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The revolution in wireless and cellular communications has led to a remarkable growth in smart mobile cellular devices capable of Internet access and mobile web browsing. This study empirically examined the emerging role of the mobile Internet as an alternative access channel for a growing list of applications and services. Based on a survey of 220 undergraduate students in a major university in the Middle East, we developed and tested a model where the mobile advantage of e-communication, e-transactions, e-entertainment, and e-learning were posited to influence the choice of Internet access channel, mobile or stationary. The results indicated that e-communication, e-transactions, and e-entertainment significantly influenced the choice of Internet channel, whereas access to online learning resources and services did not have such an effect. Moreover, the study did not find any significant effect of gender in this preference, pointing to the declining relevance of the gender digital divide. Some theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.

Mobile devices facilitate the use of mobile services that are similar to services used via fixed Internet connections. The objective of this article is to assess displacement effects between fixed and mobile Internet services, and to research the role of technical capabilities of mobile handsets and demographics as moderators. This study is based on a sample of 628 respondents who have access to fixed and mobile Internet services. The respondents' usage of services was analyzed. An online questionnaire was used to collect data on the use of information, communication, entertainment, and transaction services. Mobile Internet reinforces, rather than replaces, Internet usage. When people possess an iPhone® or (mobile) laptop, this reinforcement effect is present for entertainment services. With respect to transaction services, the Blackberry® makes a stronger case. With the exception of gender, demographic characteristics do not have a moderating effect. Women display a stronger reinforcement effect than men in relation to transaction services. To the best of our knowledge, no study to date has investigated the displacement effects of fixed Internet services by the mobile handset. This empirical study contributes to the literature regarding the displacement effects of mobile Internet services. ACCESS TO FULL TEXT

Recently, smart phones such as the Galaxy S and IPhone, and tablet PCs such as the Galaxy Tab have been introduced and become widespread in the market, thus the environment for wireless Internet services has been improving. As the market has improved, consumer preferences for mobile devices and the relationship between these devices and wireless Internet services regarding consumer preferences have become a very important issue. However, although there have been a considerable number of studies on the demand for mobile devices, it is not easy to find previous studies on the relationship between consumer preferences for specific attributes of wireless Internet services and the demand for mobile devices. The main purpose of this study is to analyze which mobile device is more likely to be preferred or become the main channel for wireless Internet services and how the demand for each mobile device is influenced by consumer preferences for specific attributes of wireless broadband Internet services u...

With the rapid development of the internet and wireless mobile communication technology, more and more users make use of mobile terminal to access to the internet. Wireless mobile accessing technology combined with IPv6 protocol have been the present research hotspots. In this paper we analyzed the layered switching based on mobile IPv6 protocol, and compared its performance of technology. At last, corresponding conclusion is given, combining with the practical application.

This paper aims at a better understanding of the mechanisms of mobile network service evolution through a closer examination of the context of mobile handsets. It aims first to establish quantitatively that mobile handsets are a determinant of mobile network service evolution patterns, and second, to develop a consistent perspective capable of explaining the evolution of various mobile network services. Despite the fact that mobile handsets are indispensable to users of mobile network services, surprisingly little is known about the role of these handsets in mobile network service evolution. This paper provides quantitative evidence of a positive relationship between intra-network-carrier penetration rates for mobile network service subscribers and mobile handsets designed for these services. The relationship is such that if one network service is diffused more than another, the mobile handsets related to the more diffused service are similarly more widely diffused in the market, and vice versa. The evidence is derived from an analysis of two mobile network services in Japan, mobile Internet and third generation mobile, initiated by NTT DoCoMo and KDDI. There are no existing studies that consistently explain the mechanisms of different mobile network service evolution patterns. Since the positive relationship that emerges from the analysis is consistent for both cases, by examining the mechanisms underlying this relationship, the paper develops an adequate and consistent perspective based on a constituent model reflecting the technological and competition structure of mobile network services. From this perspective, this positive relationship can be explained as the similarity or dissimilarity in essential technology ownership distribution across constituents. This perspective describes mobile network evolution in terms of changes in the distribution of essential technology ownership and, therefore, could be generalised more widely.

