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Graphical abstract Highlights • Mineralization and alteration at Siruyidie'er prospect are related to a Miocene intrusion of granite porphyry. • The magma source of the granite porphyry is from an ancient lower crust. • The Siruyidie'er prospect has a potential to form porphyry Mo ± (Cu) deposit. • There is a possibility for the presence of porphyry Mo ± (Cu) deposit in the Pamir plateau. Abstract The Pamir and Tibetan plateaus, which have a similar terrane structure and evolutionary history since the Phanerozoic, are both host abundant Eocene to Miocene intrusions, however, unlike the Tibetan plateau, coeval porphyry deposits appear to be devoid in the Pamir plateau. In this study, we first report a potentially economic Cu-bearing sulfide mineralization at Siruyidie'er prospect in the Central Pamir. The Siruyidie'er prospect is characterized by the development of 14 breccia pipes in the north block and of Cu-bearing sulfide veins in the south block. Field evidence indicates that the brecciation and mineralization are intimately related to the intrusion of granite porphyry. Zircon U-Pb dating of the granite porphyry yields an age of 13.74 ± 0.21 Ma. This age overlaps with the hydrothermal muscovite 40Ar/39Ar data of 13.68 ± 0.17 Ma, which confirms the hydrothermal activity and mineralization at Siruyidie'er prospect are induced by the granite porphyry. The granite porphyries are shoshonitic in composition and have high K 2 O (6.03–6.46 wt%; K 2 O/Na 2 O = 1.70–1.92), Ba (2983–3316 ppm), LREE (317–363 ppm) and Sr (331–378 ppm), and low MgO (0.54–0.63 wt%), Cr (6.73–8.28 ppm) and Y (7.88–9.91 ppm) contents. The rocks are LREE-enriched ((La/Yb) N = 53–66) and display weakly negative Eu (Eu/Eu* = 0.79–0.87), positive LILES (Ba, Rb, and K) and negative HFSEs (Th, U, Nb, Ta, Ti, and Y) anomalies. They have enriched Hf isotopic compositions with ɛ Hf (t) values ranging from –8.78 to −5.01. The combined major and trace elements and Hf isotopic characteristics of the granite porphyries suggest that the primitive magmas were produced by high extent partial melting of an ancient crust source, possibly a thickened lower crust in the garnet stability field. A comparison of the granite porphyries at Siruyidie'er prospect with Eocene to Miocene ore-forming granitic porphyries of the Tibetan plateau reveals that the granite porphyries have lower water contents and originated from a continental crust rather than a depleted mantle source. Based on geological, compositional, and age data, we propose that the Siruyidie'er prospect has a potential to form porphyry Mo ± Cu deposit. This study provides the first direct evidence for the possible presence of porphyry Mo ± Cu deposit in the Pamir plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • LA-ICP-MS and SIMS were applied to pyrites from Shapoling vein-type Mo deposit. • Textural and chemical evolution of hydrothermal pyrite was proposed. • The Mo-bearing pyrite identified in our study could be used as a possible pathfinder for the exploration of high-grade Mo mineralization. Abstract The Early Cretaceous (ca. 128 Ma) Shapoling vein-type molybdenum (Mo) mineralization, associated with the Huashan intrusion is a newly discovered deposit in the Xiong'ershan district, East Qinling, China where pyrite is a ubiquitous mineral phase. Here we present results from an integrated study on the texture, in situ trace element chemistry from laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and sulfur isotopic composition using secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), with a view to understand the geochemical variation, genesis of Mo mineralization and ore-forming process. The distinct textural patterns as revealed by petrographic observations suggest three types of pyrites: Py1 is composed of coarse-grained euhedral pyrite in the wall rock and early barren quartz vein at Stage I, Py2 is represented by subhedral-anhedral grains coexisting with molybdenite in quartz veins at Stage II, and Py3 forms irregular interstitial grains in the quartz + K-feldspar + molybdenite dominated veins at Stage III. The Mo enrichment mainly occurred in Py3 (with Co/Ni ratios >1 and δ34S values mainly <0‰). Our study shows that Mo, Au, Pb, Zn, Ag and Cu are selectively partitioned into pyrite as mineral micro/nano-inclusions, and that the siderophile and chalcophile elements (such as Co, Ni, As, Se and Te) occur substituted within different textural types of pyrite. The δ34S values of the pyrites in Py1 and Py2 range between −2.33‰ and −0.37‰, indicating a dominantly magmatic origin. The δ34S values of Py3 increase from −2.55‰ to +1.48‰. In situ δ34S analysis of pyrite from Py1, Py2 to Py3 shows a progressive and gradual change in redox conditions. The negative values indicate oxidized sulfur in the early generation of pyrite (Py1 that coexists with magnetite). Conversely, positive values represent reduced sulfur found in the later generations of pyrite (Py3), which contain higher concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn and Ag. The Mo-bearing pyrite identified in our study could be used as a possible pathfinder for the exploration of high-grade Mo mineralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Xiaoshuijing Syenogranite hosting Mo mineralisation in the Tengchong Terrane. • Zircons from the syenogranite yield a U-Pb age of 65 ± 1 Ma. • The Re-Os Mo age of 64 Ma for the mineralisation is the same as the syenogranite's. • The syenogranite is related to a thickened crust resulting from the Neo-Tethys Ocean subduction. Abstract The Xiaoshuijing Syenogranite is the host of Mo mineralisation recently discovered in the Tengchong Terrane of southwestern China. Here, we present new zircon U-Pb ages and molybdenite Re-Os ages, whole-rock geochemical data, and zircon Hf isotopic data for the Xiaoshuijing Syenogranite hosting disseminated Mo mineralisation. The syenogranite's mineralogical and geochemical characteristics indicate it is a high-K, alkaline, and peraluminous granite. LA-ICP-MS analysis of zircon yields an age of 65 ± 1 Ma (n = 14, MSWD = 2.1), and yields negative zircon ε Hf (t) values ranging from −18.23 to −12.92, interpreted to have a crustal source. The Re-Os Mo age of 64 ± 2 Ma (n = 4, MSWD = 2.2) for the mineralisation is the same as the syenogranite's age, within error. The geochemistry also indicates that the syenogranite is related to a thickened crust resulting from the eastward subduction of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere shortly before the collision of the Indian and Eurasian continental crusts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The newly discovered giant Dahutang W–Cu–Mo deposit in the