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2 results on '"Mastura Neyazi"'

1. Tissue-dependent transcriptional and bacterial associations in primary sclerosing cholangitis-associated inflammatory bowel disease [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]

Author

Nicholas E. Ilott, Carolina V. Arancibia-Cárcamo, Mastura Neyazi, Fiona Powrie, and Alessandra Geremia

Subjects
Primary sclerosing cholangitis, IBD, transcriptomics, microbiome, eng, Medicine, Science
Abstract

Background: Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) frequently have co-ocurring ulcerative colitis (UC) and develop colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer risk in patients with PSC-associated ulcerative colitis (PSC/UC) is elevated relative to patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) alone, reasons for which remain obscure. Understanding the molecular and microbial basis for differences between these two patient groups and how these vary across intestinal sites is important for the development of therapies to prevent colorectal cancer development in at-risk individuals. Methods: We employed ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of biopsy samples across three intestinal tissue locations (ileum, caecum and rectum) in patients with PSC/UC (ileum n = 7, caecum n = 7, rectum n = 7), UC (ileum n = 9, caecum n = 10, rectum n = 10) and healthy controls (ileum n = 11, caecum n = 9, rectum n = 12) to determine tissue-dependent transcriptional alterations in PSC/UC. We also performed 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) amplicon sequencing to determine bacterial associations with PSC/UC. Results: Tissue-defining transcriptional signatures revealed that the ileum was enriched for genes involved in lipid and drug metabolism, the caecum for activated immune cells and the rectum for enteric neurogenesis. Transcriptional alterations relative to healthy control samples were largely shared between patients with PSC/UC or UC although were distinct across tissue locations. Nevertheless, we observed reduced expression of gamma-glutamyl transferase 1 (GGT1) specifically in the ileum and caecum of patients with PSC/UC. Analysis of the bacterial component of the microbiome revealed high inter-individual variability of microbiome composition and little evidence for tissue-dependency. We observed a reduction in Parabacteroides relative abundance in the rectum of patients with PSC/UC. Conclusions: The role of gamma-glutamyl transferase in maintaining the redox environment through the glutathione salvage pathway makes our observed alterations a potential pathway to PSC-associated colorectal cancer.

Published
2022
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2. Organoids as host models for infection biology - a review of methods

Author

Margarida Saraiva, Carmen Aguilar, I. Anna S. Olsson, Mastura Neyazi, M. A. Silva, and Sina Bartfeld

Subjects
Adult stem cells, Host (biology), Clinical Biochemistry, Disease progression, Computational biology, Review Article, Biology, Biochemistry, Organoids, Infection biology, Immune system, Nerve cells, Organoid, Molecular Medicine, Microbiome, Molecular Biology, Adult stem cell, Biological models
Abstract

Infectious diseases are a major threat worldwide. With the alarming rise of antimicrobial resistance and emergence of new potential pathogens, a better understanding of the infection process is urgently needed. Over the last century, the development of in vitro and in vivo models has led to remarkable contributions to the current knowledge in the field of infection biology. However, applying recent advances in organoid culture technology to research infectious diseases is now taking the field to a higher level of complexity. Here, we describe the current methods available for the study of infectious diseases using organoid cultures., Infectious diseases: Mini-organ studies could facilitate personalized treatments Using miniaturized, three-dimensional versions of organs and tissues to model infectious diseases could improve understanding of patient-specific responses and inform personalized therapies. Organoid cultures are generated from tissue-specific adult stem cells, and recreate some of the original cellular structure of a given organ or tissue. They also mimic the organ’s molecular mechanisms and responses. Sina Bartfeld at the Julius Maximilians Universität Würzburg, Germany, and coworkers reviewed recent research into organoid cultures for modeling infections and disease progression. Creating organoids from different individuals allows scientists to monitor how infections behave in unique hosts. Organoid studies have highlighted specific targets for initial infection by bacteria, identified host factors that influence disease outcomes, and clarified patient-specific responses to treatments. Future organoids should be more complex, incorporating immune and nerve cells, and even factoring in the microbiome.

Published
2020

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