Designing mobile information services, including mobile Internet services, mobile banking, interactive mobile television, location-based services etc. that capture a mass market has not been easy, and there have been many disappointments over the past years. There are still uncertainties with regard to the kinds of mobile services users want and need. We argue that users wants and needs depend on their context, which means that users should play an important role in the design process of mobile information services, through a structured approach in which developers and users work together. In this paper, we present a group-based approach to include the user early on in the design process in an efficient way. We have applied the group-based approach in three cases, i.e. mobile services for campus visitors, wireless applications for the process industry and services for crisis management. In all cases, involving users early on in the design process enabled the developers to gather useful information for designing mobile information services.

In Japan, the mobile phone has become an increasingly popular medium of accessing the Internet and e-mail, especially among those who may not have affordable access to a computer. The lower startup costs and the easier overall accessibility of mobile phones relative to personal computers suggest that the mobile phone may be a possible alternative for overcoming unequal access to information communication technology in Japan and elsewhere. Using microdata from 2001, we compare and contrast the determinants of mobile versus computer-based Internet in Japan. Our findings show that mobile Internet access, as compared to computer access, is determined less by demographics, socioeconomic status, and technological readiness, suggesting that barriers to Internet access are lower for mobile phones than is the case for computers.

For a number of years, Finland was considered one of the most successful countries in Europe in terms of the adoption and use of mobile services. In this paper, we focus on trends in service adoption, by discussing the development in the Finnish telecommunication market and trends in actual and future user behaviour with regard to three groups of mobile services. Based on surveys from 2004, 2005 and 2006, in which the same concepts were measured, we test models in which concepts like innovativeness, flexibility, status and entertainment value are related to mobile travel service, traditional entertainment and mobile Internet services. Our analysis shows that we cannot understand the actual and future use unless we take the characteristics and user values of the specific mobile services into account.

International audience

Japan is leading the world with the adoption of new mobile data services such as Internet services and with a resulting boost in data ARPU (average revenue per user). In the development of these services, many functions have been integrated into mobile handsets, which has resulted in a convergence of, so far, separate consumer electronic devices. This article addresses the following questions: What are the drivers of this process? What could European players, in particular the European policymakers do to catch up? According to our research, a major driver of the process in Japan is tough competition among operators, which in turn is driven by factors such as competition in mobile radio infrastructure. The author arrives at the following conclusions for European policies: (1) There should be more awareness of the Japanese lead, e.g., of the crucial role of Internet push e-mail. (2) Europe could benefit from more operators willing to bear the risk of introducing new technologies. (3) For a successful introduction of infrastructure competition, it could make sense to make spectrum bands available with European-wide licenses.

Under the new paradigm of an information society, Japan’s institutions did not function as effeciently as they did in an industrial society. Consequently, Japan experienced a vicious cycle between non‐elastic institutions and insufficient utilization of the potential benefits of IT. However, the deployment of i‐mobile service (NTT DoCoMo’s mobile Internet access service) in the late 1990s provided encouragement that, once potential is exploited, Japan’s institutional systems can effectively stimulate the self‐propagating behavior of IT. The deployment of i‐mode service can be attributed to resonance between IT driven self‐propagating trajectory and “an institutional spiral trajectory” initiated by non‐organizational initiatives based on learning exercise from preceding services such as message exchange, mobile phone and Internet access. While i‐mode service itself was not necessarily successful in the global deployment, it induced mobile phone driven innovation that stimulated activation of Japan’s economy in the early 2000th by playing such a role as catalysis in disseminating spillover of core technologies. This paper, on the basis of an empirical analysis of the deployment trajectory of i‐mode service, attempts to identify the structural sources that enabled the dramatic deployment of IT and subsequent inducement of mobile phone driven innovation in Japan.

The mobile Internet allows users to obtain digitized contents and services from wired and wireless networks virtually anywhere at any time via different handheld mobile devices. However, due to the distinct features of mobile users, mobile devices and wireless networks, deploying mobile services is not as straightforward as generally expected. To ensure the success of mobile services, this paper presents a multi-agent framework that considers different contexts to support personalized services on wireless networks. In the proposed approach, client users, content providers, and service providers are all considered as software agents. They interoperate on the same platform to request and deliver mobile services. The most important issues related to agent operations and context awareness in an agent world are also discussed and analyzed. To verify our framework, different application services are developed accordingly on a publicly available middleware platform. Experiments are conducted for both services to evaluate their corresponding performance. The preliminary results show that our multi-agent approach to personalization is promising and efficient in the deployment of mobile services.