central part of the Jiangnan Orogen hosts an estimated resource of 1.1 million tons (Mt) of WO 3 , plus a proven resource of 0.65 Mt Cu and 0.08 Mt Mo. The Dahutang deposit is temporally and spatially associated with the Late Mesozoic S-type granites emplaced into the Neoproterozoic Jiuling granodiorite batholith and the Shuangqiaoshan Group. Based on petrographic observations, eight hydrothermal alteration/mineralization stages have been recognized, comprising pegmatitic (Stage I), potassic alteration (Stage II), albite alteration (Stage III), greisenization and main mineralization (Stage IV), polymetallic sulfide mineralization (Stage V), late scheelite mineralization (Stage VI), carbonate alteration (Stage VII) and supergene alteration (Stage VIII). Stage IV can be further divided into the early greisenization (Stage IV-A), the main wolframite mineralization (Stage IV-B) and the main scheelite mineralization (Stage IV-C). Fluid inclusion and H–O isotope analyses on nine Stage IV to VII ore/gangue minerals (wolframite, cassiterite, scheelite, sphalerite, fluorapatite, fluorite, quartz, calcite and chlorite) suggest the presence of an early W and a late Cu–Mo ore-forming fluid system. The early ore-forming fluids belong to a medium to high temperature (200°–420 °C), low salinity H 2 O–NaCl–CaCl 2 system. This primary magmatic-hydrothermal fluid (δ 18 O fluid  = 5.4 to 8.8‰ and δD = −102 to −75‰) was likely exsolved from the Late Jurassic granites at Dahutang. Wolframite and scheelite coexist closely with fluorapatite and fluorite, respectively, indicating that the volatile-rich fluids at Dahutang were also rich in tungsten, fluorine and phosphorous. Tungsten was likely transported as tungstate species (e.g., WO 4 2− and HWO 4 − ), oxygen fluorine complexes (e.g., [WO 2 F 4 ] 2− , [WO 3 F 2 ] 2− ) and phosphorous heteropolytungstate (e.g., [P(W 12 O 40 )] 3− ) in the fluids. Fluorapatite and wolframite may have precipitated first when the temperature dropped from 400° to 320 °C (along with pH increase) at an estimated depth of 7.8 km. This was likely followed by the extensive scheelite mineralization (with fluorite precipitation) that formed huge disseminated/veinlet-type W orebodies when the temperature further dropped to 200 °C (along with pH increase). After the W mineralization, extensive Cu–Mo polymetallic mineralization and the associated sericite-chlorite alterations may have formed by the granite porphyry and/or muscovite granite emplacement. The late ore-forming fluids belong to a medium to high temperature (200°–360 °C), low salinity H 2 O–NaCl–CaCl 2 system. Molybdenum was likely transported mainly as Mo complexes (e.g., H 2 MoO 4 /MoO 4 2− ), and copper as Cu–Cl complexes. Molybdenite and chalcopyrite may have begun to precipitate when the fluids ascended and the temperature dropped to 330 °C. Meteoric water incursion may have then occurred (δ 18 O fluid  = 1.9–6.9‰ and δD = −99 to −68‰) and further cooled the fluid system to 250 °C, forming large Cu–Mo orebodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Qianfanling quartz–vein type molybdenum deposit is located in the East Qinling–Dabie Mo belt. The Mo mineralization in the deposit is mainly present as structurally controlled Mo-bearing quartz veins. Based on chromatography analysis of the Qianfanling Mo deposit, the gas compositions of fluid inclusions in quartz dominantly contain H 2 O and relatively high concentrations of CO 2 (11.019 to 18.554 mol%). Cations and anions of liquid compositions of fluid inclusions are mainly Na + and Ca 2 + , and SO 4 2 − and Cl − , respectively. The characteristics of gas and liquid compositions of fluid inclusions in quartz indicate that the Qianfanling Mo deposit formed under conditions of high oxygen fugacity. Analytical results of He-Ar isotopes of fluid inclusions in pyrite from the Qianfanling Mo deposit show that 3 He/ 4 He ratios vary from 0.02438 to 0.0796 Ra (Ra is the 3 He/ 4 He ratio of air = 1.40 × 10 − 6 ), with F 4 He values of 252,509–885,224. The calculated He mantle values range from 0.18 to 0.87%, with an average of 0.39%. 40 Ar/ 36 Ar ratios are 694.4–1473.4, with the estimated 40 Ar* (radiogenic 40 Ar) proportion of 79.9%. These He-Ar isotopic data indicate that most of the He in the fluid inclusions was derived from the crust, with negligible atmospheric He and only a very small input from the mantle probably. Furthermore, the Ar in the ore-forming fluid was mainly derived from the crustal source, with minor atmospheric Ar involved. 17 Re–Os model ages of 15 molybdenite samples from the 4 quartz-vein type Mo deposits (Qianfanling, Daxigou, Maogou, and Zhifang) range from 215.0 to 248.2 Ma, with a mean value of 235.6 Ma, which is close to the age of peak collision between the North China and Yangtze Cratons. The Re contents in molybdenite from the 4 deposits range from 0.19 to 39.16 ppm, with an average of 17.41 ppm, indicating a crust-dominated source. Re contents in molybdenite from Mesozoic Mo deposits in different ages and types in the East Qinling–Dabie Mo belt show different characteristics of ore sources. Combined with gas and liquid compositions and He-Ar isotopic characteristics of fluid inclusions, as well as Re contents in molybdenite of this paper and previous studies, we suggest that the ore-forming fluid and material of the Qianfanling Mo deposit were mainly derived from crustal magmatic source. This magmatic source could have formed by partial melting of deep crustal rocks under a certain condition during the collision between the North China and Yangtze Cratons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over five hundred W-Mo skarns have been reported in the Neoproterozoic Seridó belt in the northeastern Brazil. The origin of these mineralizations has been attributed to metasomatic reactions occuring after the infiltration of hydrothermal fluids that are mostly derived from the plutonic magmatic activity that ranged between approximately 600 and 525 Ma. Here we date molybdenite using N-TIMS on Re-Os analysis of three major scheelite deposits (Brejuí, Bonfim and Bodó) hosted in the skarn horizons of the metasedimentary sequence. Molybdenite is an integral part of the mineralizations that include scheelite in skarns and, in the Bonfim deposit, gold concentrate in late brittle faults. The Re-Os ages are 554 ± 2 Ma (Brejuí), 524 ± 2 Ma (Bonfim) and 510 ± 2 Ma (Bodó). The age of the Brejuí molybdenite, however, appears to be anomalous based on the local geology of the deposit, which is located next to the contact of a batholith dated ca. 575 Ma. In turn, the Bonfim molybdenite yields similar ages in replicated samples with variable high Re contents. New U-Pb SHRIMP ages of four biotite (leuco)granite plutons