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Pırasa (Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum L.) insan sağlığı açısından önemli bir bitki türüdür. Türkiye dünya pırasa üretiminde önemli ülkelerden biridir. Türkiye’de pırasa yetiştiriciliği genel olarak yerel çeşitlerle yapılmaktadır. Pırasanın iki yıllık yaşam döngüsüne sahip olması, %80 oranında yabancı tozlanması, kromozom yapısının tetraploit olması ve şiddetli kendileme depresyonu görülmesi pırasa ıslahını zorlaştırmaktadır. Bununla birlikte pırasanın genetik özellikleri yeteri kadar bilinmemektedir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerinden temin edilen 16 yerel pırasa genotipi moleküler ve morfolojik düzeyde karakterize edilmiştir. Belirlenen 12 parametrede ölçüm ve gözlemler yapılmıştır. Genotip içindeki bitkiler arasında ciddi bir morfolojik farklılık görülmemesine rağmen, genotipler arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Bursa-İnegöl-Alanyurt, Bursa-Karacabey-Tavşanlı ve Balıkesir-Bandırma-Yeniyenice bölgelerinden temin edilen genotiplerin pazarlanabilir nitelikte olduğu saptanmıştır. Moleküler karakterizasyon için 18 SSR markörü test edilmiş ve 13 markörün genotipler arasında güvenilir ve polimorfik sonuçlar verdiği belirlenmiştir. Toplam 69 allel elde edilmiş ve bu allellerin 45’i polimorfik, 24’ü monomorfik bulunmuştur. Primer başına allel sayısı 2 ile 10 arasında olup ortalama allel sayısı 5,30’dur. Genotipler arasında benzerlik katsayı değerleri 0,45 ile 0,85 arasında değişmiştir. PIC değerleri 0,34 ile 0,45 arasındadır ve polimorfik primerler pırasa genomu için orta derecede bilgilendirici bulunmuştur. Moleküler ve morfolojik özellikleri karakterize edilen 16 yerel pırasa genotipi gelecekteki ıslah çalışmalarında materyal olarak kullanılabilecek ve bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar araştırmacılara katkıda bulunabilecektir. Leek (Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum L.) is an important plant species for human health. Turkey is one of the important leek producing country in the world. Leek cultivation in Turkey is generally done with local varieties. Leek's two-year life cycle, 80% of foreign pollination, tetraploid chromosome structure and severe inbred depression make leek breeding difficult. Moreover, the genetic characteristics of leeks are not known very well. In this study, 16 local leek genotypes obtained from different regions of Turkey were characterized at molecular and morphological level. Measurements and observations were made on 12 determined parameters. Although no significant morphological differences were observed among the plants within the genotype, statistically significant differences were found between the genotypes. The genotypes obtained from Bursa-Inegol-Alanyurt, Bursa-Karacabey-Tavsanli and Balikesir-Bandirma-Yeniyenice locations were found to be marketable. 18 SSR markers were tested for molecular characterization of leek genotypes and 13 markers was found to be reliable and polymorphic among the genotypes. A total of 69 alleles were obtained, of which 45 were polymorphic and 24 were monomorphic. The number of alleles per primer was changed between 2 and 10, with an average of 5.30. The similarity coefficient values between the genotypes ranged from 0.45 to 0.85 PIC values ranged from 0.34 to 0.45 and the primers were found to be moderately informative for leek genome. The 16 local leek genotypes characterized with molecular and morphological features can be used as plant material for future breeding studies

Garlic is a vegetable widely used both in food and as a pharmaceutical raw material in the world due to its contents. Although morphological differences are observed in garlic, which is obligatory apomictically propagated, clonal propagation causes narrowing variation, a genetic bottleneck. This situation complicates breeding programs aiming improvements in preferred agronomic characteristics. For this reason, determining the morphological and molecular differences between garlic genotypes originating from Turkey is important for breeding studies. In this study, morphological and molecular characteristics of 39 garlic genotypes, which are widely cultivated in Turkey, were determined. Kahramanmaraş4 genotype was different from other genotypes in terms of some morphological features (fresh weight, dry weight, and bulb diameter). In the molecular characterization study, 10 Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) primers were used, and it was determined that the genotype TekDiş31 of Tunceli region was different from other garlic genotypes. Genetic similarity coefficient was found to be high (0.85–1.0) in genotypes except for TekDiş31 garlic genotype. In general, some garlic clones (Maraş3 and Kayseri30, Urfa33 and Topaklı35, Kastamonu22 and Kastamonu28, Urfa10 and Kastamonu14, Kastamonu29 and Bademci23) were completely similar to each other, while few differences were found among others. In conclusion, this study revealed that the garlic plant, despite its clonal propagation, consisted of some level of morphological and partially molecular variation. Due to its mode of reproduction (vegetative), this variation may largely be due to point or chromosomal mutation. Furthermore, the 10 identified ISSR primers can generate valuable information for genetic diversity for use by garlic breeders.

