1,796 results
Search Results
2. "The Squire of Boyhood": G. A. Hutchison and the "Boy's Own Paper"
- Author
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PENNER, ELIZABETH
- Published
- 2014
3. Biological sample collections from minors for genetic research: a systematic review of guidelines and position papers.
- Author
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Hens K, Nys H, Cassiman JJ, and Dierickx K
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Biological Specimen Banks ethics, Child, Ethics Committees, Research legislation & jurisprudence, Genetic Research ethics, Humans, Parental Consent, Publications legislation & jurisprudence, Specimen Handling ethics, Biological Specimen Banks legislation & jurisprudence, Genetic Research legislation & jurisprudence, Guidelines as Topic, Minors legislation & jurisprudence, Publications statistics & numerical data, Specimen Handling methods
- Abstract
Stored tissue samples are an important resource for epidemiological genetic research. Genetic research on biological material from minors can yield valuable information on the development and genesis of early-onset genetic disorders and the early interaction of environmental and genetic factors. The use of such tissue raises some specific ethical and governance questions, which are not completely covered by the discussion on biological materials from adults. We have retrieved 29 guidelines and position papers pertaining to the storage and use of biological tissue samples for genetic research, originating from 27 different organizations. Five documents have an international scope, three have an European scope and 21 have a national scope. We discovered that 11 of these documents did not contain a section on biological materials from minors. The content of the remaining 18 documents was categorized according to four themes: consent, principles of non-therapeutic research on vulnerable populations, ethics committee approval and difference between anonymous and identifiable samples. We found out that these themes are not consistently mentioned by each document, but that documents discussing the same themes were mostly in agreement with their recommendations. However, a systematic reflection on the ethical and policy issues arising from the participation of minors in biobank research is missing.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Failure to report ethical approval in child health research: review of published papers.
- Author
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Bauchner H and Sharfstein J
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Editorial Policies, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Informed Consent, Pregnancy, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Third-Party Consent, United States, Child Welfare, Ethics, Clinical, Ethics, Medical, Human Experimentation, Minors, Publishing
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. “Fake or not, I’m sharing it”: teen perception about disinformation in social networks
- Author
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Zozaya-Durazo, Luisa Dolores, Sádaba-Chalezquer, Charo, and Feijoo‐Fernández, Beatriz
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. The Textual Formations of Adolescence in Turn-of-the-Century Youth Periodicals: The "Boy's Own Paper" and Eton College Ephemeral Magazines
- Author
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Holt, Jenny
- Published
- 2002
7. CATHOLIC PERIODICALS PUBLISHED IN THE UNITED STATES. FROM THE EARLIEST IN 1809 TO THE CLOSE OF THE YEAR 1892. A Paper Supplementary to the List Published in these Records in 1893
- Author
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MIDDLETON, THOMAS C.
- Published
- 1908
8. Manumission Papers of Free People of Color of Petersburg, Virginia, Deeds of Emancipation of Negroes Freeing Negroes
- Author
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Updike, John, Scott, Patsey, Brown, Samuel V., Jackson, Robin, Crawford, Addison, Minor, Jane, Hill, Martha, Hill, Sarah, May, David, Jackson, Betsy, and Brown, Edward
- Published
- 1928
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Reflections on Trauma Systems Therapy for Refugees (TST-R): A Commentary on Dr. Franco's Paper.
- Author
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Sapountzis, Ionas
- Subjects
- *
TRAUMA therapy , *MENTAL health services , *REFUGEE camps , *ADOLESCENT psychotherapy , *VETERANS , *SOCIAL services , *MINORS - Abstract
Dr. Franco also receives permission to take Maria out for walks. Over the course of the treatment, Dr. Franco relies on Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET) to help Maria process the trauma she experienced, on psychodynamic therapy to help her connect what happened to her with her current fears, and on CBT techniques to help Maria recognize unhelpful ways of thinking. In her paper, Dr. Franco gives a painful account of the case of Maria, a seventeen-year-old adolescent who experienced emotional neglect and abandonment as well as sexual, physical and emotional abuse from early on. Maria's individual treatment is presented as part of the Trauma Systems Therapy for Refugees (TST-R) proposed by Ellis et al. ([8]). [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. An
- Author
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Chatzidimitriou, Dimitris, Raymond, Jean-Florent, Sau, Ignasi, Thilikos, Dimitrios M., Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Sanità, Laura, editor, and Skutella, Martin, editor
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Hints for writing papers for submission to Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales.
- Author
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COOK, BRUCE G.
- Subjects
CULTIVARS ,BOTANICAL nomenclature ,MINORS ,PLANT germplasm - Published
- 2022
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12. YOUNG OFFENDERS: Comments on the White Paper on Young Adult and Juvenile Offenders
- Author
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Rutherford, Andrew
- Published
- 1981
13. Memoranda on Official Papers
- Published
- 1917
14. Memoranda on Official Papers
- Published
- 1919
15. Experiencia de Arteterapia en un centro de acogida de menores.
- Author
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Marco, Patricia and Martínez, Mireia
- Subjects
ART therapy ,EXPRESSIVE arts therapy ,PAPER arts ,GROUP psychotherapy ,ART materials - Abstract
Copyright of Arteterapia is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Cosmetic labiaplasty on minors: a review of current trends and evidence.