vary from 577 ± 5 Ma to 526 ± 8 Ma, which overlap with molybdenite crystallization. These results indicate a close connection between the W-Mo mineralizations and the plutonic activity that intruded the belt after the peak HT/LP metamorphism. The latest pulses of felsic magmatism, which were contemporaneous with the emplacement of Be-Ta-Nb-Li pegmatites, therefore constitute a potential guide in the Seridó belt for prospective W-Mo deposits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt is the largest Mo mineralization belt in the world. The Yaochong porphyry Mo deposit is located in the northwest Dabie Mountains, with a proven reserve of 51 kt Mo metal at an average grade of 0.058%. Here we report geochronology and geochemistry results of the Yaochong porphyry Mo deposit. Zircon U-Pb LA-ICP-MS dating shows that the Yaochong porphyry dykes and a hidden intrusion formed at 135 Ma and 140 Ma, respectively, which are consistent with Early Cretaceous Mo mineralization events in the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt. Zircon grains from the Yaochong porphyry dikes (2–1788) and the hidden intrusion from drill holes (41–1940) have highly variable Ce 4+ /Ce 3+ values. It is very likely that both the intrusion and the dikes have experienced high oxygen fugacity, but was partially reduced through assimilation. Apatite grains from the Yaochong porphyry and the intrusion are characterized by high but variable F concentrations and low Cl concentrations, suggesting that they formed in an F-enriched environment with high F/Cl components in the magma source. The Ti-in zircon temperatures of the porphyry dikes range from 700 to 710 °C, whereas the average temperature of the buried intrusion nearby is 675 °C. Yaochong porphyry shows geochemical and petrologic characteristics similar to those of low F stockwork type porphyry Mo deposit in North America, which may be inherited from the Dabie suture zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Suyunhe large porphyry Mo deposit (∼0.57 Mt molybdenum), located in the West Junggar, NW China, is the largest known porphyry Mo deposit in Xinjiang. Granitoids in this deposit are mainly characterized by three closely spaced intrusive centers (known as stocks I, II and III respectively). The stocks I and III mainly consist of barren granodiorite porphyry and tonalite porphyry, whereas the stock II is mainly composed of fertile monzonitic granite porphyry and granite porphyry. Based on detailed major and trace element, and Sr–Nd isotopic analyses, two distinct compositional groups can be identified. The first group of high-silica end-members (HSE) is characterized by high SiO 2 (mostly >75 wt%), low MgO (0.07–0.69 wt%) and Mg# (0.19–0.36), significant Eu depletion in the chondrite-normalized diagram, and low Sr/Y and La/Yb, as well as noticeably negative anomalies of Ba, Sr, P and Ti in the primitive mantle-normalized diagram. The second group of low-silica end-members (LSE), however, displays adakite-like features with lower SiO 2 (<75 wt%), higher MgO (0.52–1.32 wt%) and Mg# (0.32–0.52; mostly >0.4), and higher Sr/Y (mostly >20) and La/Yb (>8). The depleted Sr–Nd isotopic characteristics (ε Nd (T) = 3.5–6.4 and I sr = 0.7026–0.7055) and young two-stage model ages of HSE and LSE indicate that they were both derived from partial melting of juvenile lower crust that might be triggered by asthenosphere upwelling subsequent to a slab rollback event. However, the depths of initial melting might be different. The current evidence demonstrates that HSE in the Suyunhe deposit formed by partial melting of juvenile crust at depths of less than ∼33 km with a plagioclase residue, whereas that for LSE occurred at depths of >40 km where a garnet residue existed and the crust was thickened. The lower source depth, as well as subsequently strong plagioclase fractionation, results in the absence of adakite-like characteristics in HSE. The Ce 4+ /Ce 3+ and Eu N /Eu N ∗ ratios in zircons of HSE are much lower than ore-forming intrusions from porphyry Cu deposits in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, but noticeably higher than barren intrusions from the Lachlan fold belt and ore-bearing intrusions from small-intermediate porphyry Mo deposits from the East Qinling–Dabie and the Nanling metallogenic belts, China, indicating that neither too high nor too low oxygen fugacities are favorable for large porphyry Mo deposits. Based on previous studies of adakitic rocks in the world, adakite-like LSE in the Suyunhe deposit are believed to have higher oxygen fugacities, and thus be less fertile than HSE. We finally suggest that adakites and adakite-like rocks are unproductive for porphyry Mo deposits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Suyunhe porphyry Mo deposit, located in the West Junggar terrane, is the largest molybdenum deposit found in Xinjiang to date, with a proven reserve of 0.57 Mt. The Suyunhe deposit is associated with Early Permian granitic rocks, which emplaced into the volcano-sedimentary sequences of the Middle Devonian Barluk Formation. Four metallogenic stages are identified in this study. Stage I is marked by the quartz-magnetite-K-feldspar±biotite±pyrite±molybdenite veins, which mainly occurred in the intensively potassic alternation zone and were formed at high temperature (>481°C), high salinity (58.6−65.18 wt.%), and relatively high oxygen fugacity conditions with a fluid system of NaCl-H2O-CO2. Stage II is the main metallogenic stage and develops numerous quartz-molybdenite±pyrite veins associated with muscovite–chlorite alteration, which were formed by immiscible fluids at medium-high temperature (210−427°C), medium-high salinity (43.36−49.90 wt.%), and relatively low oxygen fugacity conditions with the fluid system of NaCl-H2O-CO2-CH4-C2H6. After the main Mo-mineralization, quartz-polymetallic sulphides veins associated with quartz–sericite alteration were formed by fluids at medium-low temperature, low-salinity conditions with the fluid system of NaCl-H2O-CO2in stage III. The following quartz-polymetallic sulphide veins are quartz-calcite±pyrite veins associated with calcite alteration, which were formed by fluids at low temperature and low-salinity conditions with a fluid system of NaCl-H2O in stage IV. The δ18O‰ values indicate that the ore fluids of stages I and II are dominated by magmatic water, whereas stages III and IV are dominated by meteoric water. A wide range of δ34S‰ values (−7.1 to 3.4‰) of sulphides between stages I and II indicates that increasing the reducibility plays an important role in molybdenum mineralization. The δ13CCH4values suggest that CH4of the ore fluids mainly results from the assimilation–contamination of carbonaceous country rocks, and partly derives from magma. However, the δ13CCO2values suggest that CO2of the ore fluids mainly originates from magma, and minor derives from wall-rocks as well as meteoric water. