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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health problem with long - term micro and macrovascular complications. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a sight - threatening chronic complication of diabetes mellitus in adults. In this study, we determined the frequency of DR and the relationship between Glycated Albumin (GA) levels, duration of diabetes and Microalbuminuria with DR in type 2 diabetic patients. Two hundred and fourty seven type 2 diabetic patients participated in this study. In the first examination, reti nopathy was evaluated by ophthalmoscopy through dilated pupil by experienced ophthalmologist. Based on their optic fundi findings they were classified into three groups; without retinopathy, had non - proliferative DR (NPDR) and had proliferative diabetic re tinopathy (PDR). In addition, the patients were classified in three groups according to their GA levels; below 17 %, between 17 and 25% and above 25%. According to the duration of diabetes the patients were divided into three groups. First group consisted of patients who were diabetic for less than five years, the second group consists of patients who had diabetes for a period 6 - 10 years and the third group, who were diabetic for more than 10 years. According to our results, there was a significant relatio nship between duration of diabetes and DR (both nonproliferative and proliferative) (p

Aims: To evaluate microalbuminuria and HbA1c as early risk markers of nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. To correlate microalbuminuria and HbA1c with duration of Diabetes Mellitus. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study included randomly selected Uncontrolled Type 2DM [n=50], Controlled Type 2DM [n=50] and healthy controls [n=50]. Informed consent of each patient and healthy controls were taken. Complete clinical details, general physical and systemic examinations were recorded. The fasting venous blood was obtained for glycated haemoglobin and serum creatinine, while their morning urine sample was obtained for detection of microalbuminuria. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 16.0. One-Way ANOVA was performed. All p-values