- Author
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Kalampalikis A and Michala L
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Child, Humans, Female, Adult, Gynecologic Surgical Procedures methods, Body Image psychology, Self Concept, Minors, Vulva surgery, Vulva anatomy & histology
- Abstract
Cosmetic labiaplasty is a form of Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery (FGCS) that is performed with the deliberate intent to alter the appearance and morphology of the external genitalia in the absence of medical concerns. Over the last decade, there is an increasing demand for FGCS and the industry behind it is constantly growing. Adolescents comprise an extremely vulnerable population, with labiaplasties in this particular age group having also increased. However, labiaplasty has been widely contested due to the irrevocable alteration of a psychosexually significant body part on minors too young to consent. Besides, the changes that occur during pubertal development in the genital area can significantly alter pediatric surgical results. Genital anatomy is more diverse than we previously thought and there is evidence to suggest that the labia minora with their rich innervation play an important role in sexual arousal and pleasure. Education regarding the wide range of normal genital appearance suffices in most cases to dissolve concerns regarding body self-image. Mental health issues should always be explored and, if identified, the girl should be referred to an experienced professional for their resolution. Postponing labiaplasty until adulthood is strongly recommended to help adolescents achieve a well-informed decision regarding an irreversible procedure with possible adverse esthetic and functional outcomes., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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17. Clinical Preventive Services for Adolescents: Position Paper of the Society for Adolescent Medicine
- Author
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John S. Santelli, Carol A. Ford, and Abigail English
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,Adolescent ,Human Rights ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Adolescent age ,Health Services Accessibility ,Genital warts ,Adolescent medicine ,Preventive Health Services ,Humans ,Medicine ,Parental Consent ,Societies, Medical ,media_common ,Cervical cancer ,Health Services Needs and Demand ,Vaccines ,Human rights ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,General Medicine ,Hepatitis B ,medicine.disease ,United States ,Public attention ,Minors ,Adolescent Health Services ,Family medicine ,Position paper ,business ,Law - Abstract
Over the past several years, new vaccines have become available to prevent serious illnesses and conditions in the adolescent population. Several have already been approved by the FDA for use in this age group; others are still in development. Recently, significant public attention has been focused on the availability of vaccines for several strains of HPV, to prevent both cervical cancer and genital warts. Prior to that, the vaccine for Hepatitis B was approved and recommended for the adolescent age group. Others currently available and recommended include vaccines for pertussis, meningitis, and influenza. In the future, additional vaccines are expected to become available for sexually transmitted and communicable diseases such as herpes simplex virus and HIV. Unfortunately, financial limitations and consent requirements can impede adolescents’ access to the vaccines that are recommended for their age group. However, a variety of policy options exist for overcoming the barriers and expanding access. These policy options are grounded both in international principles of human rights and in the existing framework of laws in the United States, and can be enhanced by attending to variations in age and developmental status among adolescents.
- Published
- 2009
18. "We Do Exist": The Experiences of Women Living with a Sexual Interest in Minors.
- Author
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Lievesley R and Lapworth R
- Subjects
- Child, Female, Humans, Loneliness, Male, Minority Groups, Sexual Behavior, Minors, Pedophilia epidemiology
- Abstract
The current body of the literature studying minor-attracted persons (MAPs) predominantly focuses on the experiences of men who experience sexual attractions to children. To shed more light on the experiences of women within this population, we conducted anonymous semi-structured interviews with six self-identified female MAPs, who were recruited through online support forums for individuals with sexual attractions to children. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to analyze the interview transcripts. Two superordinate themes were identified from the dataset that highlighted the uniqueness of the experience of being a woman within the MAP community ("A minority within a minority") and themes of social isolation and the effects of this on identity ("A lonely secret existence"). The findings reported here highlight how the experiences of female MAPs both converge with and diverge from their male counterparts in important ways. We discuss the implications of these experiences in relation to more effective service provision for women who are sexually attracted to children., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Failure to report ethical approval in child health research: review of published papers
- Author
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Howard Bauchner and Joshua M. Sharfstein
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Adolescent ,education ,Alternative medicine ,MEDLINE ,Child Welfare ,Adolescent medicine ,Informed consent ,Pregnancy ,medicine ,Humans ,Ethics, Medical ,Child ,Third-Party Consent ,General Environmental Science ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Publishing ,Informed Consent ,business.industry ,Public health ,General Engineering ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,General Medicine ,humanities ,United States ,Minors ,Human Experimentation ,Ethics, Clinical ,Meta-analysis ,Family medicine ,Child, Preschool ,Papers ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Female ,business ,Editorial Policies - Abstract
More than 500 journals have adopted the uniform requirements of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, which stipulate that authors should “indicate whether the procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation.”1 One major purpose of institutional review is to ensure that informed consent is obtained when possible. We investigated how often research publications about child health report ethics committee approval or informed consent. We reviewed all research reports related to child health (involving patients
- Published
- 2001
20. Protecting children from internet pornography? A critical assessment of statutory age verification and its enforcement in the UK
- Author
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Yar, Majid
- Published
- 2020
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- View/download PDF
21. Could minors be living kidney donors? A systematic review of guidelines, position papers and reports.
- Author
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Thys, Kristof, Assche, Kristof, Nobile, Hélène, Siebelink, Marion, Aujoulat, Isabelle, Schotsmans, Paul, Dobbels, Fabienne, and Borry, Pascal
- Subjects
- *
ORGAN donors , *TRANSPLANTATION of organs, tissues, etc. , *DECISION making , *PSYCHOSOCIAL factors , *MINORS - Abstract
The purpose of this study is to systematically review guidelines, position papers, and reports on living kidney donation by minors. We systematically searched the databases such as Medline, Embase, ISI Web of knowledge, Google scholar as well as the websites of various bioethics committees, transplant organizations and societies. Guidelines were included if they provided recommendations for or against living kidney donation by minors. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. We included 39 documents in this study. Twenty seven of these endorse an absolute prohibition of living kidney donation by minors, because of concerns regarding the decision-making capacity of minors, the impartiality of parental authorization, the best interests of the minor, and the necessity of the donation. Twelve guidelines, however, would exceptionally allow living kidney donation by minors, provided that adequate safeguards are put in place, including an assessment of the minor's autonomy and maturity, authorization by an independent body, assuring that the anticipated psychosocial benefits outweigh the medical and psychosocial risks for the donor and the restriction to situations of last resort. A more adequate medical and psychosocial follow-up of living kidney donors may likely contribute to a more unified approach towards living kidney donation by minors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Asylum spaces as spaces of nonrecognition: the ambiguities of welcoming and educating asylum-seeking children in Norway.