The Persea genus is composed of two subgenus; Persea and Eriodaphne, the Persea subgenus to which avocado belongs, is considered the largest of the genetic variability and the most complex in evolutionary terms of the Lauraceae Family. In the State of Mexico in the municipalities of Ixtapan del Oro and Zumpahuacán, avocados have been identified as “cascarudos” with morphological attributes different from those of known species of the Persea subgenus, however they have similarities in pubescence on the underside of the leaf to Persea floccosa and thickness of the fruit shell to Persea tolimanensis, additionally are distributed in a habitat where Persea americana var drymifolia grows, this last known as Mexican race distinguishable by its thin skinned. Thus, in order to have more knowledge about their description and distribution, the objective of this study was to differentiate morphologically and molecularly the “cascarudo” individuals from two regions of the State of Mexico and establish relationships with species and races from subgenus Persea. The morphological characterization was carried out through the use of 64 characters of which 19 were quantitative and 45 qualitative obtained from the guidelines of IPGRI (1995) and UPOV (2006). Molecular characterization was performed using the RAPD and ISSR markers, the CTAB method was used for DNA extraction and through columns with the commercial kit FAST (ID) ®. The DNA was amplified by PCR with 8 RAPD markers and 6 ISSR markers and the products obtained were visualized on agarose gels. Through the discriminant and cluster analysis, it was found that the pubescence density, shape and undulation of the leaf grouped the individuals of the study close to reference species while shell thickness, anise smell, sepal width and density of the leaf Leaf pubescence effects a separated them. The dendograms obtained with molecular markers generated clusters by means of Neighbor-joining construction method and distance of similarity using the Jaccard index with a resampling of 1000 repetitions for RAPD, for ISSR was used the UPGMA clustering method and the Jaccard index. It was generated a 99% of polymorphisms, 1417 bands of 250 to 900 bp with RAPD and 917 bands of 200 to 1000 bp for ISSR with a polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.45 and 0.49 and a resolution power of 8.8 and 5.81 respectively. Morphological and molecular characterization provided evidence that avocado “cascarudo” could represent Página | vii a natural hybrid between regional old genotypes with P. floccosa, P. americana var. drymifolia and P. americana var. guatemalensis.