As mobile network operators come to terms with the inevitability of falling revenues from traditional revenue streams, many have begun exploring alternative revenue models. A prominent approach has been to encourage the development of revenue-generating services by exposing network resources to developers through an application programming interface (API). The objective is to use common Internet Protocol (IP) technologies such as web services that appeal to a wider developer audience. This movement is particularly important for developing countries due to the rapid proliferation of mobile broadband networks and the emerging entrepreneurial opportunities that exist within the mobile development space. Notably, what has been missing in this sector is a simple toolkit that developers can utilise to create prototypes. This paper presents a model for telecommunication service exposure and describes an implementation involving a mobile application, an application server and a protocol bridge that translates mobile requests to the internal telecommunication protocols.

Recently, mobile networks and internet technologies have been widely developed for the voice communication and information retrieval services all over the world. Compared with the wire-line internet environment, mobile networks have lower bandwidth, longer transmission latency and unreliable connection, and the capability of mobile terminals is restricted by the limited memory size, lower CPU computation capability and inconvenient I/O interface. These limitations restrict the development of the wireless internet applications. In this paper, we design and implement a ‘wireless internet remote access platform’ (WIRAP). The WIRAP platform interconnects the wireless network and internet to provide mobile users a remote centralized storage and computation environment. A mobile user can store large volume of data and execute complex computations on WIRAP instead of on the mobile terminals. WIRAP supports different network interfaces (e.g. short message service (SMS), wireless markup language (WML) and hyper text markup language (HTML) and users may use terminals (with different network capabilities) to access WIRAP. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Universal Mobile Telecommunications System networks will be based on the Internet Protocol (IP) to provide an efficient support for applications with bursty traffic characteristics, e.g. WWW browsers. Such IP-based networks must include Quality of Service (QoS) mechanisms to enable the usage of real-time applications, such as mobile telephony. Different network services are necessary to satisfy the different needs of applications in wireless mobile networks. To overcome this problem, this article proposes the Mobile Differentiated Services QoS Model (MoDiQ), a framework to provide QoS in wireless mobile networks. MoDiQ is based on the Differentiated Services approach, developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force for wireline networks. An important part of MoDiQ is the MoDiQ service model, which comprises separate services for mobile terminals and non-mobile terminals. This can enhance the efficiency of resource utilization in scenarios where not all mobile terminals are actually moving.

Mobile Internet applications on ubiquitous mobile networks allows real‐time, anywhere, anytime connectivity to services. Owing to its scalability and potential cost savings, mobile communication is being increasingly applied in the business and consumer communities to create innovative data and voice application, which run over the Internet infrastructure. This paper describes the findings from a case study at an organisation that integrated mobile applications developed by third party developers. This paper presents a five dimensional reference model that provides a measure of project complexity for mobile systems development. This reference model aims to incorporate the unique context of mobile systems projects to: improve skills‐task allocation, allow more accurate development costing and improve project management performance on complex projects.

Approximately 40% of the population enjoy access to the Internet via mobile phones in Japan, where user needs have driven developments of the mobile Internet such as “i-mode”. After reviewing mobile Internet services in Japan, this article examines key social and cultural factors of mobile Internet use based on nationally representative surveys focusing on differences between PC and mobile Internet. The results demonstrate that mobile Internet is a more time-enhancing activity while PC Internet is a more time-displacing activity. Additionally, this article discusses unique Japanese cultural factors affecting communication patterns characterized by the high disclosure of subjective self and low disclosure of objective self, which may explain the unique usage patterns of the mobile Internet in Japan.

This article outlines the current state of mobile communications and presents some of the future directions in research and development from the perspective of NTT DoCoMo with special emphasis on the market in Japan. It first describes the directions in which mobile communications are expected to forge ahead in the future, and the service implementation strategies they could employ. Then it describes an example of mobile multimedia services and present an outline of the Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access (FOMA), which is a service based on the 3G mobile communications system called International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT2000). This is followed by an overview of our R&D approach to 4G systems, which constitute mobile communications systems of the future, and the profile of technologies to make these happen. Finally, it reviews our approach to future technologies that are expected to be realized in 4G and subsequent systems, and illustrate it with an example of a research project.