- Author
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Kalisha, Wills
- Subjects
POLITICAL refugees ,MINORS ,REFUGEE children ,RIGHT of asylum ,CHILD welfare ,CHILDREN'S rights ,ROMAN antiquities - Abstract
Asylum has historically been a refuge for the persecuted. However, it now faces a fundamental antagonism between asylum and law, which often overlooks the rights of children seeking asylum. This paper explores the historical concept of asylum law from its inception in antiquity and the Roman era and its entanglements with the education of children. It also examines asylum's relevance to current conflicts over the educational rights of asylum-seeking children and how international conventions have neglected these rights. To contextualize the ambiguity of asylum and education, the paper presents a case study of Norway's reception of asylum-seeking children from the 1930s to the present day and how the Norwegian welfare system, which was founded on child rights protection, has struggled with the entry of unaccompanied asylum-seeking children. The paper concludes with reflections on the potential impact of education for these children, considering their encounters as temporary educational moments. This exploration focuses on clarifying historical strands, turning points, and threads rather than taking a subjective historical perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Presymptomatic and predictive genetic testing in minors: a systematic review of guidelines and position papers.
- Author
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Borry, P., Stultiens, L., Nys, H., Cassiman, J-J., and Dierickx, K.
- Subjects
- *
PATHOLOGY , *HUMAN genetics , *SYMPTOMS , *MINORS , *MEDICAL genetics , *HUMAN chromosome abnormality diagnosis - Abstract
The objective of this study is to review ethical and clinical guidelines and position papers concerning the presymptomatic and predictive genetic testing of minors. The databases Medline, Philosopher’s Index, Biological Abstracts, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched using keywords relating to the presymptomatic and predictive testing of children. We also searched the websites of the national bioethics committees indexed on the websites of World Health Organization (WHO) and the German Reference Centre for Ethics in the Life Sciences, the websites of the Human Genetics Societies of various nations indexed on the website of the International Federation of Human Genetics Societies and related links and the national medical associations indexed on the website of the World Medical Association. We retrieved 27 different papers dealing with guidelines or position papers that fulfilled our search criteria. They encompassed the period 1991–2005 and originated from 31 different organizations. The main justification for presymptomatic and predictive genetic testing was the direct benefit to the minor through either medical intervention or preventive measures. If there were no urgent medical reasons, all guidelines recommend postponing testing until the child could consent to testing as a competent adolescent or as an adult. Ambiguity existed for childhood-onset disorders for which preventive or therapeutic measures are not available and for the timing of testing for childhood-onset disorders. Although the guidelines covering presymptomatic and predictive genetic testing of minors agree strongly that medical benefit is the main justification for testing, a lack of consensus remains in the case of childhood-onset disorders for which preventive or therapeutic measures are not available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. CHAPTER 6: Filing and Serving the Guardianship Papers.
- Author
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Brown, David and Doskow, Emily
- Subjects
GUARDIAN & ward ,LEGAL documents ,MINORS ,PERSONAL names ,SIGNATURES (Writing) - Abstract
This section presents a discussion on filing and service guardianship documents in California. It is noted that all guardianship documents should have the correct attachments while all names and signatures are correct. It is suggested to have a photocopy of all documents to be submitted, particularly the Petition for Appointment of Guardian of Minor and the Notice of Hearing.
- Published
- 2011
25. Statement of Peer Review †.
- Author
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Nurfikri, Ari, Karnadipa, Triana, Safitri, Karin Amelia, Ferezagia, Debrina Vita, and Swasto, Widyo
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INTERNET access ,DIGITAL certificates ,MINORS - Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Biological sample collections from minors for genetic research: a systematic review of guidelines and position papers
- Author
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Kristien Hens, Jean-Jacques Cassiman, Herman Nys, and Kris Dierickx
- Subjects
Genetic Research ,Evidence-based practice ,Adolescent ,education ,Sample (statistics) ,Guidelines as Topic ,Minor (academic) ,Specimen Handling ,Resource (project management) ,minor ,Genetics ,Humans ,Parental Consent ,Child ,Genetics (clinical) ,Biological Specimen Banks ,child ,Scope (project management) ,Corporate governance ,Publications ,genetic research ,Evidence-based medicine ,Biobank ,biobank ,Minors ,Policy ,biological sample ,Engineering ethics ,guideline ,Ethics Committees, Research - Abstract
Stored tissue samples are an important resource for epidemiological genetic research. Genetic research on biological material from minors can yield valuable information on the development and genesis of early-onset genetic disorders and the early interaction of environmental and genetic factors. The use of such tissue raises some specific ethical and governance questions, which are not completely covered by the discussion on biological materials from adults. We have retrieved 29 guidelines and position papers pertaining to the storage and use of biological tissue samples for genetic research, originating from 27 different organizations. Five documents have an international scope, three have an European scope and 21 have a national scope. We discovered that 11 of these documents did not contain a section on biological materials from minors. The content of the remaining 18 documents was categorized according to four themes: consent, principles of non-therapeutic research on vulnerable populations, ethics committee approval and difference between anonymous and identifiable samples. We found out that these themes are not consistently mentioned by each document, but that documents discussing the same themes were mostly in agreement with their recommendations. However, a systematic reflection on the ethical and policy issues arising from the participation of minors in biobank research is missing. ispartof: European Journal of Human Genetics vol:17 issue:8 pages:979-990 ispartof: location:England status: published