Core collections contribute to make conservation expenses more efficient and facilitate a better utilization of accessions in breeding programs. Eighty-five accessions from the working collection of Pisum germplasm belonging to cultivated species and subspecies were evaluated during 2015 and 2016 in the College of Agricultural Sciences, Rosario National University. Phenotypic values of 12 morphological traits were measured and best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) of the adjusted means or genotypic values for these traits was calculated. Molecular characterization was performed assaying a total of 15 SSR primer combinations and 25 SRAP primer combinations on all accessions. With all the data collected, four Cluster Analysis were performed (phenotypic values, genotypic values, molecular markers and consensus) to divide the accessions into groups with similar characteristics. Four strategies to determine the number of accessions selected from each group (constant, logarithmic, proportional and maximization strategies) were applied to construct 16 core collections. Validation of the core collections were performed analyzing the parameters Mean difference percentage (MD), Variance difference percentage (VD), Coincidence rate of range (CR) Variable rate of coefficient of variation (VR), Shannon diversity index (SW) and the taxonomy coverage (TC). Considering all validation parameters together, the logarithmic strategy with genotypic values data was the best strategy, while the worst strategy was the proportional strategy with molecular marker data. Fil: Espósito, María Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Mejoramiento Vegetal y Producción de Semillas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; Argentina Fil: Gatti, Ileana. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Mejoramiento Vegetal y Producción de Semillas; Argentina Fil: Cointry Peix, Enrique Luis. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Mejoramiento Vegetal y Producción de Semillas; Argentina

Paragonimiasis is a subacute to chronic inflammatory granulomatous lung disease caused by the genus Paragonimus In Latin America Paragonimus mexicanus Miyazaki & Ishii, 1968 is the only confirmed species to cause human infections Paragonimus caliensis Little, 1968 is an uncommon species often regarded as a synonym of P. mexicanus Recently, the study of two types of Paragonimus metacercariae from Costa Rica has provided new molecular and morphological evidence that P. caliensis is a separate species from P. mexicanus In the present study, molecular, morphological and phylogenetic tools have been used to characterize two populations of Paragonimus located at west of Medellin, Antioquia and at Pichinde, Valle del Cauca (type locality of P. caliensis), Colombia Adults and metacercariae obtained from Medellin, and metacercariae from Pichinde were analyzed For morphological observations we used light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Morphology of metacercariae and adults matched with the holotype of P. caliensis. The number and arrangement of sensory papillae in the acetabulum region differs from the morphotypes reported for P. caliensis in Costa Rica Two morphotypes in branching patterns of ovary and two morphotypes in branching patterns of testes were identified The main morphological differences between P. caliensis and P. mexicanus corresponded to the size of gonads and their relative positions in the body, and the occasional presence of a cyst wall in P. caliensis metacercariae The molecular and phylogenetic analyses (using nuclear ribosomal ITS2 and partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 COl sequences) confirmed that P. caliensis from the type locality is the same species from Medellin and Costa Rica Furthermore, these analyses also suggest genetic as well as geographical separation of P. caliensis populations between Colombia and Costa Rica Currently, P. mexicanus and P. caliensis are sympatric in the Colombian Pacific bioregion, and specific diagnosis based on their egg size is not possible Therefore, it is necessary to determine the biogeographic distribution ranges of both species and to implement molecular techniques to establish the role of P. caliensis in human paragonimiasis in Colombia.