With recent advances in devices, middleware, applications and networking infrastructure, the wireless Internet is becoming a reality. We believe that some of the major drivers of the wireless Internet will be emerging mobile applications such as mobile commerce. Although many of these are futuristic, some applications including user-and location-specific mobile advertising, location-based services, and mobile financial services are beginning to be commercialized. Mobile commerce applications present several interesting and complex challenges including location management of products, services, devices, and people. Further, these applications have fairly diverse requirements from the underlying wireless infrastructure in terms of location accuracy, response time, multicast support, transaction frequency and duration, and dependability. Therefore, research is necessary to address these important and complex challenges. In this article, we present an integrated location management architecture to support the diverse location requirements of m-commerce applications. The proposed architecture is capable of supporting a range of location accuracies, wider network coverage, wireless multicast, and infrastructure dependability for m-commerce applications. The proposed architecture can also support several emerging mobile applications. Additionally, several interesting research problems and directions in location management for wireless Internet applications are presented and discussed.

The deck-of-cards metaphor underlies nearly all content developed for mobile wireless technologies. Standard, high-level application-development technologies, which are available for most major hardware platforms, ease this development task because they are optimized for the severe restrictions on a mobile device's screen size, processing power, and battery life. We discuss three major application-development technologies: the wireless application protocol (WAP), NTT DoCoMo's i-mode, and Sun's Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME). Each lets developers create content for the current and upcoming generation of mobile wireless devices.

This book provides a snapshot of the current state-of-the-art in the fields of mobile and wireless technology, security and applications. The proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Mobile and Wireless Technology (ICMWT2015), it represents the outcome of a unique platform for researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to share cutting-edge developments in the field of mobile and wireless science technology, including those working on data management and mobile security.The contributions presented here describe the latest academic and industrial research from the international mobile and wireless community. The scope covers four major topical areas: mobile and wireless networks and applications; security in mobile and wireless technology; mobile data management and applications; and mobile software. The book will be a valuable reference for current researchers in academia and industry, and a useful resource for graduate-level students working on mobile and wireless technology.

NTT DoCoMo's I-mode system is one of the most successful stories in mobile communication industry. The system has expanded the spectrum for mobile phone users to do more than just phone calls. Although I-mode is primarily used in Japan, its business model and the strategy of doing business may have a profound impact on world's m-commerce in the near future.

In this paper, we propose a code-based discovery protocol for device-to-device (D2D) communications. To realize proximity-based services in D2D communications, such as mobile social networks and mobile marketing, each device should first discover nearby devices, which have mobile applications of interest, by using a discovery protocol. The proposed discovery protocol makes use of a hash function-based discovery code that contains compressed information of mobile applications in a device. When a device receives a discovery code broadcasted by the other device, the device can approximately find out the mobile applications in the other device. The proposed protocol is capable of quickly discovering massive number of devices while consuming a relatively small amount of radio resources. By simulation, we show that the proposed protocol greatly outperforms a simple name-based protocol.

Amid all the hype and uncertainty surrounding the 'mobile Internet', there is one undeniable success story: NTT DoCoMo's i-mode service in Japan. A key factor in i-mode's success has been its construction on top of a packet-based mobile network. To the subscriber, i-mode is a new mobile service. They can make voice calls in the normal way, but a new range of services is also available through the screen, keypad and navigation buttons. To the operator, in this case NTT DoCoMo, i-mode provides a way to attract new users and increase telecommunications revenue. The latter comes from two sources: first, charges for data transmission on a per-packet basis; secondly, an entirely new source of income as a collector of payments on behalf of third party information providers. The i-mode concept brings together several different elements to create a successful formula.

With a phenomenal increase in the number of mobile phone users and due to the fact that internet is an Inescapable part of today's life, the necessity of bringing the internet services to the mobile devices can hardly be overstressed. While the technology for wireless access to the internet is more or less established, the challenge is now on Improving the quality of the multimedia information that is there on the Internet, for the mobile devices, since the hardware support on the mobile devices is limited. Thus, a lot of effort Is being put into adaptation of web contents for the mobile devices. In this paper, we have reviewed the state-of-the-art technology of wireless application protocol (WAP) that Is the current de-facto industry standard for providing internet services to the mobile devices. We have discussed a number of applications, of both commercial and academic interests, and their implementation principles.