- Published
- 2009
27. A Virus Without Papers: Understanding COVID-19 and the Impact on Immigrant Communities.
- Author
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Kiester, Elizabeth and Vasquez-Merino, Jennifer
- Subjects
COVID-19 ,COVID-19 pandemic ,MINORS ,HEALTH insurance exchanges ,DEFERRED Action for Childhood Arrivals (U.S.) ,INDUSTRIAL hygiene ,HEALTH services accessibility - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the inequalities facing vulnerable populations: those living in economically precarious situations and lacking adequate health care. In addition, frontline workers deemed essential to meet our basic needs have faced enormous personal risk to keep earning their paychecks and the economy running. Immigrant communities face an intersection of all three vulnerabilities (e.g., economic precarity, health care barriers, essential workforce), making themone of the most vulnerable populations in the United States. We conducted 26 interviews via Zoomwith immigrant service providers in Pennsylvania andNewYork, including lawyers, caseworkers, religious leaders, advocates, doctors, and educators in order to gain a better understanding of the impact of COVID-19 on immigrant communities. These interviews affirmed that immigrants are concentrated in essential industries, which increases their exposure to the virus. In addition, they lack access to social safety nets when trying to access health care or facing job/income loss. Last, COVID-19 did not adequately slow the detention and deportation machine in the United States, which led to increased transmission of the virus among not only detainees but also others in the detention system, surrounding communities, and the countries towhich peoplewere deported, countries that often lacked an adequate infrastructure for dealing with the pandemic. Based on our interviews, we have a series of specific policy recommendations to diminish the vulnerability of immigrants and create social safety nets that will include them and protect them when the market fails to do so. Immigrants of all types have made indispensable contributions to the US economy during the pandemic and before it. First, Congress and states should pass legislation to provide COVID-19 relief payments to all essential workers, regardless of their status, as compensation for putting their lives on the line to keep the economy running. Second, as a public health imperative, federal and state governments should expand coverage of Medicaid and Children'sHealth Insurance Programs (CHIP) to include immigrant essential workers and their children, regardless of their status. Third, DHS should not refer essential workers to removal proceedings, and immigration courts should terminate all removal proceedings for essential workers without criminal records. When it comes to issues of health care affordability and access, Congress must continue to revise the Affordable Healthcare Act to expand coverage for those who do not qualify for Medicaid but earn too little to afford insurance on their own. Finally, there must be a review and rigorous enforcement of workplace health and safety standards, particularly when it comes to farming, meatpacking, food production, and food service industries. Our final recommendations are specific to DHS and two of the primary agencies they oversee: Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and the Border Patrol. First, there needs to be a review of ICE policies and practices, leading to a shift in policy that keeps mixed-status families intact and minor children out of detention centers and that streamlines and expands the asylum process. Second, both Congress and the administration must create additional paths to legal status where none now exist, including for recipients of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) and for children who have arrived since June 2007. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Analysis of security and privacy issues in wearables for minors
- Author
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Fúster, Jaime, Solera-Cotanilla, Sonia, Pérez, Jaime, Vega-Barbas, Mario, Palacios, Rafael, Álvarez-Campana, Manuel, and Lopez, Gregorio
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Carrier testing in minors: a systematic review of guidelines and position papers.
- Author
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Borry, Pascal, Fryns, Jean-Pierre, Schotsmans, Paul, and Dierickx, Kris
- Subjects
- *
X chromosome , *X chromosome abnormalities , *GENETICS , *HUMAN chromosome abnormality diagnosis , *MINORS , *ETHICS , *REPRODUCTIVE health , *INTELLECTUAL capital , *CHILDREN , *HUMAN genetics - Abstract
The objective of this article is to review all published normative ethical and clinical guidelines concerning the genetic carrier testing of minors. The databases Medline, Philosopher's Index, Biological Abstracts, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched using keywords relating to the carrier testing of children. We also searched the websites of the national bioethics committees indexed on the websites of WHO and the German Reference Center for Ethics in the Life Sciences, the Human Genetics Societies of various nations indexed on the website of the International Federation of Human Genetics Societies and related links, and the national medical associations indexed on the website of the World Medical Association. We retrieved 14 guidelines emanating from 24 different groups. All guidelines advanced the following preferences: (1) carrier testing should not be performed in children, and (2) testing should be deferred until the child can give proper informed consent to be tested. The guidelines varied in three areas: (a) the role of genetic services in ensuring that children are informed about their carrier status and associated risks when they are older; (b) exceptions to the general rule of withholding or deferring carrier testing; and (c) the communication of incidentally discovered carrier status. In the absence of compelling reasons, carrier testing of a child can reasonably be deferred until the child has the intellectual capacity needed to discern if and when to be tested.European Journal of Human Genetics (2006) 14, 133–138. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201509; published online 2 November 2005 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Risky consumption, reasons for use, migratory status and normalization: the results of an Italian study on minors aged between 13 and 16
- Author
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Pavarin, Raimondo Maria, Emiliani, Francesca, Passini, Stefano, Mameli, Consuelo, and Palareti, Laura
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Informed consent: discussion paper by the New Zealand Health Council's working party
- Subjects
Biomedical Research ,Informed Consent ,Tissue and Organ Procurement ,Health Planning Guidelines ,Health Policy ,Advisory Committees ,Disclosure ,Risk Assessment ,Nontherapeutic Human Experimentation ,Tissue Donors ,Consent Forms ,Minors ,Humans ,Comprehension ,New Zealand - Published
- 1990
32. INSTITUT POSEBNOG SKRBNIŠTVA U MALOLJETNIČKOM KAZNENOM PRAVU.
- Author
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Prtenjača, Marta Dragičević, Rizvić, Dijana, and Rendulić, Josipa
- Abstract
Copyright of Pravni Vjesnik is the property of Pravni fakultet Sveucilista J. J. Strossmayera u Osijeku and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Choosing Routes in Urban Areas that are Robust Against Minor Nonrecurring Traffic Incidents.