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copper, gold and molybdenum mineralization of the Kalmakyr porphyry deposit in Uzbek Tien Shan occurs as stockworks, veinlets and disseminations in the phyllic and K-silicate alteration zones developed predominantly in a middle to late Carboniferous intrusive complex composed of monzonite and granodiorite porphyry. Zircon U–Pb dating yielded an age of 327.2 ± 5.6 Ma for the ore-hosting monzonite and an age of 313.6 ± 2.8 Ma for the ore-bearing granodiorite porphyry. Re–Os dating of seven molybdenite samples from stockwork and veinlet ores yielded model ages from 313.2 to 306.3 Ma, with two well-constrained isochron ages of 307.6 ± 2.5 Ma (five stockwork ores) and 309.1 ± 2.2 Ma (five stockwork ores and two veinlet ores), respectively. These results indicate that Cu–Au mineralization post-dated the emplacement of the monzonite, started right after the emplacement of the granodiorite porphyry, and lasted for ca. 7 Ma afterward. The geochronological and geochemical data suggest that the Kalmakyr deposit was formed in a late Carboniferous mature magmatic arc setting, probably related to the latest subduction process of the Turkestan Ocean beneath the Middle Tien Shan. The ε Hf (t) values of zircon grains from the monzonite vary from +11 to +1.7, with an average of +5.1, and those of zircon grains from the granodiorite porphyry range from +5.7 to −1.8, with an average of +2.4. These data indicate that the magma of both monzonite and granodiorite porphyry was derived from partial melting of a thickened lower crust with input of mantle components and variable crustal contamination, and that there was more mantle contribution to the formation of the monzonite than the granodiorite porphyry. The high rhenium concentrations of molybdenite (98–899 ppm) also indicate major mantle contribution of rhenium and by inference ore metals. The relatively high Eu N /Eu N ∗ values (average 0.68), Ce 4+ /Ce 3 values (average 890) and Ce/Nd values (average 36.8) for zircon grains from the granodiorite porphyry than those from the monzonite (average Eu N /Eu N ∗ = 0.33, average Ce 4+ /Ce 3 = 624, average Ce/Nd = 3.9) suggest that the magma for the syn-mineralization granodiorite porphyry has higher oxygen fugacity than that for the pre-mineralization monzonite. Based on these data, it is proposed that while the monzonite was emplaced, the oxygen fugacity and volatile contents in the magma were relatively low, and ore metals might disperse in the intrusive rock, whereas when the granodiorite porphyry was emplaced, the oxygen fugacity and volatile contents in the magma were increased, favoring copper and gold enrichment in the magmatic fluids. The Kalmakyr deposit formed from a long-lived magmatic-hydrothermal system connected with fertile magmatic sources in relation to the subduction of the Turkestan Ocean beneath the Middle Tien Shan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Kaladawan Fe–Mo ore field in Altyn (Xinjiang Province, NW China) contains six Fe (–Mo) deposits, with total proven reserves of 60 Mt Fe and 10,000 t Mo. Tabular, lensoidal and stratiform orebodies occur in the Cambrian foliated marble, phyllite, carbonaceous slate, chlorite–sericite schist and quartz–sericite schist along the exocontact zone of the Kaladawan granite. Skarns are extensively developed and dominated by garnet, pyroxene, epidote, tremolite and actinolite, with minor chlorite, zoisite, quartz and calcite. Ore minerals are mainly magnetite and molybdenite. Five alteration and mineralization stages (I–V) were identified: the prograde (I) and retrograde (II) skarns are characterized by assemblages of garnet–pyroxene and epidote–tremolite–actinolite, respectively, intruded and replaced by mineral assemblages of magnetite–epidote–zoisite (III), quartz–sulfides (IV) and calcite–chlorite (V) in younging order. The Kaladawan garnet contains more andradite (61.2–94.4 mol%) than grossularite (37.5–5.0 mol%). Pyroxene is Mg-rich and Fe-poor, with an endmember range of 55.4–94.7 mol% diopside and 42.5–4.7 mol% hedenbergite. Amphibole comprises mainly tremolite and actinolite. The Kaladawan skarn mineral contents resemble typical skarn Fe and Mo deposits. In-situ LA-ICP-MS magnetite trace element analysis had identified unusually high Mg, Mo and Cr concentrations. The high Mo and the absence of molybdenite inclusions in magnetite suggest that the hydrothermal fluids may have been Mo-rich. The magnetite also contains similar (Ti + V) and (Al + Mn) values with typical skarn Fe deposits. Therefore, the Kaladawan Fe–Mo mineralization is best attributed to be skarn-type, and related to the Kaladawan granite intrusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Kozbudaklar scheelite skarn deposit in the Tavşanlı Zone, located approximately 22 km southeast of Bursa, is hosted by the Triassic calcic İnönü Marble and Eocene Topuk Pluton. At least four stages have been recognized through skarn evolution. Scheelite skarn distributed close to the Topuk Pluton occurred during the early (stage 1) and late (stage 2) prograde substages. The early prograde endo and exoskarn are composed of hedenbergite (Hd 96 Joh 4 )–plagioclase (An 55–64 ) and hedenbergite (Hd 61–94 Joh 4–7 ), accompanied by calcic garnet (Grs 38–94 Sps 1–5 Alm 0 ) and scheelite (Pow 1–6 ). The second stage represents a relatively oxidized mineralogy dominated by diopside (Hd 16–48 Joh 0–9 ), subcalcic garnet (Grs 24–92 Sps 0–11 Alm 0–31 ) and scheelite (Pow 7–32 ). The stage 3 and 4 mineral assemblages are characterized by few hydrous minerals in the retrograde stage and intense fracturing. Fluid inclusions from skarn rocks are indicative of multiple fluid events: (1) low-moderate salinity (5–16 wt.%NaCl equiv.) inclusions homogenized dominantly by a high-temperature (308 °C to > 600 °C) liquid phase in stage 1. Fluid inclusions in an early garnet homogenized over a similar temperature range (440 °C and 459 °C) into both liquid and vapor phases. Eutectic temperatures ranging from − 61.7 °C to − 35.0 °C that indicate the presence of H 2 O–NaCl–(± MgCl 2 ± CaCl 2 )–CO 2 solutions; (2) coexisting daughter mineral-bearing high salinity (29.5 ≥ 70 wt.%NaCl equiv.) and vapor-rich moderate salinity (11.5–16.7 wt.%NaCl equiv.) inclusions that homogenized in the liquid phase by the disappearance of the vapor phase at a similar temperature range (308 °C to > 600 °C) in stage 2. Eutectic temperatures range from − 67.9°C to − 51.8°C that shows the presence of H 2 O–NaCl–CO 2 –(± CH 4 /N 2 ) solutions; (3) low-moderate salinity (12.5–7.6 wt.