat generation/absorption and chemical reaction effects. The flow narrating partial differential equations are converted in terms of ordinary differential equations by means of suitable transformation. A computational algorithm (shooting method along with Runge-Kutta scheme) is executed to offered numerical solution. The effects of an involved flow controlling parameters namely curvature parameter, mixed convection parameter, an inclination, magnetic field parameter, thermal stratification parameter, heat generation/absorption parameter, solutal stratification parameter and chemical reaction parameter are offered with the aid of graphs and tables. It is noticed that both Casson fluid temperature and Casson fluid concentration admits decline nature towards thermal stratification parameter and solutal stratification parameter respectively. In addition, the justification of present outcomes is obtained by developing comparison with existing published work. We found an excellent match which yields the surety of numerical results subject to Casson fluid flow brought by an inclined stretching cylindrical surface immersed in a double stratified medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The boundary layer flow across a slendering stretching sheet has gotten awesome consideration due to its inexhaustible pragmatic applications in nuclear reactor technology, acoustical components, chemical and manufacturing procedures, for example, polymer extrusion, and machine design. By keeping this in view, we analyzed the two-dimensional MHD flow across a slendering stretching sheet within the sight of variable viscosity and viscous dissipation. The sheet is thought to be convectively warmed. Convective boundary conditions through heat and mass are employed. Similarity transformations used to change over the administering nonlinear partial differential equations as a group of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Runge-Kutta based shooting technique is utilized to solve the converted equations. Numerical estimations of the physical parameters involved in the problem are calculated for the friction factor, local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers. Viscosity variation parameter and chemical reaction parameter shows the opposite impact to each other on the concentration profile. Heat and mass transfer Biot numbers are helpful to enhance the temperature and concentration respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent days, graphene is emanating as one of the most encouraging nanomaterials due to its continuous electrical conducting behaviour even at zero carrier concentrations. Heat transfer in non-Newtonian fluids plays a major role in technology and in nature due to its stress relaxation, shear thinning and thickening properties. With this incentive, we investigate the flow and heat transfer characteristics of electrically conducting liquid film flow of water based non-Newtonian nanofluids dispensed with graphene nanoparticles. For this investigation, we proposed a mathematical model for the flow of Jeffrey, Maxwell and Oldroyd-B nanofluids past a stretching surface in the presence of transverse magnetic field and non-uniform heat source/sink. Numerical results are carried out by employing Runge-Kutta-Felhberg integration scheme. The influence of pertinent parameters on reduced Nusselt number, friction factor, flow and heat transfer is discussed with the assistance of graphs. Embedding the graphene nanoparticles effectively enhances the thermal conductivity of Jeffrey nanofluid when compared with the Oldroyd-B and Maxwell nanofluids. Deborah number in terms of relaxation time plays a major role in convective heat transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the momentum, heat and mass transfer behaviour of MHD nanofluid flow embedded with conducting dust particles past an inclined permeable stretching sheet in presence of radiation, nonuniform heat source/sink, volume fraction of nano particles, volume fraction of dust particles and chemical reaction. We have considered Cu-water nanofluid embedding with conducting dust particles. The governing partial differential equations of the flow, heat and mass transfer are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformation and solved numerically using Runge-Kuttabased shooting technique. The effects of non-dimensional governing parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are discussed with the support of graphs. Also, skin friction coefficient, Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are discussed and presented through tables. Under some special conditions present results have good agreement with the existed results. It is observed a raise in the heat transfer rate due to increase in the fluid particle interaction parameter. It is also observed that an increase in chemical reaction parameter enhances the mass transfer rate of the dusty nanofluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A theoretical analysis is performed to investigate the free convective heat and mass transfer in three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic slip flow of a nanofluid over a slendering (variable thickness) stretching sheet in the presence of thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects. Our considerations are water as base fluid, graphene and magnetite as nanoparticles and we did the simultaneous study of them on various profiles. R-K-Felhberg-integration scheme is employed to resolve the altered governing nonlinear equations. Influences of the parameters of concern on the common profiles (velocity, temperature, concentration) are conversed (in two cases). By viewing the same parameters, the skin friction coefficient, heat and mass transfer are discussed with the assistance of tables in two instances. It is found that the momentum, thermal and concentration boundary layers of water-graphene and water-magnetite nanofluids are non-uniform. It is also found that the rate of heat and mass transfer is high in water-graphene nanofluid when compared with the water-magnetite nanofluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present report covers the investigation of three-dimensional MHD nanofluid flow over a slendering (variable thickness) stretching sheet bearing thermophoresis, Brownian motion and slip effects. For this investigation, we considered water based Cu and CuO nanofluids. With the assistance of similarity transformations, we changed the derived governed equations as ordinary differential equations. The mathematical results determined by employing Runge-Kutta and Newton’s methods. We exhibit and explain the graphs for various parameters of interest. We discussed the skin friction coefficient, reduced Nusselt and reduced Sherwood numbers for the influence of the pertinent parameters with the assistance of tables separately for two nanofluids. (Cu-water and CuO-water). Results are validated by comparing with the published results and found a favorable agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a theoretical investigation on the Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects on the flow, heat and mass transfer in magnetohydrodynamic Jeffrey, Maxwell and Oldroyd-B nanofluids over a cone in the presence of non-uniform heat source/sink effects and variable magnetic fields. The transformed systems of nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved numerically. Buongiorno's two-component heterogeneous model is used for the nanofluids in the hypothesis that nanoparticles have slip velocity relative to the base fluid, originating from the Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The effects of various non-dimensional governing parameters on the flow, heat and mass transfer are discussed with the help of graphs and tables. A good agreement is obtained between the present results and the ones exist in literature. It is observed that Maxwell