- Author
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Fazekas, Zoltán, Obaid, Mohammed, and Gáspár, Péter
- Subjects
CITIES & towns ,CHILD trafficking ,TRAFFIC monitoring ,TRAFFIC congestion ,AUTONOMOUS vehicles ,URBAN planning ,CITY traffic ,MINORS - Abstract
The paper looks at certain vehicle-level re-routing issues within urban road networks, and related network-level traffic management issues. These arise mostly when the traffic along a route of significance is hindered, slowed down, or even blocked because of some – possibly minor – unexpected, nonrecurring traffic incident at a sensitive road location, or road section. Considerations for planning routes in urban areas – routes that are in some sense robust against such incidents – are presented herein. Also, the on–the–spot detection of traffic queues by an ego-vehicle – relying on data streams from on-board visual line-of-sight (LoS) exteroceptive sensors watching, scanning and monitoring the ego-vehicle's road environment, and by some on-board dedicated real-time detection systems processing and analyzing the incoming data streams – is touched upon. However, this traffic congestion avoidance and mitigating approach – effectuated either by individual autonomous vehicles, or by human drivers – presumes availability of alternative routes, which is not the case for a good portion of the route considered. A route planning approach that could be used for routes with such critical sections is proposed and motivated through an example of an urban route of significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. When the past repeats itself: narrating refugee children's stories in Rabih Alameddine's The Wrong End of the Telescope.
- Author
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Amrieh, Yousef Abu
- Subjects
CHILDREN'S stories ,REFUGEE children ,MINORS ,YOUNG adults ,TELESCOPES ,CHILDREN'S literature ,HISTORY of colonies ,CLASSICAL literature - Abstract
This paper examines Lebanese-American novelist Rabih Alameddine's representations of the hardships and difficulties that refugee children encounter as they flee their homelands, sometimes as unaccompanied minors. Set on the Greek island of Lesbos during the 2015–2016 refugee crisis, Alameddine's The Wrong End of the Telescope (2021) depicts the sufferings of refugee children, and simultaneously draws on mythological events to underline their miseries and anguishes in contemporary times. By juxtaposing contemporary stories of refugee children with those of children and young people from classical literature, such as Icarus and Arion, Alameddine's narrative attempts to document these stories and save them from oblivion. As the narrator, Dr Mina Simpson, relates the events she witnesses during her sojourn in Lesbos, she becomes aware of her position as a person who once went through similar experiences of deprivation and dislocation. In this sense, The Wrong End of the Telescope critiques and exposes anti-immigration policies implemented by European countries to curb the influx of immigrants and asylum-seekers from the Middle East. Employing a postcolonial perspective, this paper highlights how Alameddine's novel links the contemporary refugee crisis to Europe's colonial past and shows how the Mediterranean has become a cemetery for children and young people who aspire to better living conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. A combinatorial algorithm for computing the entire sequence of the maximum degree of minors of a generic partitioned polynomial matrix with 2×2 submatrices.
- Author
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Iwamasa, Yuni
- Subjects
POLYNOMIALS ,MINORS ,MATRICES (Mathematics) ,ALGORITHMS ,BIPARTITE graphs ,INTEGERS - Abstract
In this paper, we consider the problem of computing the entire sequence of the maximum degree of minors of a block-structured symbolic matrix (a generic partitioned polynomial matrix) A = (A α β x α β t d α β ) , where A α β is a 2 × 2 matrix over a field F , x α β is an indeterminate, and d α β is an integer for α = 1 , 2 , ⋯ , μ and β = 1 , 2 , ⋯ , ν , and t is an additional indeterminate. This problem can be viewed as an algebraic generalization of the maximum weight bipartite matching problem. The main result of this paper is a combinatorial -time algorithm for computing the entire sequence of the maximum degree of minors of a (2 × 2) -type generic partitioned polynomial matrix of size 2 μ × 2 ν . We also present a minimax theorem, which can be used as a good characterization (NP ∩ co-NP characterization) for the computation of the maximum degree of minors of order k. Our results generalize the classical primal-dual algorithm (the Hungarian method) and minimax formula (Egerváry's theorem) for the maximum weight bipartite matching problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Minors' and guardian access to and use of a national patient portal: A retrospective comparative case study of Sweden and Finland.
- Author
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Hagström J, Hägglund M, Holmroos M, Lähteenmäki P, and Hörhammer I
- Subjects
- Humans, Finland, Sweden, Retrospective Studies, Adolescent, Male, Female, Confidentiality, Child, Electronic Health Records statistics & numerical data, Patient Access to Records, Legal Guardians, Minors, Patient Portals statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Background: Approaches to implementing online record access (ORA) via patient portals for minors and guardians vary internationally, as more countries continue to develop patient-accessible electronic health records (PAEHR) systems. Evidence of ORA usage and country-specific practices to allow or block minors' and guardians' access to minors' records during adolescence (i.e. access control practices) may provide a broader understanding of possible approaches and their implications for minors' confidentiality and guardian support., Aim: To describe and compare minors' and guardian proxy users' PAEHR usage in Sweden and Finland. Furthermore, to investigate the use of country-specific access control practices., Methods: A retrospective, observational case study was conducted. Data were collected from PAEHR administration services in Sweden and Finland and proportional use was calculated based on population statistics. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the results., Results: In both Sweden and Finland, the proportion of adolescents accessing their PAEHR increased from younger to older age-groups reaching the proportion of 59.9 % in Sweden and 84.8 % in Finland in the age-group of 17-year-olds. The PAEHR access gap during early adolescence in Sweden may explain the lower proportion of users among those who enter adulthood. Around half of guardians in Finland accessed their minor children's records in 2022 (46.1 %), while Swedish guardian use was the highest in 2022 for newborn children (41.8 %), and decreased thereafter. Few, mainly guardians, applied for extended access in Sweden. In Finland, where a case-by-case approach to access control relies on healthcare professionals' (HCPs) consideration of a minor's maturity, 95.8 % of minors chose to disclose prescription information to their guardians., Conclusion: While age-based access control practices can hamper ORA for minors and guardians, case-by-case approach requires HCP resources and careful guidance to ensure equality between patients. Guardians primarily access minors' records during early childhood and adolescents show willingness to share their PAEHR with parents., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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37. "I Hereby Bequeath My Family History Facts...".