%NaCl equiv.) and temperature (320 °C to 215 °C) inclusions homogenized by the liquid phase in stage 3. Eutectic temperatures range from − 59.5 °C to − 44.2 °C indicating the presence of H 2 O–NaCl–(± MgCl 2 ± CaCl 2 )–CO 2 solutions; (4) inclusions of low salinity (9.9–0.9 wt.%NaCl equiv.) and homogenization temperature (183 °C to 101 °C) in stage 4. These data show that the Kozbudaklar skarn deposit was formed in a magmatic–hydrothermal system. In this model, carbonaceous fluids may have been exsolved from the plutonic rock during its emplacement and crystallization. Fluid inclusion data indicate that fluid boiling and immiscibility occurred at temperatures between 440 °C and 459 °C and pressures ranging from 50 MPa to 60 MPa based on hydrostatic considerations. Early scheelite was precipitated with relatively reduced mineral compositions. As a result of depressurization, Mo-rich scheelite with oxidized minerals formed via high salinity and vapor-rich inclusions. The second scheelite mineralization occurred in a normal hydrothermal system by an infiltration mechanism at pressures between approximately 40 and 1.5 MPa. At shallow depths (< 1.5 MPa) with increasing permeability, sulfide and oxide minerals were deposited in the retrograde stage, greatly assisted by meteoric water. Finally, as a result of the diminishing of ore-forming fluids, post-depositional barren quartz and calcite veins were formed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Baishan molybdenum deposit is located in the eastern section of the Jueluotage tectonic belt, Eastern Tianshan. There is a granite porphyry intrusion beneath the Baishan Mo ore bodies discovered by recent exploration drilling, and the Cu–Mo minerals are widely distributed in the porphyry. The zircon LA-ICPMS U–Pb age of the granite porphyry intrusion is 228.1 ± 8.0 Ma, which is in coincidence with the age of Mo mineralization (227.7 ± 4.3 Ma). The granite porphyry intrusion is calc-alkaline and peraluminous. The magma was derived from a lower crustal source, it experienced distinct crystal fraction during its evolution, and the magma intruded in a Triassic compressional background, and was probably influenced by far-field effects of the Tethys system to the south. Based on the geological, geochemical and geochronological characteristics of the granite porphyry intrusion, we propose that there is probably a porphyry Cu deposit beneath the Baishan high-Re Mo deposit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recently discovered Baizhangyan skarn-porphyry type W- Mo deposit in southern Anhui Province in SE China occurs near the Middle- Lower Yangtze Valley polymetallic metallogenic belt. The deposit is closely temporally-spatially associated with the Mesozoic Qingyang granitic complex composed of granodiorite, monzonitic granite, and alkaline granite. Orebodies of the deposit occur as horizons, veins, and lenses within the limestones of Sinian Lantian Formation contacting with buried fine-grained granite, and diorite dykes. There are two types of W mineralization: major skarn W- Mo mineralization and minor granite-hosted disseminated Mo mineralization. Among skarn mineralization, mineral assemblages and cross-cutting relationships within both skarn ores and intrusions reveal two distinct periods of mineralization, i.e. the first W- Au period related to the intrusion of diorite dykes, and the subsequent W- Mo period related to the intrusion of the fine-grained granite. In this paper, we report new zircon U- Pb and molybdenite Re- Os ages with the aim of constraining the relationships among the monzonitic granite, fine-grained granite, diorite dykes, and W mineralization. Zircons of the monzonitic granite, the fine-grained granite, and diorite dykes yield weighted mean U- Pb ages of 129.0 ± 1.2 Ma, 135.34 ± 0.92 Ma and 145.3 ± 1.7 Ma, respectively. Ten molybdenite Re- Os age determinations yield an isochron age of 136.9 ± 4.5 Ma and a weighted mean age of 135.0 ± 1.2 Ma. The molybdenites have δ34 S values of 3.6‰-6.6‰ and their Re contents ranging from 7.23 ppm to 15.23 ppm. A second group of two molybdenite samples yield ages of 143.8 ± 2.1 and 146.3 ± 2.0 Ma, containing Re concentrations of 50.5-50.9 ppm, and with δ34S values of 1.6‰-4.8‰. The molybdenites from these two distinct groups of samples contain moderate concentrations of Re (7.23-50.48 ppm), suggesting that metals within the deposit have a mixed crust-mantle provenance. Field observation and new age and isotope data obtained in this study indicate that the first diorite dyke-related skarn W- Au mineralization took place in the Early Cretaceous peaking at 143.0-146.3 Ma, and was associated with a mixed crust-mantle system. The second fine-grained granite-related skarn W- Mo mineralization took place a little later at 135.0-136.9 Ma, and was crust-dominated. The fine-grained granite was not formed by fractionation of the Qingyang monzonitic granite. This finding suggests that the first period of skarn W- Au mineralization in the Baizhangyan deposit resulted from interaction between basaltic magmas derived from the upper lithospheric mantle and crustal material at 143.0-146.3 and the subsequent period of W- Mo mineralization derived from the crust at 135.0-136.9 Ma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Voluminous Late Mesozoic granitoids and the world’s largest Mo deposits occur in the East Qinling. This paper presents the results of Nd–Hf isotopic mapping for the Late Mesozoic granitoids (155–105 Ma) and demonstrates their constraint on the basements and distribution of the Mo deposits in the East Qinling. This isotopic map, made by 98 (21 new and 77 published) whole-rock Nd isotopic and 29 (7 new and 22 published) average zircon Hf isotopic data, shows large variations of whole-rock ε Nd ( t ) values from −22.1 to −1.5, and the correspondingly Nd model ages ( T DM(Nd) ) from 2.83 to 0.79 Ga, and zircon ε Hf ( t ) values from −26.3 to +0.1 and two-stage Hf model ages ( T DM2(Hf) ) from 2.86 to 0.96 Ga. Three regions of variations have been identified from north to south: (a) ε Nd ( t ) values range from −22.1 to −10.9 with T DM(Nd) of 2.82–1.47 Ga, and ε Hf ( t ) values 26.3 to −13.5 with T DM2(Hf) 2.86–2.04 Ga; (b) ε Nd ( t ) values −13.9 to −1.5 with T DM(Nd) 2.02–0.79 Ga, and ε Hf ( t ) values −16.2 to +0.1 with T DM2(Hf) 1.96–0.96 Ga; and (c) ε Nd ( t ) values −6.3 to −4.5 with T DM(Nd) 1.28–1.12 Ga, and ε Hf ( t ) values −1.0 to −0.3 with T DM2(Hf) 1.25–1.22 Ga, respectively. The three regions approximately correspond to the three different terranes, the southern margin of the North China Block (NCB), the North Qinling Belt (NQB) and the South Qinling Belt (SQB), respectively. These demonstrate that