Third-generation (3G) mobile communication systems combine standardized streaming with a range of unique services to provide high-quality Internet content that meets the specific needs of the rapidly growing mobile market.

At the start of the 21st century, the wireless mobile markets are witnessing unprecedented growth fueled by an information explosion and a technology revolution. In the radio frequency arena, the trend is to move from narrowband to wideband with a family of standards tailored to a variety of application needs. Many enabling technologies including wideband code-division multiple access, software-defined radio, intelligent antennas, and digital processing devices are greatly improving the spectral efficiency of third-generation systems. In the mobile network area, the trend is to move from traditional circuit-switched systems to packet-switched programmable networks that integrate both voice and packet services, and eventually evolve toward an all-IP network. Furthermore, accompanied by wireless mobile location technology, wireless mobile Internet is expected to revolutionize the services that can be provided to consumers in the right place and at the right time. Wireless mobile communications may not only complement the well established wireline network; it may also become a serious competitor in years to come. We review the history of the wireless mobile communications, examine the current progress in standards and technologies, and discuss possible trends for wireless mobile solutions.

The world is becoming more dependent on wireless and mobile services, but the ability of wireless network infrastructures to handle the growing demand is questionable. As wireless and mobile services grow, weaknesses in network infrastructures become clearer. Failures not only affect current voice and data use but could also limit emerging wireless applications such as e-commerce and high-bandwidth Internet access. As wireless and mobile systems play greater roles in emergency response, including 911 and enhanced 911 services, network failures take on life-or-death significance. Therefore, in addition to directing some attention to designing survivable wireless and mobile networks, developers must also keep in mind that increasingly pervasive and demanding services will further escalate the importance of reliability and survivability requirements. The authors explain several options providers must consider to decrease the number of network failures and to cope with failures when they do occur.

Early mobile browsers offered minimal functionality and thus were not that popular with users accustomed to desktop browsers' capabilities. The mobile Web has moved forward largely because wireless-access technologies have advanced. Today's mobile browsers work with the same Web-based technologies as PC-based browsers, including PDF code and JavaScript.

Recent rapid developments in wireless and mobile IT technologies have led to their application in many real-life areas, such as disasters, home networks, mobile social networks, medical services, industry, schools, and the military. Business/work environments have become wire/wireless, integrated with wireless networks. Although the increase in the use of mobile devices that can use wireless networks increases work efficiency and provides greater convenience, wireless access to networks represents a security threat. Currently, wireless intrusion prevention systems (IPSs) are used to prevent wireless security threats. However, these are not an ideal security measure for businesses that utilize mobile devices because they do not take account of temporal-spatial and role information factors. Therefore, in this paper, an efficient and secure mobile-IPS (m-IPS) is proposed for businesses utilizing mobile devices in mobile environments for human-centric computing. Them-IPS system incorporates temporal-spatial awareness in human-centric computing with various mobile devices and checks users’ temporal spatial information, profiles, and role information to provide precise access control. And it also can extend application ofm-IPS to the Internet of things (IoT), which is one of the important advanced technologies for supporting human-centric computing environment completely, for real ubiquitous field with mobile devices.

Due to the rapid spread of smart phones and SNS (social network services), the use of Internet applications has increased and their need for bandwidth has begun to exceed the capacity of 3G networks. This has caused a reduction in speed and service quality and has underscored the need for network companies to invest in additional bandwidth. The increase in mobile network users has caused identity management problems for mobile service providers. This paper proposes improved IDM3G [8] to solve user ID management and security problems on mobile internet application services over 3G networks along with an additional authentication management protocol. The proposed I2DM protocol breaks up loads, which are allowed by the existing IDM3G protocol's mutual authentication via mobile operator process, by sending some parts to an Internet application service provider to enhance mobile and ID management at the service provider and by reducing the network and process loads from information handling and packet transmission. This optimized protocol should improve the performance of the 3G mobile network.