Bu çalışma, Konya yöresinden derlenen 35 adet yıldız çiçeği genotipinin morfolojik ve moleküler belirteçler yardımıyla tanımlanması amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada ayrıca, yıldız çiçeğine ait 'Avignon' ve 'Jocondo' çeşitlerinde iki farklı bitki büyüme düzenleyici maddenin etkileri de araştırılmıştır. Morfolojik tanımlama kapsamında yapılan ölçüm ve gözlemler sonucunda, genotipler arasında geniş bir varyasyon görülmüş ve Konya yöresinde yetiştirilen yıldız çiçeği genetik çeşitliliğinin yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Moleküler tanımlama çalışmalarında, ISSR markörlerinden faydalanılmıştır. Uygunluğu saptanan13 ISSR primeri kullanılarak 96 adet polimorfik DNA fragmenti elde edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde, hem Kümeleme (UPGMA) hem de Temel Koordinat Analizi kullanılmıştır. Temel benzerlik katsayısı kullanılarak oluşturulan dendogramda genetik ayrışma 0.64 ile 0.93 arasında bulunmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar, yıldız çiçeği genotiplerinin genetik farklılığının ISSR markörleri yardımıyla ayrışabileceğini göstermiştir. Bitki büyüme düzenleyici maddelerin etkilerinin araştırıldığı çalışmada, farklı etken maddelere sahip paclobutrazol (Bonzi) ve daminozide (Alar 64)'in farklı uygulama şekli (yumru kökleri daldırma, toprak ıslatma ve yaprağa püskürtme) ve dozları kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonunda, yaprağa püskürtme şeklinde yapılan uygulamaların diğer uygulamalara göre daha etkili olduğu ve artan doz ile etkinin de arttığı görülmüştür. 'Avignon' çeşidinde bitki boyunu kısaltan en etkili uygulamalar ikinci dönem 4500 ppm ve 6000 ppm'lik daminozide'in yaprağa püskürtme uygulamaları olup, bu uygulamalar bitki boyunu kontrole göre %23 oranında azaltmıştır. 'Jocondo' çeşidinde ise daminozide'in birinci dönem 6000 ppm'lik yaprağa püskürtme uygulaması bitki boyunda en fazla azalmaya neden olmuş ve kontrole göre %21.26 oranında düşüş gözlenmiştir., This study was carried out in order to identify 35 genotypes of Dahlia collected from Konya region with the help of morphological and molecular markers. In addition, the effects of two plant growth retardants on the 'Avignon' and 'Jocondo' varieties of Dahlia were investigated. As a result of the measurements and observations made within the morphological description, a wide variation was observed among the genotypes and it was determined that the genetic diversity of the Dahlia cultivated in the Konya region is high. In molecular identification studies, ISSR markers were used. 96 polymorphic DNA fragments were obtained using 13 ISSR primers which were found to be suitable. In the analysis of the data, both Clustering (UPGMA) and Basic Coordinate Analysis were used. The genetic discrimination in the dendogram constructed using the coefficient of similarity was found between 0.64 and 0.93. The results have shown that the genetic diversity of Dahlia genotypes can be differentiated by the help of ISSR markers. In the study investigating the effects of plant growth retardants, different application forms (tuber root dipping, soil drenching and spraying) and doses of paclobutrazol (Bonzi) and daminozide (Alar 64) with different active ingredients were used. At the end of the study, it was observed that the applications of spraying on the leaf were more effective than the other applications and the effect was increased with increasing dose. The most effective treatments to shorten the plant height in the 'Avignon' variety were spraying applications of 4500 ppm and 6000 ppm daminozide in the second period, which reduced the plant height by 23% compared to control. In the 'Jocondo' variety, the spraying application of daminozide in the first term of 6000 ppm resulted in the greatest reduction in the plant height and a decrease of 21.26% compared to the control was observed., Bu tez çalışması BAP tarafından 15201037 nolu proje ile desteklenmiştir.

[ES] El pepino dulce (Solanum muricatum Aiton) es un cultivo herbáceo de origen andino que se propaga vegetativamente, y que es cultivado por sus frutos comestibles, jugosos y aromáticos. Pertenece a la familia de las solanáceas, estando ampliamente relacionado con otras especies como el tomate y la patata. Su origen es incierto, siendo las especies silvestres de la serie Caripensia las que mayormente han contribuido en la evolución del pepino dulce, y su cultivo ha ido experimentando un creciente interés agronómico y económico. Este trabajo trata del análisis de la variabilidad intraespecífica, detectada entre distintos cultivares de Solanum muricatum, y de la variabilidad interespecífica, entre Solanum muricatum y especies silvestres relacionadas. Para ello, se llevó a cabo la caracterización morfológica y molecular de una colección de 27 accesiones (con 5 réplicas clonales de cada una), 18 pertenecientes a la especie Solanum muricatum, 1 a Solanum tabanoense, 1 Solanum basendopogon, 1 a Solanum trachycarpum, 1 Solanum catilliflorum y 1 a Solanum perlongystilum. En la caracterización morfológica se emplearon 58 descriptores morfológicos, referentes a caracteres cualitativos y cuantitativos de planta, flor y fruto. Esta evaluación permitió detectar la gran variabilidad existente, tanto a nivel intra como interespecífico. A grandes rasgos, se observó que Solanum muricatum presentaba plantas de menor tamaño que sus especies silvestres relacionadas, y unos frutos más grandes, más dulces y partenocárpicos, los cuales variaban en forma según el cultivar, siendo los frutos de las especies silvestres mayormente esféricos, muy ácidos y con mayor contenido en sólidos solubles. El análisis de componentes principales (PCA) derivado de esta caracterización morfológica explicó un 51.64% de la variación morfológica entre las 3 primeras componentes, y