the granitoids in the different terranes have distinct sources and their sources change from old to more juvenile from the north (southern margin of the NCB) to the south (SQB). These also reveal the distinct basements for the terranes in Late Mesozoic. The southern margin of the NCB contains widespread Neoarchaean to Paleoproterozoic basement, the NQB comprises Archaean to Neoproterozic basement and the SQB Mesoproterozic to Neoproterozic basement. All these suggest that the three terranes underwent different tectonic evolution and the continental crust of the East Qinling were mainly formed during Archaean to Neoproterozic, different from a typical accretion orogen. The old sources of the granitoids and basements of the terranes constrain the distribution, scale and number of the Mo mineralization and deposits. Mo mineralization is closely related to the small granitic bodies with old continental component sources and Mo deposits are mainly hosted by the terranes with oldest basement. The scale and number of the Mo mineralization and deposits decreased from the southern margin of the NCB to SQB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bangpu porphyry Mo–Cu deposit is a representative Mo-dominated deposit besides the Sharang porphyry Mo deposit in the Gangdese metallogenic belt. The Mo–Cu mineralization has a close relationship with the monzogranite porphyry and diorite porphyrite. We identify three stages during the ore formation: a pre-ore stage, a main-ore stage with Mo–Cu deposited dominantly, and a post-ore stage. In this study, He–Ar, H–O, S and Pb isotopic compositions of the Bangpu deposit were determined. Based on these determinations, integrated isotope geochemistry studies were performed to constrain the possible sources of the ore-forming fluids and metals. The 3 He/ 4 He and 40 Ar/ 36 Ar ratios of fluid inclusions exhibit a range of 0.12209–0.36370 Ra and 275.6–346.1, respectively. The 4 He and 40 Ar concentrations vary from 1.51 to 3.57 (10 −7 cm 3 STP g −1 ) and 0.49 to 9.31 (10 −7 cm 3 STP g −1 ), respectively. He–Ar isotopic compositions suggest dominantly crustal-derived fluid with minor amount of meteoric water in the main ore stage. The δ 18 O fluid and δD fluid values vary from −1.3‰ to 3.9‰ and −140.5‰ to −73.7‰, respectively, indicating that magma fluids mixed with meteoric water. The average δ 34 S value of the sulfides (0.3‰) in the main-ore stage is close to the ore-forming porphyries, indicating a magmatic source. The lead isotopic components of ore sulfides exhibit restricted ranges with 206 Pb/ 204 Pb, 207 Pb/ 204 Pb, and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb ratios of 18.450–18.728, 15.602–5.672, and 38.715–39.211, respectively and μ values in the range of and 9.46–9.58, indicating ore-forming metals of primarily an upper crust source with a small amount of mantle materials. Compared to the Bangpu deposit, the ore metals derived from mantle are even greater in the Jiama and Qulong deposits, which leads to Cu being the dominant mineralization in the Jiama and Qulong deposit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Huanglongpu carbonatite-related Mo ore field is located in the Lesser Qinling Orogenic belt in the southern margin of the North China block. The ore field is composed of six deposits, Yuantou, Wengongling, Dashigou, Shijiawan, Taoyuan and Erdaohe, all of which are genetically related to carbonatite dykes except for the Shijiawan deposit which is associated with a granitic porphyry. The Yuantou carbonatite dykes intruded into Archean gneiss and other carbonatites emplaced into Mesoproterozoic volcanic and sediment rocks. The carbonatites are mainly composed of calcite and variable amounts of quartz and K-feldspar and minor molybdenite. Re–Os dating of molybdenite from the Yuantou carbonatite yields a weighted average age of 225.0 ± 7.6 Ma, consistent with the molybdenite age (221 Ma) from the Dashigou deposit. The rocks are characterized by high heavy REE (HREE) contents and consistent flat REE distribution patterns with La/Yb cn ~ 1. Quartz in the carbonatites from Yuantou and Dashigou deposits shows consistent O isotopes (8.1–10.2‰) similar to the associated calcite (7.2–9.5‰). The quartz and associated K-feldspar contain lower Zr, Hf and higher HREE abundances and negligible Eu anomaly relative to those from the granite porphyry in Shijiawan. Both minerals are primary products in the carbonatitic liquid, and not captured from the wall-rocks or crustal-derived silicate magmas, or a hydrothermal origin. Thus, the Huanglongpu carbonatitic liquids were enriched in Si and Mo, which may be produced by intensely fractional crystallization of non-silicate minerals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porphyry-related base metal vein and replacement mineralization (i.e., Cordilleran polymetallic mineralization) in the Morococha district, central Peru, is part of a large magmatic-hydrothermal system associated with the emplacement of several late Miocene porphyry intrusions and formation of important Cu-Mo mineralization. Zn-Pb-Ag-Cu veins overprint the giant Toromocho porphyry Cu-Mo deposit in the center of the district and display a typical concentric base metal zonation (Cu → Zn, Pb → Ag) covering an area of approximately 50km². A detailed fluid inclusion study supports the hypothesis that base metal mineralization precipitated from cooled and evolved metal-rich, intermediate-density porphyry-type fluids. In early stages of Cordilleran base metal vein formation, fluid inclusions have low salinities of ~2 to 5 wt % NaCl equiv, CO2 contents of 3 to 10mol %, and homogenization temperatures (Th) of 380° to 340°C. They are similar to intermediate-density fluid inclusions trapped in a milky quartz vein predating Cordilleran polymetallic mineralization, with similar low salinities (3.0-3.8 wt % NaCl equiv) and low CO2 contents (6.5-8 mol %), but higher Th of -420° to 410°C. During cooling of the intermediate-density fluids from 400° to 300°C, the Iithostatic pressure regime changed to a hydrostatic one. The fluids underwent pressure drop as well as phase separation (i.e., unmixing) and lost most of their CO2. They acquired moderate salinities, in some cases intermediate (-up to 16 wt % NaCl) to brine compositions. However, the bulk of the magmatic fluid retained low salinity while it continued to cool under open-system conditions and precipitated tennantite-tetrahedrite, chalcopyrite, enargite, sphalerite, and galena. Upon cooling below 270°C, the fluids deposited abundant rhodochrosite and quartz, while following the boiling curve toward lower P-T conditions. These data record an evolution of mineral precipitation from deep (minimum depth of 2-1.5 km) to shallow