Consumers can increasingly use mobile phones to carry out similar tasks as they do on the fixed Internet. Literature on reinforcement and displacement states that the use of new media depends on whether users are inclined to replace or reinforce their existing media use on a new device. This paper analyzes whether the importance that users attribute to using similar services on their mobile phone as on the fixed Internet can explain the intention to adopt mobile services. Specifically, we investigate if such fixed-mobile reinforcement attitude could mediate the impact of personal innovativeness and context-of-use on intention to adopt mobile services. We compare basic Internet services, entertainment services and transaction services. We find that especially the intention to adopt basic Internet services largely depends on the importance of using similar services in the mobile domain as on the fixed Internet. Several context-of-use predictors are partially or even fully mediated by our novel construct. The results convey a positive message to operators that are betting on converged multimedia services that can be accessed from any device and from any fixed or mobile network.

Increasingly more users use mobile devices to watch videos streamed over wireless networks, and they demand more content at better quality. For example, market forecasts reveal that mobile video streaming, such as mobile TV, will catch up with gaming and music, and become the most popular application on mobile devices. In this tutorial, we will present different approaches to deliver multimedia content over various wireless networks to a large number of mobile users. We will study and analyze the main research problems in modern wireless networks that need to be addressed in order to enable efficient mobile video services. The tutorial will cover common research problems in wireless networks such as HSDPA, MBMS, WiMAX, LTE, DVB-H, MediaFLO, and ATSC M/H. After giving the preliminaries of the considered wireless network standards, we will focus on important research problems and present their solutions in details. Finally, we will discuss open problems and future research directions in mobile video. The tutorial will be composed of five parts, which are briefly described in Sec. 1-5.

Design and simulation of future mobile networks will center around human interests and behavior. We propose a design paradigm for mobile networks driven by realistic models of users' on-line behavior, based on mining of billions of wireless-LAN records. We introduce a systematic method for large-scale multi-dimensional coclustering of web activity for thousands of mobile users at 79 locations. We find surprisingly that users can be consistently modeled using ten clusters with disjoint profiles. Access patterns from multiple locations show differential user behavior. This is the first study to obtain such detailed results for mobile Internet usage., 10 pages, 10 figures

Value of information accumulated on the Web should be enhanced if it is provided to the user who just faces to a problematic situation which can be solved by the information. The authors have been investigating a task-oriented menu, which enables users to search for mobile internet services not by category but by situation of the users. Construction of the task-oriented menu is based on a user modeling method which supports descriptions of user activities, such as task execution and defeating obstacles encountered during the task, which in turn represents users' situations and/or needs for certain information. We have built task models of the mobile users which covered about 97% of the assumed situations of mobile internet services. Then we reorganized "contexts" in the model and designed a menu hierarchy from the view point of the task. We have linked the designed menu to the set of actual mobile internet service sites included in the i-mode service operated by NTT docomo, consists of 5016 services. Among them, 4817 services are properly connected to the menu. This paper introduces a framework for real scale task-oriented menu system for mobile service navigation with its relations to the SNS applications as knowledge resources.

Today 3G mobile systems are on the ground providing IP connectivity for real-time and non-real-time services. On the other side, there are many wireless technologies that have proven to be important, with the most important ones being 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) and 802.16 Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (WMAN), as well as ad-hoc Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) and wireless networks for digital TV and radio broadcast. Then, the concepts of 4G is already much discussed and it is almost certain that 4G will include several standards under a common umbrella, similarly to 3G, but with IEEE 802.xx wireless mobile networks included from the beginning. The main contribution of this paper is definition of 5G (Fifth Generation) mobile network concept, which is seen as user-centric concept instead of operator-centric as in 3G or service-centric concept as seen for 4G. In the proposed concept the mobile user is on the top of all. The 5G terminals will have software defined radios and modulation scheme as well as new error-control schemes can be downloaded from the Internet on the run. The development is seen towards the user terminals as a focus of the 5G mobile networks. The terminals will have access to different wireless technologies at the same time and the terminal should be able to combine different flows from different technologies. Each network will be responsible for handling user-mobility, while the terminal will make the final choice among different wireless/mobile access network providers for a given service. The paper also proposes intelligent Internet phone concept where the mobile phone can choose the best connections by selected constraints and dynamically change them during a single end-to-end connection. The proposal in this paper is fundamental shift in the mobile networking philosophy compared to existing 3G and near-soon 4G mobile technologies, and this concept is called here - the 5G.