puso de manifiesto que la mayor parte de la variabilidad la explicaban los caracteres relacionados con el vigor y la producción de la planta y el color del fruto. Por otro lado, el diagrama de dispersión 2D generado a partir del PCA separó las entradas pertenecientes a Solanum muricatum de las especies silvestres, y a su vez separó las pertenecientes a Solanum caripense del resto de silvestres. En lo que se refiere a la caracterización molecular, se analizaron 20 loci microsatélites procedentes de tomate, 14 de los cuales amplificaron correctamente y presentaban polimorfismos, resultando para cada locus un promedio de alelos de 4.07. En las entradas pertenecientes a Solanum muricatum se encontró un alto grado de monomorfismo y homocigosis, resultantes del proceso de domesticación de la especie, aunque algunos de los loci polimórficos mostraron la variabilidad intraespecífica existente. La variabilidad interespecífica quedó patente por el alto grado de polimorfismo detectado entre los loci de Solanum muricatum y las distintas especies silvestres, siendo la heterocigosis frecuente en estas últimas. El análisis de coordenadas principales (PCoA) derivado de esta caracterización molecular explicó un 63.24% de la variabilidad molecular total entre las 3 primeras coordenadas, la primera de las cuales separó las entradas pertenecientes a Solanum muricatum de las silvestres, y dentro de estas, a Solanum caripense del resto. Las caracterizaciones morfológica y molecular llevadas a cabo en este trabajo han permitido evidenciar la variabilidad intra e interespecífica existente, y esto puede constituir una potente herramienta informativa en futuros proyectos de mejora del pepino dulce., [EN] The pepino (Solanum muricatum Aiton) is an herbaceous Andean domesticate vegetatively propagated, and that is cultivated for its edible, aromatic and juicy fruits. It belongs to the family of Solanaceae, being very related to other species such as tomato and potato. Its origin is uncertain, being the wild species of the series Caripensia which mostly have contributed in the evolution of the pepino, and its cultivation has been experiencing a growing agronomic and economic interest. This work deals with the intraspecific variability analysis, detected between different cultivars of Solanum muricatum, and interspecific variability, between Solanum muricatum and related wild species. To do this, was carried out the morphological and molecular characterization of a collection of 27 accessions (with 5 clonal replicates of each one), 18 belonging to the species Solanum muricatum, 1 to Solanum tabanoense, 1 to Solanum basendopogon, 1 to Solanum trachycarpum, 1 to Solanum catilliflorum and 1 to Solanum perlongystilum. In the morphological characterization were used 58 morphological descriptors, relating to qualitative and quantitative characters of plant, flower and fruit. This assessment allowed to detect the big variability, both intra- and interspecific level. In broad strokes, it was observed that Solanum muricatum presented smaller plants than their related wild species, and bigger, sweeter and parthenocarpic fruits, which varied in shape depending on the cultivar, being the fruits of the wild species mostly spherical, very acidic and with more soluble solids content. The principal components analysis (PCA) derived from this morphological characterization explained a 51.64 per cent of the morphological variation between the first 3 components, and showed that the greater part of the variability was explained by the characters related to the vigour and the production of the plant and the fruit colour. On the other hand, the scatter 2D diagram generated from the PCA separated the entries belonging to Solanum muricatum of wild species, and in turn separated the Solanum caripense belonging to the rest of wild species. In regards to the molecular characterization, we analyzed 20 microsatellite loci from tomato, 14 of which were amplified and presented correctly polymorphisms, proving for each locus an average of alleles of 4.07. In the entries belonging to Solanum muricatum found a high degree of monomorphism and homocygosis, resulting from the process of domestication of the species, although some of the polymorphic loci showed the existing intraspecific variability. The interspecific variability was evident in the high degree of polymorphism detected between the loci of Solanum muricatum and the different wild species, being heterozygosis frequent in the latter. The analysis of principal coordinates (PCOA) derived from this molecular characterisation explained a 63.24 % of the total molecular variability between the first 3 coordinates, the first of which separated the entries belonging to Solanum muricatum and wild, and within these, Solanum caripense from the rest. The morphological and molecular characterizations carried out in this work have allowed to show the existing intra- and interspecific variability, and this can be a powerful informational tool in future projects to improve the characteristics of pepino.

