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The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is the primary source of vegetable oil cultivation globally, and it is considered to be the most profitable oil commodity per hectare. E. guineensis Jacq. micropropagation technique can be achieved through the somatic embryogenesis process, allowing the efficient and true-to-type propagation of plants. The somatic embryogenesis (SE) mechanism describes the interaction of endogenous signals and gene reprogramming, generating signaling that develops embryo pathways. Somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinases (SERKs) are leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases expressed in numerous plant signaling pathways. The SERK gene contributes an essential part in the development of embryos from single somatic cells. The characterization of SERK genes in E. guineensis Jacq. is still limited and under-explored. The objective of this research is to examine the characteristics of SERK gene by comparing the differences and similarities of SERK gene in E. guineensis Jacq. to other crops as well as their evolutionary relationship. The method was initiated by identifying nucleotide sequences from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. Furthermore, it consists of the analysis of nucleotide alignment, alignment of amino acid sequences, protein analysis, protein motif function discovery and analysis of phylogenetic tree. The phylogenetic tree shows E. guineensis Jacq. has a very close relationship with Dendrobium officinale based on the SERK protein and protein motifs. These insights have implications for unraveling the long-term embryo differentiation processes of E. guineensis Jacq. and other crops during propagation by somatic embryogenesis.

Oil palm has a high potential for nutrient use efficiency, meaning it can produce high yields with relatively low nutrient inputs compared to other crops. Nutrient use efficiency is significant for nutrient balance and supply, like Nitrogen (N) and Potassium (K), which are vital for oil palm growth and fruit production. Research includes breeding for traits that enhance nutrient uptake and utilization and developing new fertilizer formulations and application techniques. This research aimed to investigate the response of some oil palm genetic backgrounds to the application of fertilizer level. The study was organized using randomized block design with two factors: fertilizer dosage [0% (P0), 100% (P1), 75% (P2), and 50% (P3) of the recommended dosage], and plant material [populations 1-3 (V1-V3)], repeated six times. The treatment of providing fertilizer doses at 50% of the recommendation (P3) shows more efficient and positive effect in the oil palm seedling growth. Population V2, given the treatment of fertilizer doses at 50% of the recommendation (P3), shows more efficient and positive responses in the oil palm seedling growth.

Indigenous tree species play an important yet underestimated role in tropical ecosystems’ carbon sequestration, mitigating global climate change. Tamanu (Calophyllum inophyllum), an indigenous tree species, is studied for its carbon sequestration capacity in Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, an environmentally diverse location. Our comprehensive investigation included aboveground and belowground biomass, soil carbon concentration, and understory carbon content. The study found that tamanu stands can store carbon in their biomass, understorey, and soil, i.e., 54.2, 0.5, and 64 tons/ha, respectively. It was also shown that soil stores the most carbon because the Tamanu planted in this study area is still relatively young and has a relatively large space. This study also revealed the understory plants’ often overlooked role, increasing these ecosystems’ carbon sequestration capability. The need for comprehensive conservation programs considering carbon storage above and below ground is highlighted. The above discoveries contribute to creating efficient local climate mitigation policies and the global effort to combat climate change.

One of the symbols of biodiversity in Indonesia’s lower montane forest is Petungkriyono. Due to its location adjacent to populated areas, it has an impact on the survival of the local flora and animals in the Petungkriyono forest area. This study aims to provide a preliminary description of the plant and animal species found in the Petungkriyono forest area. A synoptic review method to Petungkriyono biodiversity publications was used in the writing of the article. The study’s findings revealed that the Petungkriyono forest region consisted of 168 species of wildlife and 204 species of plants. Certain species are endemic, while others fall into the IUCN conservation status categories of Vulnerable (VU), Endangered (EN), and Critically Endangered (CR). It is also a certain that a number of species will be added to the CITES Appendix list in 2023 (Appendices I and II). The demands of population expansion and poaching are the current issues, burdening the forest areas that are already there. High biodiversity, stunning scenery, and the presence of indigenous knowledge can all present opportunities for ecotourism. Immediate implementation of conservative measures, such as maximizing current opportunities to preserve biodiversity, is essential.

The Petungkriyono forest is one of the few remnant tropical forests on the island of Java, particularly in Central Java. This forest is known for its high conservation value due to its abundance of biodiversity, particularly the endangered Javan gibbon or Owa Jawa (Hylobates moloch). The Petungkriyono people, on the other hand, rely on upland agriculture and cultivation on steep slopes as a means of subsistence, which poses a threat to the Petungkriyono forest. This paper aims to formulate the direction of the community land use at the habitat of Javanese gibbon at Petungkriyono. The method used the Spatial Multi-Criteria Analysis (SMCA). SMCA was applied to create the initial model of the zoning description of sustainable land use in Petungkriyono. The SMCA analysis process includes goal setting and conceptualization, data collection, analysis, field ground checks, and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with the community and related parties. The result showed that considering the massive changes of land use at Petungkriyono almost 70% of the area is formulated for perservation and protection to support the conservation of Javan gibbon.