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The article explores the Black political activism in Brazil under a military rule. Topics discussed include the military stance on the existence of racism in the society, the collective mobilization of African-Brazilians, and the participation of Black political actors in the events following the enactment of the Amnesty Bill and the Party Reform Bill.

This essay deals with the political upheaval of modern art after the civilianmilitary coup that took place in Brazil in 1964. The disappointment with the constructive project of Latin American art and the construction of Brasilia led many artists to question the capacity of Modern art to transform the reality. If the constructivist vanguards were dominant from the years 1950 to 1964, after those years it comes the art of new French realism and pop art. The Brazilian pop art will assume an ambiguous political discourse, sometimes critical of the influence of cultural industry in society or, more frequently a discourse of enchantment with the new society of consumerism. After the political closure and the violence in Brazil since 1968, many artists resolved to follow the example of the guerrillas in the field of visual arts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazil is traditionally regarded as having been distant from its Latin American neighbours. However, new documents show that it was actually very involved in the Cold War struggles that engulfed the Southern Cone during the early 1970s. In Chile, Bolivia and Uruguay, Brazil's military regime intervened to prevent or overturn left-wing gains. It also did its best to encourage the United States to play a greater role in fighting the region's Cold War. Finally, it served as the model that military leaders in the Southern Cone looked to as they plotted to seize power. Examining these direct and indirect forms of influence, with particular reference to the relationship between Brazil and Chile, this article argues that Brazil's experience after 1964 was a game changer when it came to the way in which the inter-American Cold War unfolded. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The present paper aims to reflect on the experience of a small group of public servants and technicians working in government bodies linked to land ownership issues within the Brazilian military dictatorship (1964-85). This group behavior was guided by agrarian reform defense as an expression of land ownership democratization. The group was formed by people that, in their daily work, hadlearned to seize the minimum administrativespace to defend a reformist project. I assume that the agrarian reform ideal conceived as a historical need socially built was determinant to the existence, the actuation and the social reproduction of agrarian reform guardians as a group as well as individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazilian military government's crimes, during 1964 to 1985, taken as State crimes, are the focus of this article. Through analysis of the precedent history and the contemporary history to military dictatorship is possible to understand that the state agents had practiced several serious crimes against people that was had as subversive, taken as enemies of the government, were people eager to fight a system imposed by a misleading legality. They were citizens searching the freedom, which every day was hampered during this period. The topic that was, for a long time, a forbidden discussion is now put into debate. Draw up considerations about the impunity of those agents who acted on behalf of the State in order to promote the power and the money. Essential, therefore, the historical analysis of the facts of the time to build from there, a criminological analysis of those acts of the Brazilian state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While much has been written about democracy and democratization, far less attention has been paid to the institutional organization of authoritarian regimes. Scholars have focused on the causes, economic policies, societal support, intra-elite conflicts, or human-rights violations of authoritarian regimes. More recently, political scientists have also studied the role of elections and legislatures on the survival of authoritarian regimes. However, the very different ways in which authoritarian regimes, and military regimes in particular, organize the government, occupy the state apparatus, and modify the country's political institutions have largely gone under-theorized. This essay contributes to fill in this void by analyzing how the last military regimes of Argentina (1976-1983) and Brazil (1964-1985) organized power within the state and the legacies of such organization on the institutions of federalism. The essay argues that variation in the organization of the state under the military regimes accounts for the divergent origins of post-developmental decentralization, which in turn explains the contrasting evolution of intergovernmental relations in each country. The article contributes to the recent literature on electoral authoritarian regimes by showing that elections and legislatures matter not only to regime survival but also to policy outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article elucidates the latest developments in the 'politics of memory' regarding the military regime in Brazil. Only recently, I argue, has the Brazilian state abandoned its 'politics of silence' and started to actively champion the memory of the left-wing 'resistance'. This new strategy climaxed in a governmental crisis over a historic plan to establish a National Truth Commission to investigate human rights violations during the military regime. The article analyses key incidents and debates prior to the crisis, and contrasts the post-dictatorial collective memory of Brazil with that of other Latin American countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay focuses on television censorship during the last military regime in Brazil (1964-1985) by examining the performance of television censors employed by the Public Entertainment Censor Department (Divisao de Censura e Diversoes Publicas, DCDP). It challenges common perceptions about small-screen censorship during this period, pointing to the need to analyse the boundaries and the spaces of autonomy in each television genre. It focuses on the multiple tensions and struggles between the written procedures and codes, the censors' subjective interpretation of television texts and the negotiation process of the broadcast contents between censors and television producers. The recent opening of the Censor Division Archives (DCDP) and the deluge of biographies, autobiographies and testimonials of key television figures during the authoritarian regime, have opened up new perspectives to examine Brazilian TV history and the place television censors had within it. Annotated and censored scripts of telenovelas and comedy series, correspondence exchanged between the executives of Globo Television Network, the hegemonic TV station in Brazil at the time, and the regime's authorities, printed press reports, as well as audiovisual content that is now available to researchers, constitute some of the sources analysed in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the functioning of the Centro de Informações do Exterior (CIEX), an agency linked to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Itamaraty) and National Intelligence Service (SNI), which was charged with spying political opponents of the Brazilian military regime exiled in neighboring countries. The study aims at examining one component of the repressive system set by the Brazilian dictatorship that had a relative degree of interaction with other military dictatorships in the region of the Southern Cone. The article demonstrates that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs cooperated intensively with the Brazilian military regime.Intelligence [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article addresses the relationship between media and propaganda as presented in the 1972 issue of the Brazilian journal "Revista O Cruzeiro" which celebrated the 150 year anniversary of Brazilian independence. The author discusses the journal's content in the context of the political and ideological influence of the Brazilian military government on the preparations for the 150th century anniversary celebration. He also makes reference to the government's propaganda strategies and the civic values is sought to encourage in the early 1970s.

The article discusses archives of documents concerning the military government that ruled Brazil from 1964 to 1985. Topics discussed include: the killing of Brazilian journalist Valdimir Herzog, who was killed in 1975 by the government, freedom of the press, and government policy related to historical documents.

Copyright of Estudos de Sociologia is the property of Universidade Estadual Paulista and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)