TEZ9869 Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2015. Kaynakça (s. 65-75) var. xi, 80 s. : res. (bzs. rnk.), tablo ; 29 cm. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerinden toplanmış 96 adet yerel bezelye genotipi hem agro-morfolojik olarak hem de moleküler olarak karakterize edilmiştir. Agro-morfolojik olarak bezelye genotipleri incelendiğinde; bezelye genotiplerinin bitki boyu, bitkide dal sayısı, bitkide bakla sayısı, bakla uzunluğu, baklada tane sayısı, biyolojik verim, bitkide tohum sayısı, ilk bakla yüksekliği, çiçeklenme süresi, 100 tohum ağırlığı ve bakla kıvrım derecesi bakımından geniş bir varyasyon gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Bezelye genotipleri 19 SSR primer çifti ile moleküler olarak karakterize edilmiş ve çalışmada kullanılan 19 SSR primer çiftinden 17'sinin polimorfik olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonunda polimorfizm bilgi içeriğinin (PBİ) 0.45 ile 0.91 arasında değiştiği ve ortalama 0.62 olduğu, allel sayısının 6 ile 29 arasında değiştiği ve ortalama 12.42 olduğu saptanmıştır. SSR verileri kullanılarak UPGMA metoduna göre yapılan dendrogramda bezelye genotiplerinin A ve B olmak üzere iki ana gruba ayrıldığı, bezelye genotiplerinin toplanma yerine göre herhangi bir grup oluşturmadığı saptanmıştır. Bu çalışma sonucunda, ülkemizdeki yerel bezelye genotiplerinin genetik varyasyonunun oldukça yüksek olduğu ve bezelye ıslahında farklıamaçlar için kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. In this study, 96 genotypes of Pisum sativum L. selected from the various geographic regions of Turkey were characterized both agro-morphologically and molecularly. According to agro-morphological examination of the pea genotypes, it wasfound that pea genotypes have a great variation in the plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length, seeds per pod, biological yield, number of seeds per plant, first pod height, flowering time, 100 seeds weight and bean fold degree. Pea genotypes were molecularly characterized by using 19 SSR primer pairs and 17 of 19 SSR primer pairs were found to be polymorphic. At the end of the study, polymorphism information content (PIC) of primers ranged from 0.45 to 0.91 with an average of 0.62. and the allele numbers of markers ranged from 6 to 29 with an average of 12.421. In the dendrogram which is prepared according to UPGMA method by using SSR markers, it was obtained the genotypes clustered in two main groups, group A and group B. The grouping was not coordinated according to geographical provenance. At the end of the this study, the Turkish pea genotypes found to have a high genetic variation and could be used for specific objectives in plant breeding programs. Bu çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi tarafından desteklenmiştir. Proje No: FYL2014-2348 ve SMYO-007.

TEZ9130 Tez (Doktora) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2013. Kaynakça (s. 133-150) var. xvii, 194 s. : res. (bzs. rnk.), tablo ; 29 cm. Bu çalışmada Adana ve çevresinde doğal olarak yetişen siklamen türlerine (Cyclamen pseudibericum, Cyclamen cilicium, Cyclamen persicum ve Cyclamen coum) ait genotiplerde akrabalık ilişkilerinin incelenmesi amacı ile morfolojik ve moleküler karakterizasyon yapılmıştır. Siklamenler, doğal olarak yetiştikleri alanlardan populasyona zarar vermeyecek şekilde tüm bitki (kök, yumru, yaprak, çiçek) halinde toplanarak Çukurova Üniversitesi/Adana koşullarında muhafaza altına alınmıştır. Morfolojik karakterizasyon için özellik belgesi oluşturulmuş ve bir yıl sonra canlı kalan bitkilerin (370 genotip) çiçek, yaprak ve yumrularında 27 kriter ele alınarak gözlemler ve ölçümler yapılmış ve genotipler arasında morfolojik çeşitlilik ortaya çıkartılmıştır. Morfolojik karakterizasyon sonucunda, kolleksiyonda yer alan genotipler morfolojik olarak farklı gruplarda yer almış, elde edilen sonuçlar kantitatif ve kalitatif verilerle yapılan analizler sonucu elde edilen değerlerle uyum içerisinde bulunmuştur. Moleküler karakterizasyon çalışmaları, RAPD (rastgele çoğaltılmış polimorfik DNA) ve SRAP (sekans bağlantılı çoğaltılan polimorfizm) markır teknikleri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan 51 adet RAPD primerlerinden 30’undan elde edilen 470 bandın 464’ü polimorfik, 6’sının ise monomorfik olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Polimorfizm oranı ise %98.7 gibi oldukça yüksek bir değer