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NORRIS, DAVID A.
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FAMILY history (Sociology) ,MINORS ,DAUGHTERS ,ECCLESIASTICAL courts - Abstract
(Therefore, the devisor was the person making the will, while devisees were those inherited from the will.) A GREAT DEAL OF GENEALOGICAL INFORMATION, AND ILLUMINATING insight into the lives of past generations, can be found in will and estate papers. Describing the document as a "will" refers to distributing property according to the free will of the "testator", the writer of the will. Probate laws and procedures can vary quite a bit in different places and times, but we can take a quick look at the sort of family history information that wills and estate files might give you. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
38. Lampedusa humanitarian emergency in 2011: the case of unaccompanied migrant minors
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Duca, Rita
- Published
- 2012
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39. Phenomenological Dimension and Punitive Reaction to Juvenile Crime.
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Maloku, Elda and Maloku, Ahmet
- Subjects
JUVENILE delinquency ,CRIME ,STATISTICS ,JUVENILE detention ,PUNISHMENT - Abstract
This paper focuses on elaborating and analyzing the state of criminality from the phenomenological dimension and the reaction to juvenile crime in Kosovo in the 2017-2019 research period. In the paper, after the conceptual definition of juvenile delinquency, we will analyze the statistical data of juvenile delinquency registered in the prosecutor's office, their dynamics, such as the imposition of diversity measures, educational measures and punishments in the three-year research period. The purpose of the research is mainly focused on the registered criminal offenses committed by minors and the imposition of diversity measures, educational measures and punishments against minors for committing criminal offenses in Kosovo. The approach to dealing with this topic lies in the recent concerns about the increase in the percentage of juvenile delinquency in Kosovo, especially the increase in the percentage in the Gjilan Region. The method that is used to analyze the phenomenological dimension and criminality is the deskresearch method. Given the topicality of the topic, the scientific approach, we estimate that the results of this research-scientific paper will serve the competent bodies and institutions for the prevention and fight against this negative phenomenon in Kosovo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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40. U PRILOG SNIŽAVANJA STAROSNE GRANICE KRIVIČNE ODGOVORNOSTI - DRUGAČIJI POGLED NA „VEČITU DILEMU".
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Bajović, Vanja
- Abstract
Copyright of Crimen: Journal for Criminal Justice is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Law and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. A Call for Drug Therapies for the Treatment of Social Behavior Disorders in Dementia: Systematic Review of Evidence and State of the Art.
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Cerami, Chiara, Perini, Giulia, Panzavolta, Andrea, Cotta Ramusino, Matteo, and Costa, Alfredo
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BEHAVIOR disorders ,DRUG therapy ,NEUROBEHAVIORAL disorders ,SOCIAL perception ,DEMENTIA ,MINORS - Abstract
Growing evidence supports the presence of social cognition deficits and social behavior alterations in major and minor neurocognitive disorders (NCDs). Even though the ability to identify socio-emotional changes has significantly improved in recent years, there is still no specific treatment available. Thus, we explored evidence of drug therapies targeting social cognition alterations in NCDs. Papers were selected according to PRISMA guidelines by searching on the PubMed and Scopus databases. Only papers reporting information on pharmacological interventions for the treatment of social cognition and/or social behavioral changes in major and/or minor NCDs were included. Among the 171 articles entered in the paper selection, only 9 papers were eligible for the scope of the review. Trials testing pharmacological treatments for socio-emotional alterations in NCDs are poor and of low-medium quality. A few attempts with neuroprotective, psychoactive, or immunomodulating drugs have been made. Oxytocin is the only drug specifically targeting the social brain that has been tested with promising results in frontotemporal dementia. Its beneficial effects in long-term use have yet to be evaluated. No recommendation can currently be provided. There is a long way to go to identify and test effective targets to treat social cognition changes in NCDs for the ultimate benefit of patients and caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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42. Dental Age Assessment Based on Developmental Stages and Maturity Index of Third Molars for Medico-Legal Purposes.
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Švábová, Petra, Soták, Michal, Galis, Branislav, Kroupová, Patrícia, Bundová, Lucia, Vojtušová, Adriana, Masnicová, Soňa, and Beňuš, Radoslav
- Subjects
THIRD molars ,DENTAL maturity ,ADULTS ,MINORS ,FEMALES - Abstract
As results may vary depending on the method of examination, this paper analyzes methods of age estimation based on the maturation index of third molars (I
3M ) and Kohler's developmental stages in living individuals. A total of 1475 orthopantomograms were analyzed. The results showed that the development of third molars tended to be more advanced in males than in females. Regression equations that included the value of the developmental stage of the left third molar most accurately predicted chronologic age in males and females. Using the I3M method, there were no statistically significant bilateral differences between the mandibular right and left third molars. Overall, 82.92% of males and only 72.82% of females were correctly classified with the cut-off value (0.08) for the left mandibular third molar index. In addition, 81.97% of individuals were correctly classified as minors and adults using the Kohler method, while only 78.62% of individuals were correctly classified as minors and adults using the I3M method. Based on the misclassification of minors as adults, both methods should be used with caution and overestimation of age should be considered, especially for those close to 18 years of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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43. Digital libraries for minor languages in India: frameworks for addressing absences in policy and governance.
