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The use of silico-manganese slag as a substitute for cement in the preparation of concrete will not only reduce pollution in the atmosphere and on land due to solid waste but also reduce the cost of concrete. To explore this possibility, silico-manganese slag concrete was prepared by using silico-manganese slag as an auxiliary cementitious material instead of ordinary silicate cement. The mechanical properties of the silico-manganese slag concrete were investigated by means of slump and cubic compressive strength tests. The rates of mass loss and strength loss of silico-manganese slag concrete were tested after 25, 50, and 75 cycles. The effect of the silica–manganese slag admixture on the microfine structure and properties of concrete was also investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, the damage to the silica–manganese slag concrete after numerous salt freezing cycles was predicted using the Weibull model. The maximum enhancement of slump and compressive strength by silica–manganese slag was 17.64% and 11.85%, respectively. The minimum loss of compressive strength after 75 cycles was 9.954%, which was 34.96% lower than that of the basic group. An analysis of the data showed that the optimal substitution rate of silica–manganese slag is 10%. It was observed by means of electron microscope scanning that the matrix structure was denser and had less connected pores and that the most complete hydration reaction occurred with a 10% replacement of silica–manganese slag, where an increase in the number of bladed tobermorite and flocculated C-S-H gels was observed to form a three-dimensional reticulated skeleton structure. We decided to use strength damage as a variable, and the two-parameter Weibull theory was chosen to model the damage. The final comparison of the fitted data with the measured data revealed that the model has a good fitting effect, with a fitting parameter above 0.916. This model can be applied in real-world projects and provides a favorable basis for the study of damage to silica–manganese slag concrete under the action of salt freezing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of seawater and sea sand as replacements for fresh water and river sand in the preparation of seawater and sea sand concrete can effectively address issues such as high transportation costs, extended construction periods, and resource wastage. Nevertheless, in northern coastal areas, the problem of concrete durability in the complex and changing marine environment is more prominent. Research on the durability of seawater sea sand concrete is beneficial to the widening of its application range. To investigate the impact of glass fiber (GF) and polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVA) with different blending methods on the seawater freeze–thaw resistance of seawater sea sand concrete (SSC), corresponding specimens were prepared, and seawater freeze–thaw cycling tests were conducted. By adopting the slow-freezing method and combining macro-structure and micro-morphology, the damage mechanism and the deterioration law of fiber-reinforced SSC under seawater freezing and thawing were investigated. The results indicate that, macroscopically, the incorporation of GF and PVA can effectively mitigate the damage to the matrix and reduce the effects of external erosive substances on the rate of strength loss, the rate of mass loss, and the relative dynamic elastic modulus. After 75 cycles, the SSC with a total volume doping of 0.3% and a blending ratio of 1:1 showed a 41.23% and 27.55% reduction in mass loss and strength loss, respectively, and a 29.9% improvement in relative dynamic elastic modulus compared with the basic group. Microscopic analysis reveals that the combined effect of freezing and expansion forces, the expansive substances generated by seawater intrusion into the interior of the matrix, and salt crystallization all weaken the bond between aggregate and mortar, leading to accelerated deterioration of the concrete. The incorporation of fibers enables the matrix to become denser and improves its crack-resistant properties, resulting in a better durability than that of the basic group. The damage prediction model established by the NSGM(1,N) model of gray system theory exhibits high accuracy and is suitable for long-term prediction, accurately predicting the damage of seawater sea sand concrete under seawater freeze–thaw coupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a countermeasure to the problem of brittleness of seawater sea sand concrete (SSC), volumetric admixture of glass fiber (GF) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber was used as variable, the corresponding specimens were prepared, and the cube compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, axial compressive strength, and elastic modulus were tested. The microstructure of fiber reinforced seawater sea sand concrete was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) scanning and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) dot scanning, and a model was established based on the grey system theory. The research results show that the fiber can effectively reduce the formation of cracks, leading to a ductile failure of the specimen. In general, the mechanical properties of mixed fiber were improved better than that of single fiber, and the hybrid ratio 2:1 brings a improvement of 24. 2% and 38. 8% for the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength, respectively. The hybrid ratio of 1:1 increases the axial compressive strength and elastic modulus by 34. 5% and 15. 5%. It was observed by SEM and EDS that fiber incorporation could densify the matrix, while the main disadvantage of SSC was that the salt crystallization generated by corrosive ions and swelling substances weakened the bond between aggregate and mortar, resulting in defects of interfacial transition zone (ITZ) . The established NSGM(1, 3) model has a high accuracy, the accuracy reaches class II and conforms to the long-term prediction, which provides a favorable basis for the study of the strength evolution of fiber reinforced seawater sea sand concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]