environments (300-800 m). Oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon stable isotope data indicate that the hydrothermal fluids have a dominantly magmatic signature and were diluted by meteoric waters during the carbonate stage. Copper (5,000-18,000 µ/g), sulfur (up to 12,000 µ/g), and iron (2,100-6,000 µ/g) concentrations in the intermediate-density fluid inclusions in the milky quartz veins are approximately 5 to 10 times higher than in intermediate-density inclusions of the early Cordilleran base metal veins. The base metals Zn, Pb, and Mn have comparable concentrations between 100 and 1,000 µ/g for both types of fluid. These findings suggest that the fluids identified in Cordilleran polymetallic veins are compositionally similar to the porphyry-type fluids and could have derived from the latter after precipitation of Cu- and Fe-bearing sulfides in a deeper porphyry environment. The new data explain the commonly observed base and precious metal zonation patterns encountered in porphyry-centered districts (e.g., Bingham, Butte) and show that both porphyry and polymetallic mineralization can precipitate from similar magmatic-hydrothermal fluid pulses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tianshan–Xingmeng molybdenum belt is part of a larger E–W-trending metallogenic belt in northern China. Most of these molybdenum deposits occur as porphyry or porphyry-skarn type, but there are also some vein-type deposits. Following systematic Re-Os dating of molybdenite from four deposits and comparisons with two previously dated deposits, we conclude that molybdenum mineralization in the Tianshan–Xingmeng Orogenic Belt resulted from hydrothermal activity linked to the emplacement of granitoid stocks. Three pulses of granitoid magmatism and Mo mineralization have been recognized in this study, corresponding to tectonic events in the Tianshan–Xingmeng Orogenic Belt. We identify five distinct stages of Mo mineralization events in the Tianshan–Xingmeng Orogenic Belt: 320–250 Ma, 250–200 Ma, 190–155 Ma, 155–140 Ma, and 140–120 Ma. Late Palaeozoic (320–250 Ma) Mo mineralization was closely related to closure of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean and collision between the Siberia and Tarim cratons. Triassic (250–200 Ma) Mo mineralization occurred in a post-collisional tectonic setting. The Early–Middle Jurassic (190–155 Ma) Mo mineralization was related to subduction of the Palaeo-Pacific Ocean on the eastern Asian continental margin, whereas in the Erguna block, the Mo mineralization events were associated with the subduction of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean. From 155 to 120 Ma, large-scale continental extension occurred in the Tianshan–Xingmeng Orogenic Belt and surrounding regions. However, the Late Jurassic (150–140 Ma) Mo mineralization events in these areas evolved in a post-orogenic extensional environment of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean subduction system. The Early Cretaceous (140–120 Ma) Mo mineralization occurred under the combined effects of the closure of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean and subduction of the Palaeo-Pacific Ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Daheishan giant porphyry Mo deposit is located in the Lesser Xing’an–Zhangguangcai Ranges, Jilin Province, NE China. Mineralization is closely related to the Daheishan intrusive complex, which can be divided into Changganglin biotite granodiorite, Qiancuoluo biotite granodiorite, and Qiancuoluo granodioritic porphyry. Four stages of mineralization are distinguished, based on the cross-cutting relationships of mineralized veins. LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb analysis yields206Pb/238U ages of 177.9 ± 2.3 Ma for the Changganglin biotite granodiorite, 169.9 ± 2.3 Ma for the Qiancuoluo biotite granodiorite, and 166.6 ± 4.0 Ma for the Qiancuoluo granodioritic porphyry. Hydrothermal fluids responsible for mineralization evolved from different magmas. Six molybdenite samples yield Re-Os model ages of ~167 Ma. Muscovite from the last mineralization stage gives a40Ar/39Ar plateau age of 163.6 ± 0.9 Ma. Geochronology data indicate that the entire magmatic system lasted for about 10 million years, and the total duration of hydrothermal activity was less than 4 million years. The εHf(t) values of zircons obtained from the Changganglin biotite granodiorite, Qiancuoluo biotite granodiorite, and Qiancuoluo granodioritic porphyry range from 4.5 to 9.1, 5.7 to 10.9, and 4.4 to 7.1, respectively, indicating that they were mainly derived from the depleted mantle, although contaminated by crustal materials to a greater or lesser extent. The formation of the Daheishan porphyry Mo deposit was temporally and spatially related to the amalgamation of Jiamusi Massif and Songliao terrane in the Palaeo-Pacific Ocean regime. Regional Hf isotopic compositions of zircon suggest an episode of crustal growth in the Phanerozoic in the Lesser Xing’an–Zhangguangcai Ranges. Regional Mo mineralization ages suggest a peak of porphyry Mo mineralization in the Jurassic in the Lesser Xing’an-Zhangguangcai Ranges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Donggebi Mo deposit is located in the eastern section of the Eastern Tianshan Orogenic Belt, Central Asia Orogenic Belt. Rhenium and osmium isotopes of molybdenites from the Donggebi porphyry Mo deposit have been used to determine the timing of mineralization and the source of osmium and, by inference, ore metals. Molybdenite was collected mainly from a granite porphyry stock, which is characterized by moderate to strong silicification. Rhenium concentrations in molybdenite samples are between 10 and 63 μg g−1. Analysis of eight molybdenite samples yields an isochron age of 234.3 ± 1.6 Ma (2σ) with an initial 187 Os of 0.04 ± 0.45 ( MSWD = 0.25). The data support the hypothesis that a significant part of the metals and magmas have a mixed (crust + mantle) origin. Based on the geological history and spatial-temporal distribution of the granitoids, it is proposed that the Mo deposits in the eastern part of the East Tianshan Orogenic Belt were related to a post-collision extensional setting in the Early Mesozoic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Dawan Mo- Zn- Fe deposit located in the Northern Taihang Mountains in the middle of the North China Craton ( NCC) contains large Mo-dominant deposits. The mineralization of the Dawan Mo- Zn- Fe deposit is associated with the Mesozoic Wanganzhen granitoid complex and is mainly hosted within Archean metamorphic rocks and Proterozoic- Paleozoic dolomites. Rhyolite porphyry and quartz monzonite both occur in the ore field and potassic alteration, strong silicic-phyllic