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The thermoregulation behaviour of the adult codling moth, Cydia pomonella, is investigated in the laboratory using temperature gradient experiments. Unmated males and females are tested at dawn when moths typically move to resting sites. Mated females are tested during oviposition over a complete diurnal cycle. Temperature strongly affects microhabitat selection in adult moths. Unmated males and females prefer to rest at the low-temperature ends of temperature gradients between 15 and 32 °C. Relative humidity does not influence the thermal response in unmated females, whereas males show a less distinct temperature selection under high humidity. By contrast to unmated moths, ovipositing females prove to be highly thermophilous (i.e. they deposit the highest proportions of their eggs in the zones of highest temperatures of gradients between 15 and 36 °C). This striking discrepancy in thermal response of females between their premating and oviposition period is likely to reflect an adaptation to different selection pressures from the thermal environment. Unmated moths may benefit from low temperatures by a longer lifespan and crypsis within the tree canopy, whereas the choice of warmer oviposition sites by mated females will favour a faster development of eggs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selection of habitats with favourable temperature by the apple blossom weevilAnthonomus pomorum(L.) is investigated in a temperature gradient arena with a range of approximately 0–15 °C. Single female and male weevils are tested in the arena 2, 4 and 6 days after termination of diapause, during photophase and during scotophase. During photophase, weevils of both sexes choose the warmest part of the temperature gradient arena, irrespective of the time elapsed after diapause. During scotophase, high temperature is favoured by male weevils, as well as by females 2 and 4 days after diapause. However, 6 days after termination of diapause, females show no thermal preference in the temperature gradient arena during scotophase, indicating that thermal choice of femaleA. pomorumin the scotophase changes with time after the termination of diapause. The results suggest that both sexes benefit from thermoregulation by habitat choice during photophase when the weevils are flight active and colonize apple trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermoregulation behaviour of the codling moth,Cydia pomonella, is investigated in temperature gradient experiments with larvae feeding within apples, and with mature larvae searching for cocooning sites. Feeding larvae appear to prefer the apple hemisphere with a higher temperature (i.e. they build larger cavities in the radiated, warmer part of the fruit). The proportion of larval cavities in the warmer hemisphere is positively related to increasing apple temperature on that side, as well as to the temperature difference between the warm and the cool fruit hemisphere. The mechanism in feeding larvae can be termed as cryptic basking because, during microhabitat selection, the caterpillars exploit temperature differences that are caused explicitly by incident solar radiation. Fifth-instar larvae in search of cocooning sites show no temperature preference within the large gradient offered (9–29 °C), with no difference between males and females. During larval development, the insect changes its thermoregulation behaviour in response to a possible shift in benefits of an elevated body temperature with respect to environmental conditions. Both the thermoregulation behaviour and such a shift of behavioural response should be respected when simulating body temperatures of the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]