nanofluid is highly influenced by the magnetic field while compared with the Jeffrey and Oldroyd-B nanofluids. In addition, the non-uniform heat source/sink parameter acts like a major controlling parameter of the nanofluid flow and heat transfer rate. Furthermore, the heat transfer rate of Jeffrey nanofluid is significantly stronger than the one of Oldroyd-B and Maxwell nanofluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study covers the relative study of non-aligned magnetohydrodynamic stagnation point flow of a nanofluid comprising gyrotactic microorganisms across a stretching sheet in the presence of nonlinear thermal radiation and variable viscosity. The governing equations transitioned as nonlinear ordinary differential equations with suited similarity transformations. With the assistance of Runge-Kutta based shooting method, we derived solutions. Results for oblique and free stream flow cases are exhibited through plots for the parameters of concern. In tabular form, heat and mass transfer rate along with the local density of the motile microorganisms are analyzed for some parameters. It is found that local density of the motile microorganisms is highly influenced by the Biot and Peclet numbers. Rising values of the magnetic field parameter, Biot number, thermal radiation parameter and thermophoresis parameter increase the thermal boundary layer. Bioconvection Peclet number and bioconvection Lewis number have tendency to reduce the density of the motile microorganisms. It is also found that thermal and concentration boundary layers become high in free stream flow when compared with the oblique flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This communication addresses the thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects on magnetohydrodynamic radiative Falkner-Skan flow of Casson fluid over a wedge with convective condition. In most of the existing studies thermal radiation is linear. Due to the noticeable significance of the numerous industrial as well as engineering applications, in this study we measured the thermal radiation is nonlinear. Numerical results are presented graphically as well as in tabular form with aid of Runge-Kutta and Newton’s methods. Effects of pertinent parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration distributions are presented and discussed for three wedge positions (i.e. static wedge, forward and backward movements of wedge). For engineering interest we also computed friction factor, heat and mass transfer rates. It is observed that thermal, concentration and momentum boundary layers are not uniform at different wedge positions. It is also observed that the heat and mass transfer rate is high when the wedge is moving in forward direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we inquired the cross-diffusion effects on the magnetohydrodynamic Williamson fluid flow across a variable thickness stretching sheet by viewing velocity slip. With the aid of Runge-Kutta based shooting process, we resolved the transformed differential equations numerically. The effects of different dimensionless parameters on three usual profiles (velocity, temperature, concentration) along with skin friction coefficient, heat transfer rate and mass transfer rate are examined with the support of plots and tables. Dual solutions are exhibited for two cases i.e., Newtonian fluid and non-Newtonian fluid. Results reveal that the Soret and Dufour numbers have drift to control the thermal and concentration boundary layers. We also found a good agreement of the present results by comparing with the published results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated the effects of nonlinear thermal radiation and non-uniform heat source/sink in unsteady three-dimensional flow of Carreau and Casson fluids past a stretching surface in the presence of homogeneous–heterogeneous reactions. The transformed governing equations are solved numerically using Runge–Kutta based shooting technique. We obtained good accuracy of the present results by comparing with the already published literature. The influence of dimensionless governing parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles along with the friction factors, local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers is discussed and presented graphically. We presented dual solutions for flow, heat and mass transfer in Carreau and Casson fluids. It is found that the heat and mass transfer rate in Casson fluid is significantly high while compared with the Carreau fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of transpiration on magnetohydrodynamic stagnation-point flow of a Carreau nanofluid toward a stretching/shrinking sheet in the presence of thermophoresis and Brownian motion was investigated numerically. The transformed governing partial differential equations are solved using Runge–Kutta coupled with shooting technique. The effect of pertinent parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles along with the friction factor, local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers is presented graphically and through tables. It is observed that, increasing values of the thermophoresis parameter enhances the heat and mass transfer rate, whereas the Weissenberg number enlarges the momentum boundary layer thickness along with the heat and mass transfer rate. A good agreement of the present results has been observed by comparing with the published results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study we analyzed the momentum and heat transfer behavior of CuO-water and Al2O3-waternanofluids embedded with micrometer sized conducting dust particles towards a porous stretching/shrinking cylinder at different temperatures in presence of suction/injection, uniform magnetic field, shape of nano particles, volume fraction of micro and nano particles. The governing boundary layer equations are transformed to nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformation. Numerical solutions of these equations can be obtained by using Runge-Kutta Felhberg technique. The influence of non-dimensional governing parameters on the flow field and heat transfer characteristics are discussed and presented through graphs and tables. Results indicates that spherical shaped nano particles showed better thermal enhancement compared with cylindrical shaped nano particles, increase in volume fraction of nano particles helps to enhance the uniform thermal conductivity. But it does not happen by increase in volume fraction of dust particles. Enhancement in fluid particle interaction reduces the friction factor and improves the heat transfer rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerical investigation is carried out to analyze the flow, heat and mass transfer characteristics of gyrotactic microorganisms contained magneto hydrodynamic Casson fluid flow towards a vertical rotating cone/plate in porous medium. In the presence of thermo diffusion and diffusion thermo effects we have presented dual solutions for the flow over a rotating cone and a rotating flat plate. Further, the numerical solutions are elucidated by using Runge–Kutta–Felhberg integration Scheme. Obtained results are validated with open literature and found an excellent agreement. The influence of non-dimensional governing parameters on velocity, temperature, concentration and density of the motile microorganisms along with the friction factor, local Nusselt, Sherwood numbers and the local density of the motile microorganisms was determined and discussed with the help of graphs and tables. Results proved that there is a significant variation of heat and mass transfer in the flow over a rotating cone and a plate. It is also found that the heat and mass transfer performance of the flow over a rotating cone is significantly high while compared with the flow over a rotating plate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]