Access to Mobile Services focuses on methods for accessing broadcast based M-services from multiple wireless channels. This book presents a novel infrastructure that provides a multi-channel broadcast framework for mobile users to effectively discover and access composite M-services. Multi-channel algorithms are proposed for efficiently accessing composite services. Access to Mobile Services provides an in-depth survey of wireless data access and motivates the need to treat mobile services differently. A wireless adaptation of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is also covered. Designed for researchers and practitioners who work in the general area of mobile services, this book is also suitable for advanced-level students in computer science. Forewords by: Michael P. Papazoglou, Tilburg University, The NetherlandsFabio Casati, University of Trento, Italy

The potential advantages of mobile commerce applications have been discussed extensively in the recent literature, with many industries offering mobile services. Examples from the financial sector include instant funds transfer (mobile banking) and share trading (mobile brokerage). Commuter services such as sending schedule change alerts or using a mobile phone to pay for parking have become widespread. Applications based on the location of the user (e.g., offering mobile coupons to customers in the vicinity of a shop or a restaurant) are also being trialled (Barnes, 2002; Siau, Lim, & Shen, 2001; Varshney, Vetter, & Kalakota, 2000). Despite the potential benefits (for example, improved customer service) mobile commerce applications have not been widely adopted across business sectors. Mobile banking illustrates the point: initially, seen as the “killer application” of mobile commerce (Kannan, Chang, & Whinston, 2001), it has now been termed a “dead end” (Semrau & Kraiss, 2001). It has also been classified as an application which has not yet matured (Mallat, Rooi, & Tuunainen, 2004). However, innovative applications continue to emerge, for example, breaking news alerts (CNN, n.d.), and a mobile tutoring service (Butte, 2004). It has become important therefore to identify the determinants of mobile commerce adoption and the emerging adoption patterns. A significant number of results in this area have been reported in the literature. Recent examples include studies of mobile services adoption in areas characterized by relatively high penetration of mobile devices—such as Denmark (Constantiou, Damsgaard, & Knutsen, 2004), Singapore (Samtani, Leow, Lim, & Goh, 2004), and Finland (Carlsson, Hyvonen, Repo, & Walden, 2005). The identified drivers and inhibitors of mobile commerce adoption can be broadly classified as factors related to mobile infrastructure access, and factors relating to perceived consumer value. This article proposes a mobile commerce reference model which incorporates both infrastructure access and customer value and can be used to formulate research questions related to mobile commerce adoption. The remainder of the article is organized as follows: first, mobile commerce is defined and compared to electronic commerce. The next section introduces a mobile commerce reference model and discusses mobile commerce adoption. The article continues with a review of future trends and a brief conclusion.

The nearly ubiquitous access to the internet and interactive content of the WWW has made people a powerful means to access, exchange, and process information. Geographic information/data is the most important and costliest part of GIS, and it could become quickly out of date and thus need to be constantly updated. With the rapid evolution of mobile communication technologies (3G, 4G, etc.), feature-packed mobile phones might become the default physical interface for ubiquitous computing applications, providing the foundation for new interaction paradigms to perform real-time data updates and information exchanges without any limit of space and time. The integration of geospatial information and mobile Internet is simultaneity driven by market demands and technologies. Mobile Geographical Information Service extends unlimited information on the Internet and the powerful service functions of GIS to mobile devices users. The wired Internet and the wireless/mobile internet should not be considered to be mutually exclusive, but used in conjunction with one another in a supportive capacity. Supported by 3G data technologies/services, Mobile GI Services create a new channel of business practice, and thousands of potential applications and services. A complete end-to-end mobile GI services solution is described for organizations interested in offering mobile GI services to consumer or business subscribers.

The purpose of this chapter is to provide guidelines for city governments considering implementing large-scale wireless networks to provide Internet access for their citizens and businesses. Case studies of cities in the United States that have implemented wireless networks will be evaluated in the context of opportunities and potential challenges. Some key considerations discussed in this chapter involve free versus fee-based models, security considerations, conflicts with local telecommunications companies, and network support. Opportunities to benefit police and emergency services are examined in terms of potential benefits as well as considerations of security in mission critical situations. Strategy guidelines will be presented as a means for providing structure to this decision-making process.

Mobile e-Learning is based on the combination of mobile data communication technology and wireless Internet. It is important to study and analyze mobile e-Learning research of domestic and foreign,because it will drive the future education and learning markets. This paper summarizes the research on Mobile e-Learning around the whole world and shows clearly construction directions needed toward in China. A systematic discussion and analysis of e-learning providers, educational institutions, and their cooperation is also presented.