alteration, and propylitic alteration occur from the center of the rhyolite porphyry outward. The Mo mineralization is spacially related to silicic and potassic alteration. The Fe orebody is mainly found in serpentinized skarn in the external contact zone between the quartz monzonite and dolomite. Six samples of molybdenite were collected for Re- Os dating. Results show that the Re- Os model ages range from 136.2 Ma to 138.1 Ma with an isochron age of 138 ± 2 Ma ( MSWD = 1.2). U- Pb zircon ages determined by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry yield crystallization ages of 141.2 ± 0.7 ( MSWD = 0.38) and 130.7 ± 0.6 Ma ( MSWD = 0.73) for the rhyolite porphyry and quartz monzonite, respectively. The ore-bearing rhyolite porphyry shows higher K2O/ Na2O ratios, ranging from 58.0 to 68.7 (wt%), than those of quartz monzonite. All of the rock samples are classified in the shoshonitic series and characterized by enrichment in large ion lithophile elements; depletion in Mg, Fe, Ta, Ni, P, and Y; enrichment in light rare earth elements with high ( La/ Yb)n ratios. Geochronology results indicate that skarn-type Fe mineralization associated with quartz monzonite (130.7 ± 0.6 Ma) formed eight million years later than Mo and Zn mineralization (138 ± 2 Ma) in the Dawan deposit. From Re concentrations in molybdenite and previously presented Pb and S isotope data, we conclude that the ore-forming material of the deposit was derived from a crust-mantle mixed source. The porphyry-skarn type Cu- Mo- Zn mineralization around the Wanganzhen complex is related to the primary magmatic activity, and the skarn-type Fe mineralization is formed at the late period magmatism. The Dawan Mo- Zn- Fe porphyry-skarn ores are related to the magmatism that was associated with lithospheric thinning in the NCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the geological-geophysical investigations of eastern Transbaikal region in Russia where the Sypchugur ore cluster is located. It says that the subhorizontal pattern of the Sypchugur porphyry gold-copper-molybdenum system is its remarkable feature. The revision of the genetic type and formation affinity of deposits and ore occurrences to porphyry intrusions of the Shakhtama and Amudzhikan may increase potential of the region for copper, gold, and molybdenum resources.

The article offers information on a research of porphyry mineralization conducted in the Gangdese Orogenic Belt in Tibet, China. Topics discussed include the granitoids derived from continental crustal sources for porphyry Molybdenum mineralization, grantinoids derived from mantle for porphyry copper mineralization, and deposits of molybdenite derived from mantle having high contents of Rhenium.

The article offers information on the features of fluid inclusions in garnet minerals from the Seleteguole Skarn copper-molybdenum (Cu-Mo) deposit in Jinghe County of Xinjiang in China. Topics discussed include the mineralization of the skarn occurred in chalcopyrite-quartz, molybdenite-quartz, and flaky molybdenite, metastable fluid system influencing the fluid inclusions, and methane in the process derived from the mantle without any contamination of the crust.

The article focuses on a research paper discussing the geology of the Yanshannian porphyry molybdenum-pollymetallic metallogenic belt on the western margin of Yangtze Craton in Southwest China. It discusses the factors affecting the mineralization of the deposit, that takes place in Indosinian post-collision stage, including the Yanshanian new tectonic activities, upwelling of mantle fluid and melting of thickened lower crust.

The article presents a study to explore the geological characteristics and metallogeny of Qiushuwan porphyry Type copper-molybdenum (Cu-Mo) deposit in East Qinling, China. Topics include cyptoexplosive breccia type and porphyritic type mineralization in the region, migmatization of the mantle and crust resulting in copper and molybdenum formation, and formation of minerals in three periods, first is pyrrhotite, magnetite, and molybdenite followed by quartz-sulfide and calcite-barite-quartz.

The article offers information on the uranium ores in South-East Russia with reference to its geodynamics. Topics discussed include deposits of gold-brannerite and fluorine-molybdenum-uranium formations near the uranium ore-nodes, uranium mineralization in sialic rocks undergoing potassium-silicic metasomatic transformations, and synchronism of the mineralization process present in molybdenum and fluorite.

The article offers information on the molybdenum polymetallic metallogenic regularity and prediction of the mineral field in Jinduicheng-Huang Longpu in China. It mentions that the lithologic interface control happens during the molybdenum mineralization. It mentions about the combination of lead and zinc in the geochemical development of the molybdenum and lead.

The article presents a study to analyze molybdenite rhenium (Re)-osmium dating results of the Checangyu molybdenum (Mo) deposit to understand the timing of Gold-Mo mineralization in China's Xiaoqinling district. Topics discussed include occurrence of molybdenite as coarse-grained and radial aggregates in altered granite, Re contents in molybdenite, and mineralization of the Checangyu Mo deposit.

The article presents a study focusing on the geology and genesis of the Donggou Porphyry Molybdenum Deposit in Henan Province in Central China. It states that the mineralization process in the Donggou Porphyry Molybdenum Deposit can be divided into two magmatism periods including the late magmatic period and the hydrothermal period. It discusses the geochronological data which suggests that granite porphyry and mineralization occurred in early Cretaceous period.

The article offers information on the research "Molybdenite Re-Os Isochron Age of the Huoshenmiao Mo Deposit in Luanchuan Henan Province, China and Its Geological Implications" by Wang Sai and colleagues. It mentions the determination of the mineralization age and clarification of the relationships with Nannihu-Sandaozhuang and Shangfanggou molybdenum deposits. Topics discussed include tonalite and granite porphyry, polymetallic pyrite deposits and silver-lead-zinc deposits, and intrusion.

The article offers information on the research "Metallogeny Study of Molybdenum Deposits in Jiaodong Mesozoic Metallogenic Province, China" by Liu Zhenjiang and colleagues. Topics include metallogeny relationship between the coexistence of gold and molybdenum deposits in the province, mineralization of molybdenum in the Early Yanshanian and the Late Yanshanian, and Molybdenite Re-Os dating. Also mentioned are magmatism, the mineralization pattern and deposits of granites, and high-sulfur magma.