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The aim of this study is to achieve a comparative analysis of the cow livestock number, production of milk and of main dairy products in Romania and European Union. The work is an extensive bibliographic documentation with the application of statistical tests for the period 2017-2021. At European Union level the herd of dairy cows is in decreasing with 5.63% and in Romania with 7.95%, from 1175.4 thousand heads in 2017 to 1081.9 thousand heads in 2021. The largest amount of raw milk available on the farm in 2021 belongs to Germany which records 32531.56 thousand tons, approx. 21% of the total quantity at EU level. In 2021 compared with 2017, the Europeans consumed with 3.91% less fresh dairy products and with approx. 5% more cheese. In the future, will be exploit more productive animals, making cow rearing a part of solutions in food crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to highlight the productive performance of the Pinzgau breed exploited in the Dornelor Basin, Suceava County. In this sense, a herd of 12 head of cattle, belonging to the Pinzgau breed, was studied, both the red variety and the black variety, which were followed by the productive performances at the ascendancy and descent of the nucleus from the farm. Also, the parameters regarding the quality of milk obtained from the studied cattle were analyzed. The ancestry of the studied herd is valuable with productions in the mother (M) of 5496 kg of milk, 4.22% fat and 3.39% protein, in the mother of the father (MT) of 5562 kg of milk, with 4.095% fat and 3.45% protein, and in the mother's mother (MM) of 5613 kg milk with 4.21% fat and 3.49% protein. The milk production in the offspring had an increasing evolution as follows: on total lactation 5922 Kg milk in lactation I and 6474 Kg milk in lactation II, and on normal lactation of 4820 Kg milk in lactation I and 4843 Kg milk in lactation II with average values of 4.26% fat and 3.24% protein in lactation I respectively 3.91% fat and 3.29% protein in lactation II. Regarding the quality of the milk, it had an average value of 86,000 thousand / ml milk in the total number of somatic cells (NCS) which shows us a quality milking, in hygienic conditions, respectively keeping the milk after milking in hygienic conditions, which shows the farmer's care for the cattle on the farm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the productive performances of the ascendants and descendants of the cows' herd belonging to the 4 basic breeds were analyzed, as follows: Holstein, Băl?ată cu negru românească (Romanian Black Spotted), Băl?ată românească (Romanian Spotted), and Brună de Maramure? (Maramures Bown), from 7 farms of Neam? county, which were encoded with numbers from 1 to 7. For the analysis of the ascendants' performances - mother (M), paternal grandmother (MT), and maternal grandmother (MM) - and of the offspring' performance, 3 indicators were determined regarding the milk production: the quantity per normal lactation (kg), the percent of fat, and the percent of protein. It was found that the best milk production in normal lactation of offspring was recorded in farm 2 (6161.25 kg), where a mixed herd of Holstein and Băl?ată cu negru românească breeds is raised. If we compare the phenotypic performances of the ascendants (mother of mother - MM), which realized an average milk production of 7205.44 kg, with the father's mother (MT) of 11.931 kg, and the mother's mother (MM) of 7949.83 kg we confirm that the phenotypic performance for the milk production in the offspring does not reach the level of those obtained by ancestry. This fact is due to management deficiency regarding the external factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the quality of milk production was analyzed in dairy cattle herds from 7 farms in Neamț County. For this, data from accredited associations were used to perform their own performance control (CPP), respectively the Association of Animal Breeders "Operator IA" Neamț, the Association of Cattle Breeders from Mureș County, as well as the date from the Genealogical Register. The quality of milk was assessed according to the seven specific indicators, as follows: somatic cell number (NCS), fat percentage (G%), protein percentage (P%), lactose proportion (L%), proportion of urea (U%), proportion of casein (C%) and the pH of the milk.The average daily milk production produced by the cows on these farms was also calculated (kg/head/day). The breeds raised on these farms are:Bălțată cu Negru Românească (BNR), Holstein, Brună de Maramureș and Bălțată Românească (BR). The best results of milk quality were obtained in Brună de Maramureș cows from farm 5 or Secuieni Neamț Agricultural Research and Development Station, the average values of the specific indicators on milk quality were as follows: NCS thousand / ml - 157.64, fat (%) -4.64, protein (%) - 3.73, lactose (%) -4.84, urea (%)-23.37casein (%) -28.78, pH - 6.60. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we analyzed the milk production indices, for normal lactation (305 days), on the first two lactations of Spotted Romanian cattle breed in two farms in Neamț County. To aim this, we used data from the Association of Cattle Breeders from Mureș County accredited for performing our own performance control (CPP) as well as data from the Genealogical Register. For the analysis of the productive performances, statistical processing of the primary data regarding the average value and the variability of the milk production indices for 4 characters was carried out, as follows: length of normal lactation (days), quantity of milk per normal lactation (kg), percentage of fat, and percentage of milk protein. The studied farms were coded with Arabic numerals: darm 1- I.I Ciucalău Aurelia Vasilica, and farm 2 - P.F.A. Pintea Ionela. The best productive performances were registered in farm 1, where the average milk production for the first lactation was 5967.80 kg, the average value of the fat percent was 4.08%, and the average value of the protein percent was 3.26%. At the second lactation, the average milk production was 5012.89 kg, the average value of the fat percent was 4.05%, and the average value of the protein percent was 3.31%. In the first lactation the average milk production per normal lactation was 5967.80 kg, but it decreased in the