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Wadhwa, Soni
- Subjects
ETHNOLINGUISTIC groups ,LINGUISTIC identity ,LINGUISTIC minorities ,DIGITAL libraries ,DIGITAL technology ,MINORS - Abstract
Purpose: Given that Indian languages in general are under-represented on the internet and that languages of minority linguistic groups find very little space on digital platforms, it is imperative for institutions such as libraries to cater to smaller communities and their educational needs while also reaching out to them in their own languages. This study aims to deliberate on strategies for enlisting community support for gathering diverse learning resources in different languages and for enlisting participation in activities such as crowdsourcing in initiatives such as annotations and transliteration. Design/methodology/approach: This paper calls for interventions that imagine and create infrastructure for the flourishing of smaller libraries that can draw from and feed into large-scale national and international libraries. Offering a conceptual framework to rethink the country's approach toward minor languages, it first offers an overview of policies and initiatives relevant to the concerns of minor languages in digital libraries in India. Based on the policy analysis, it then goes on to suggest starting points for policy designers and custodians of libraries to help them work toward better representation of languages in their resources. Findings: The existing frameworks analyzed here for the greater or representation of minor Indian languages reveal a culture of silence toward the issue of language. With some advocacy, these frameworks can be mined to craft different ways that are critical not just for enriching libraries but also for preservation of cultural heritage of the communities concerned, thus adding a larger social dimension to the question of access. Originality/value: While a lot of socio-political discourse on minority languages in India exists, this study pushes for their bearing on digital libraries, educational frameworks and cultural heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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44. Conducting Research with Unaccompanied Refugee Minors within an Institutional Context: Challenges and Insights.
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Santinho, Cristina and Krysanova, Olga
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PHOTOGRAPHY workshops ,MINORS ,PARTICIPANT observation ,REFUGEES ,EMOTIONS - Abstract
The main goal of this paper is to explore the difficulties the refugee minors face in the process of seeking inclusion in Portugal. The project conducting this research takes place in a shelter for refugee minors in Portugal, and its inhabitants are the main focus of the analysis. The research is guided by Applied Anthropology which means that, in methodological terms, we use active listening, participant observation, and artistic workshops in drawing and photography in order to get to know them better and establish a closer relationship with the minors. Our interlocutors are refugee minors, boys and girls, aged between 15 and 18, who have been institutionalized by an NGOD responsible for hosting them in Portugal while they await their residence permit. These minors are characterized by a diversity of nationalities, socio-cultural and ethnolinguistic references and different life projects. The artistic focus (drawing and photography) is explored as a non-invasive methodology, a tool that best helps to express emotions, perceptions and desires in a creative and uncompromising way. We chose to focus our analysis not on the traumatic past, as is usually the case when it comes to refugees, but on the future. In other words: we invite these minors to think about their future, what they want for themselves in Portugal and the European Union. As we discuss our difficulties of conducting fieldwork in the institutionalized context, we conclude the article with the idea that working with refugee minors in that environment should not be an end in and of itself, but rather an opportunity to do more profound research. This investigation should continue, preferably outside the institutional gates, on a more personalized basis. As a practical goal, we also propose the idea of organizing an exhibition with the results of the workshops to facilitate the two-way process of inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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45. From vulnerable subjects to research partners: a critical policy analysis of biomedical research ethics guidelines and regulations.
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Murano, Maria Cristina
- Subjects
RESEARCH ethics ,PUBLIC health ethics ,BIOETHICS ,MEDICAL research ,POLICY analysis ,CHILD patients ,CRITICAL analysis ,MINORS - Abstract
Over the last three quarters of a century, international guidelines and regulations have undergone significant changes in how children are problematised as participants in biomedical research. While early guidelines enacted children as vulnerable subjects with diminished autonomy and in need of special protection, beginning in the early 2000s, international regulatory frameworks defined the paediatric population as vulnerable due to unaddressed public health needs. More recently, ethical recommendations have promoted the active engagement of minors as research partners. In this paper, I adopt a post-structuralist approach to policy analysis to examine deep-seated assumptions and presuppositions underlying the changes in the problematisation of children as biomedical research participants over time. While biomedical research ethics focuses on the autonomy and vulnerability of minors, ethical guidelines are situated in specific sociocultural contexts, shaped, among other things, by contingent public health needs and changing conceptions of the value of research and science for society. In the process, I demonstrate the challenge of moving away from an approach that in taking adults as the model overshadows the complexity of children's lived experiences as well as their personal, cultural, and social lives. The lack of acknowledgement of this complexity makes children vulnerable to epistemic injustice, which is particularly crucial to address in public involvement initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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46. Health-related quality of life in refugee minors from Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan resettled in Sweden: a nation-wide, cross-sectional study
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Anna-Karin Eriksson, Mathilde Sengoelge, Fredrik Saboonchi, Øivind Solberg, Charisse M. Johnson-Singh, and Marjan Vaez
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,Sociodemographic Factors ,Social Psychology ,Adolescent ,Epidemiology ,Cross-sectional study ,Refugee ,Health-related quality of life ,KIDSCREEN-27 ,Family economy ,Social support ,Quality of life ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,medicine ,Humans ,Resettlement ,Response rate (survey) ,Sweden ,Original Paper ,Refugees ,Syria ,Afghanistan ,humanities ,Stratified sampling ,Minors ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Iraq ,Quality of Life ,Female ,Psychology ,Demography - Abstract
Purpose To examine health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in refugee minors resettled in Sweden and compare results to a European reference population, while exploring associations between sociodemographic factors and HRQoL dimensions. Methods A cross-sectional, nation-wide study was conducted with a stratified sample of refugee minors ages 12–15 and 16–18 from Afghanistan, Iraq and Syria, resettled in Sweden between 2014 and 2018. HRQoL was measured using KIDSCREEN-27. HRQoL dimension scores of the sample were compared to mean scores of European age and gender-matched reference population. Associations between sociodemographic factors and HRQoL dimensions were investigated with independent t tests and ANOVA. A multivariable regression analysis was performed to identify the sociodemographic factors associated with HRQoL. Results The questionnaire was sent to 10,000 potential respondents. The response rate was 26%, yielding n = 2559 refugee minors (boys 55%, girls 45%) in the study sample. Compared to European references, minors in the present study had significantly lower scores of HRQoL within psychological wellbeing and peers and social support, whereas levels for autonomy and parent/guardian relations and school environment were higher. Several sociodemographic factors were significantly associated with all HRQoL dimensions, with those 16–18 years old, having average or poor family economy, and living with an unrelated adult or family reporting lower levels of HRQoL. Minors from Afghanistan had significantly lower scores of HRQoL for all dimensions compared to those from Iraq and Syria. Conclusion Refugee minors had significantly lower levels of HRQoL for psychological wellbeing and peers and social support compared to European references. Future research should further investigate this potential HRQoL gap further.