olarak belirlenmiştir. On dört SRAP primer kombinasyonundan elde edilen 216 bandın 214’ü polimorfik, 2’sinin monomorfik olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu çerçevede polimorfizm oranı %99.1 olarak bulunmuştur. Moleküler karakterizasyon sonucu elde edilen verilerle yapılan kümeleme analizlerine göre farklı lokasyonlardan toplanan aynı türe ait genotiplerin birlikte kümelendikleri tespit edilmiştir. In this study, the genetic diversity of naturally grown Cyclamen species (C. pseudibericum, C. cilicium, C. persicum and C. coum) in Adana and surroundings are characterized morphologically and molecularly in order to investigate the relationship among cyclamen accessions. Cyclamen plants were collected with their tubers from the natural habitat in spring and autumn season and cultured in Adana condition. Properties of Cyclamen species were determined morphologically with a description list established, containing important leaf, flower and tuber features of ornamental plants. Cyclamen species accessions (370) were characterized with 27 morphological traits one year later in regenerated plants. The genotypes were assessed using the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) techniques. Thirty of the 51 screened primers showed reproducible polymeric profiles. Out of 470 amplified bands, 464 were polymorphic (98.7%) in RAPD technique. Fourteen SRAP primer combinations produced 216 bands and 214 of them were polymorphic. Polymorphism rate for the SRAP primer combinations was determined at the level of 99.1%. Same species accessions grouped together in the same cluster according to cluster analysis of data set obtained from morphological and molecular characterization result. Bu çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi tarafından desteklenmiştir. Proje No: ZF2010D13.

La ñuña es una especie originaria de los Andes centrales, sus granos presentan alto contenido de proteínas y es consumida tostada. Se estudiaron 24 entradas, con el objetivo de determinar el nivel de duplicación del germoplasma de ñuña de la UNALM e identificar las entradas con mayor rendimiento de grano seco y calidad del grano tostado. La evaluación morfológica se realizó usando 30 descriptores agromorfológicos del frijol común y la caracterización molecular se hizo con la técnica RAPD, empleando seis iniciadores decaméricos. Según el análisis morfológico y molecular no se encontró duplicación de germoplasma en el material evaluado, y los dendogramas no forman grupos según el origen geográfico. Las entradas con mayor rendimiento de grano seco son UNALM-18, UNALM-16 y UNALM-15 con 1458.4, 1451.6 y 1337.4 kg/ha, respectivamente; mientras que las entradas con buena calidad de granos y mayor volumen de granos reventados son UNALM-15, UNALM-19 y UNALM-18 con 10.11, 9.46 y 7.04 ml de expansión. Estas entradas tienen alta potencialidad para su explotación comercial, las que deberán priorizarse en los programas de mejoramiento genético con la finalidad de generar nuevas variedades que respondan a las exigencias de mercado. Esto puede generar mayores ingresos y mejorar las condiciones de vida de los agricultores andinos. The popping bean (ñuña) is a species originated in the Andean central region, their seeds have high protein contain and are consumed toasted. A study was conducted on 24 accessions in order to determine the duplication level of ñuña germplasm maintained at the UNALM, and to identify accessions with high dry seed yield and toasted seed quality. The morphological evaluation was made according to 30 descriptors of common bean; and the molecular characterization was made using RAPD technique, with 6 decameric primers. Morphological and molecular analyses did not reveal germplasm duplication in the evaluated material, and dendograms did not show clustering of accessions according to geographic origin. Accessions with high seed yield were UNALM-18, UNALM-16 and UNALM-15 with 1458.4, 1451.6 and 1337.4 kg/ha respectively, whereas the accessions with good seed quality and the highest volume of burst grains are UNALM-15, UNALM-19 and UNALM-18 with expansion of 10.11, 9.46 and 7,04 ml. These accessions have high potentiality for their commercial exploitation and should be prioritized in plant breeding programs in order to create new varieties that respond to the market exigencies. This could generate greater incomes and improve the life quality of Andean farmers.