The rapid growth of the mobile Internet in Japan leveraged new content providers specializing in the mobile Web. With the saturation of the Japanese mobile Internet, many content providers have faced downturns in the new landscape. Some exceptions provide hints for turning point analysis, and new directions for consumer-based mobile business. The author describes the current mobile Internet business model landscape in Japan with a perspective from mobile Web 1.0 to mobile Web 2.0. It also indicates differences from the PC Internet in terms of the portal growth model.

The wide deployment of wireless networks and mobile technologies and the significant increase in the number of mobile device users have created a very strong demand for emerging mobile commerce applications and services. Wireless advertising is one of the important and hot subjects in m-commerce and wireless application. This paper reports a wireless advertising system (SmartMobile-AD) in terms of its supporting business process, functions, system architecture, and built-in technical solutions. The system supports the wireless advertising workflow for wireless service companies and publishers (or portals) to manage and deliver multimedia mobile ads to mobile users over the wireless Internet. The paper provides the insights on mobile ad targeting, delivery, tracking, and performance measurement. Furthermore, the paper presents the application examples of the system.

The rapid pace of adoption of Web-enabled mobile handsets in worldwide markets has become an increasingly important issue for information systems professionals. A recent survey indicates that the number of global mobile Internet adopters is expected to reach nearly 600 million by 2008 (Ipsos-Insight, 2004; Probe Group, 2004), while the number of Internet-connected mobile phones will exceed the number of Internet-connected PCs by 2005 (The Economist, 2001). Such drastic convergence of the Internet and the mobile handset has been led by Asian and Scandinavian countries, where penetration has been especially meteoric. For example, roughly 70 million people in Japan, or 55% of the population, have signed up for mobile Internet access, in comparison to 12% in the United States (Faiola, 2004; Greenspan, 2003). Consequently, mobile phones or Keitai have been converted into devices for surfing the Internet, and by 2004 monthly mobile spending per consumer exceeded 35 euro. Much of this success can be traced back to 1999, when NTT DoCoMo introduced the “i-mode” service. i-mode is a mobile service offering continuous Internet access based on packet-switching technology (Barnes & Huff, 2003). Through an i-mode handset, users can access a main micro-browser, which offers such typical services as e-mail, data search, instant messaging, Internet, and “i-menu.” The “i-menu” acts as a mobile portal that leads to approximately 4,100 official and 50,000 unofficial sites (NTT DoCoMo 2003). Many such mobile portal sites can thus be considered as a pull-type advertising platform, where consumers can satisfy diverse information needs. Several researchers have attempted to conceptualize the success of i-mode in comparison to WAP (Baldi & Thaung 2002) and in the light of the technology acceptance model (TAM) (Barnes & Huff 2003). Okazaki (2004) examined factors influencing consumer adoption of the i-mode pull-type advertising platform. However, there is a dearth of empirical research in this area, and especially in developing a model that captures the specific dimensions of mobile Internet adoption. In this respect, this study aims to propose a measurement scale of consumer perceptions of mobile portal sites. The present study adopts, as its principal framework, the attitudinal model suggested by Dabholkar (1994). This includes “ease of use,” “fun,” and “performance” as important determinants of attitude. These are often referred to as “ease of use,” “usefulness,” and “enjoyment” in, for example, the TAM proposed by Davis (1986; Davis, Bagozzi, & Warshaw, 1989, 1992). The relevant literature suggests that dimensions similar to “ease of use” and “fun” are important antecedents of new technology adoption. For example, Shih (2004) and Szymanski and Hise (2000) found “perceived ease of use” and “convenient,” respectively, as important antecedents of online behavior. Likewise, Moon and Kim (2001) found “perceived playfulness” to be a factor influencing WWW usage behavior, similar to the “fun” dimension. However, unlike earlier studies of m-commerce adoption, this study drops the third dimension of the TAM, “usefulness,” in favor of “performance,” because the former is appropriate only for tangible products, but not relevant for technology-based services (Dabholkar & Bagozzi, 2002). In contrast, “performance” represents a dimension that encompasses the reliabilit y and accuracy of the technology-based service, as perceived by the consumer (Dabholkar, 1994). These three dimensions capture customer perceptions, which would initiate the attitude-intention- behavior causal chain (Davis, 1986).