- Published
- 2021
47. Online sharenting: Identifying existing vulnerabilities and demystifying media reported crime risks.
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Lavorgna, Anita, Ugwudike, Pamela, and Tartari, Morena
- Subjects
MINORS ,CRIME ,EVIDENCE gaps - Abstract
Sharenting – the digital sharing of sensitive information of minors by parents or guardians – has not yet been investigated from a criminological perspective. However, there are reported concerns regarding its criminogenic potential amidst fast-growing media interest in sharenting practices, particularly in relation to the perceived crime risks. This article offers an exploratory analysis of cases where such practices led to the victimisation of minors, evidencing the gap between media reports about crime risks and actual victimisation. The paper also demonstrates that sharenting is a more complex phenomenon than generally recognised. By exploring these issues, the paper advances criminological understanding of the practice and demonstrates the divergences between media-reported crime risks and victimisation associated with sharenting. Although the paper highlights media exaggerations of such crime victimisation which can heighten public fear and anxiety, the article also provides new insights on the nature of actual victimisation, to raise awareness and aid preventative intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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48. Happy to belong: Exploring the embeddedness of well-being in the integration of migrant and refugee minors.
- Author
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Bajo Marcos, Eva, Fernández, Mercedes, and Serrano, Inmaculada
- Subjects
WELL-being ,CHILDREN of immigrants ,REFUGEES ,REFUGEE children ,MINORS ,IMMIGRANTS - Abstract
This paper aims to explore the role of Child Well-Being (CWB) in the integration processes of migrant and refugee minors. Through the co-creative development of a new child-centered system of indicators about the integration of migrant and refugee children in Europe the authors discuss a) the prominent role of well-being in this set of indicators, and b) how reappraising these indicators from a well-being approach can contribute to delving into which aspects of CWB are connected to the integration of migrant children. The contributions of this paper open new research paths: on the one hand, the methodology presented provides a reference for future research that can replicate the procedure to build child-centered indicators in disciplines different than migration studies; on the other hand, the results presented suggest not only that well-being has a prominent role in migrant children integration experiences, but also, that reappraising dimensions of migrant children's integration from a well-being approach hints at blurry borders between both concepts. This suggests promising research opportunities to underpin the relationship between integration and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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49. KRIVICA MALOLJETNIH LICA U ZAKONODAVSTVU BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE - NEDOSTACI I DILEME -.
- Author
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Orlić, Suad and Karović, Sadmir
- Abstract
Copyright of Crimen: Journal for Criminal Justice is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Law and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Adherence to the paediatric immunisation schedule in England
- Author
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Julian Sherlock, Jan Bonhoeffer, Simon de Lusignan, Filipa Ferreira, Nino Künzli, and Jorgen Bauwens
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Schedule ,Vaccines ,General Veterinary ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,business.industry ,Vaccination ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,First year of life ,Multiple deprivation ,RC581-607 ,Minors ,Infectious Diseases ,Immunisation schedule ,Regular paper ,Adherence ,medicine ,Molecular Medicine ,Vaccine-preventable diseases ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,business ,Children - Abstract
Both adequate coverage and adherence to paediatric immunisation schedules are required for optimal protection against vaccine preventable diseases. We studied the timeliness of routine paediatric vaccinations according to the NHS’s immunisation schedule and potential factors of schedule adherence. Immunisation data was obtained from the Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC). We collected vaccine types, doses, and dates for all routine paediatric vaccines between 2008 and 2018: DTaP/IPV/Hib/HepB, DTaP/IPV/Hib, DTaP/IPV, dTaP/IPV, Td/IPV, MMR, PCV, MenB, MenC, MenACWY, Hib/MenC, RV, HPV. Adherence to the immunisation schedule was calculated for each vaccine and dose. Differences in adherence between genders, NHS regions, and IMD quintiles were analysed. Our study included 6′257′828 vaccinations in 1′005′827 children. Seventy-five percent of first doses were administered within one (for vaccines scheduled in the first year of life) or two months (for vaccines scheduled later in life) following the recommended age, 19% too late and 6% too early. About half of the subsequent doses were given timely. The time between first and second doses was too short for 36% of vaccinations while 13% of second doses were administered too long after the first dose. Third doses were administered timely for 45%, too short for 37%, and too long for 18% of vaccinations. Differences in immunisation schedule adherence between girls and boys were negligible, except for HPV, and differences between the four main NHS regions were small. Overall, immunisation schedule adherence improved slightly with decreasing deprivation according to the Index of Multiple Deprivation. Efforts are required to improve the timeliness of paediatric vaccinations and to assure adequate protection against vaccine preventable diseases. We propose developing a compound measure combining coverage and adherence to provide a better indication of the protection against vaccine preventable diseases in a community.
- Published
- 2021
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