second lactation to 5012.89 kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aimed to present the situation of the mountain area in Romania between 2017 and 2019. This paper is based on statistical data provided by the National Sanitary-Veterinary Authority and for Food Safety and also by the National Institute of Statistics. These were processed within the National Agency of the Mountain Area in the following indicators: number of counties with mountain area, number of Administrative-Territorial Units in the mountain area, number of inhabitants in the mountain area, total area of the mountain area (km2), area of pastures and meadows in the mountain area (ha), the number of animals in the mountain area (cattle, sheep, goats, pigs). Compared with 2017, the number of animals, in 2019, registered significant decreases, which leads to negative effects on maintenance of permanent grassland areas in the mountain area, milk and meat production from animals, milk processing activities, respectively meat and, implicitly, reduced possibilities of developing farms in the mountain area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present the evolution of cattle numbers and production obtained in Neam? County during between 2010-2018. In carrying out this work, we have used statistical data provided by the Directorate for Agriculture and Rural Development, the County Animal Husbandry Office and the Association of Animal Breeders "Operator A.I.". The analysis was carried out within two forms of property: population households and companies and private associations. The following were found: the population households registered a decrease in the number of cattle (ca. 15%) and in the average milk production (ca. 20%), while the companies and private associations had an increase in the cattle population by 44.4% and in the average milk production by 21%. With regard to meat production, the average weight for slaughter increased from 339 kg/head in 2010 to 451 kg/head in 2018, the share being 33.12%. The study found an improvement of the main indicators (cattle number and production) only in the holdings that have at least 40-50 heads compared to the holdings with 1-2 heads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reveals original findings in agrobiodiversity, as part of the global biodiversity puzzle. The Grey Steppe cattle are endangered to extinction and are part of a genetic preservation program in Romania. The research approached the productive performance, the genetic determinism of milk production traits, studied on a Grey Steppe breed population nucleus of 30 individuals, throughout 4 productive cycles. The average milk yield in all 4 consecutive lactations reached 1858 kg per capita, while total lipids and proteins reached 4.41% and 3.56%. Recalculated for Maturity Equivalent, the production summed up 2197 kg milk (4.36% fat, 3.52% proteins). The electrophoresis profiling revealed 6 loci codifying the major proteins in milk: alpha-casein S1 (αS1-cz), beta-casein (β-cz), kappa-casein (K-cz), beta-lactoglobulin (β-lg), alpha-lactoglobulin (α-la) and alpha-casein S2 (αS2-cz). Apart from these, we identified a new allele in heterozygote state in two individuals of the studied population and we coded it αS1-CN IRV. The main lactoprotein is the kappa-casein (K-cz), identified with high heritability in the studied population (h² = 0.57 %), while the αS1 casein (αS1-cz) had intermediate capacity of transmittance across generations (h² = 0.29%). The Grey Steppe breed represents a valuable gene pool due to its high capacity of adaptation to local conditions, to its versatileness in using lower quality feed than other specialized breeds, as well as to its reproductive robustness and to its potential in bearing ancestral, undiscovered genes coding beneficial lactoprotein species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research was carried out on a number of 30 Sură de Stepă cows raised in semi-intensive stalling at S.C.D.C.B. - Dancu, Iasi. On this nucleus we studied the main lacto-proteins systems and the correlations with milk production indicators. At Sura de Stepă breed were identified alleles for the six loci codifying the six types of major milk proteins (α S1-cz; β-cz; K-cz; β-lg; α-la; α S2-cz). In the system αS1-cz allele αs1-Cn B has the greatest frequency (0.700), in the system β-cz allele α-Cn A2 (0.550), in the system K-cz allele k-CnA2 (0.583) and heterozygous genotype AB (0.416) respectively BB (0.375), in the system β-lg allele β-lgA1 has the greatest frequency (0.542) and heterozygous genotype AB (0.500), in the system α-la could be found a mono-morphism for allele α-la B and similar in the system αS2-cz for allele αs2-Cn A. Kappa-casein (K-cz) is positive and strongly correlated with fat % respectively protein % (rp = 0.58-0.77, rg = 0.67-0.83, rm = 0.64-0.87). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conservation and sustainable use of animal genetic resources was the subject of United Nation Convention from Rio de Janeiro since 1992 and International Treaty regarding phytogenetical resources for food and agriculture, in Romama, the conservation of genetic fund is scientifically accepted and applied somewhat in 1960 but at the time it has a legislative support Survey carries out on 33 cows were followed: milk yield indices per successive lactation body development indices at adult animals; intrapopulation genetic structure; genetic parameters. For estimating the genetic parameters has been used REML (Restricted Maximum Likelihood) method. From the productive point of view, milk yield ranges between 1493.36 kg and 2499.14 kg with variability over 28%. The average value for the size was 122.27 cm and body weight was 575.59 kg. Different studies shows average value for milk yield of 1624 kg for a mean of 216.54 days in 1947 at "AntonPaul"-llfov farm, 2172 kg in 1959 and 2310 kg in 196O, 1976 kg in 1963 at G. A. S Laza Vaslui, 1244 kg in 1961 at G.A.C "8 Mai" Săveni, Feteşti. The heritability coefficient (h²) has average value between 0.30-0.34 for the fat and milk quantity, and in case of fat percentage it may notice a strong genetic determinism. The studied population represents a valuable genetic fund, which must be preserved and ameliorated in the way of mixed production meat-milk and developed numerically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]