Abstract The distribution and diversity of Pratylenchus species associated with Ammophila arenaria was investigated in its natural range of distribution. Twelve localities with vigorous stands of A. arenaria along the European Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts were sampled. The populations were identified based on morphology and morphometrics, and further characterised based on sequences of the rDNA D2D3 region. Pratylenchus spp. were present in all of the sampled sites. A total of 19 populations were detected belonging to Pratylenchus dunensis, P. brzeskii, P. pratensis or P. penetrans. Pratylenchus dunensis was widely distributed from Blakeney Point (UK) to Comporta (Portugal). Pratylenchus brzeskii was found in South European localities along the Atlantic coast and also in the Mediterranean region. Pratylenchus pratensis was found associated with A. arenaria for the first time and occurred at different locations along the Atlantic coast. Pratylenchus penetrans was only detected in Biarritz (France). The P. dunensis populations from the south west Iberian Peninsula differed from the original P. dunensis description and showed two incisures on the lip region instead of one. Pratylenchus brzeskii populations did not vary morphologically from the original descriptions; however, the range of their morphometrical characters was wider than that of the type population. The D2D3 rDNA region revealed large interspecific and low intraspecific variation, supporting the morphological identification. The phylogenetic relationships of the populations with respect to other species of the genus were inferred from partial sequences of the rDNA and positioned P. dunensis within the same group as P. convallariae, P. penetrans and P. fallax.

Submitted by (ana.araujo@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-22T14:38:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Walma Nogueira Ramos Guimaraes.pdf: 1356016 bytes, checksum: 2e17b7c52a1d154c9fad108c417c905f (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-22T14:38:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Walma Nogueira Ramos Guimaraes.pdf: 1356016 bytes, checksum: 2e17b7c52a1d154c9fad108c417c905f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-02-22 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES Twenty-two lima-beans accessions, which compound the Germoplasm Collection of the Agronomy Department of Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), coming from the States of Ceará, Paraíba and Pernambuco, Brazil, were characterized by their morphological and molecular characteristics (RAPD – Random Amplified Polimorphiysm of DNA). In morphological analysis twenty-four characteristics and in the molecular one were used, seventy-six locis RAPD (polymorphic and morphologic). At the first phase was carried out molecular analyses of twenty-two accessions to assess the genetic variability among them, and then, fourteen of these were morphologically and moleculary characterized. The analysis of sample showed the formation of two main groups and four subgroups. We noticed high genetic variability among the twenty-two accessions. The genetically closer genotypes were FA-01 and FA-02, coming from Ceará, with 85.4% similarity, and the less similar were FA-07 and FA-20, coming from Ceará and Pernambuco, respectively, with 35.9% similarity. Related to the morphological characterization of the fourteen accessions, noticed the genotype FA-13 stood out from the others by presenting higher values of seed weight, number of seeds per pod, length and width of pod, while the FA-16 presented lower values of weight ofone hundred seeds, seeds very small, lower number of pod per plant, lower length of pod and lower production. Os acessos de feijão-fava que compõe a Coleção de Germoplasma do Departamento de Agronomia da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE) oriundos dos Estados do Ceará, Paraíba e Pernambuco, foram caracterizados quanto às características morfológicas e moleculares (RAPDRandom Amplified Polimorphiysm of DNA). Na análise foram utilizados vinte e oito características morfológicas e setenta e seis locos RAPD (polimórficos e monomórficos). Na primeira etapa foi realizada a análise molecular de vinte e dois acessos para avaliar a variabilidade genética entre eles. Quatorze destes acessos foram caracterizados morfológica e molecularmente. A análise de agrupamento mostrou a formação de dois grupos principais e quatro subgrupos, constatou-se elevada variabilidade genética entre os vinte e dois acessos. Os genótipos mais próximos geneticamente foram FA-01 e FA-02, provenientes do Ceará, com grau de similaridade de 85,4% e os mais distantes foram FA-07 e FA-20, provenientes do Ceará e Pernambuco, respectivamente, com grau de similaridade de 35,9%.Quanto à caracterização morfológica dos quatorze acessos, observou-se que o genótipo FA-13 se destacou dos demais por apresentar maiores valores no peso das sementes, no número de sementes por vagem, no comprimento e largura da vagem, enquanto o genótipo FA-16 apresentou menores valores de peso de cem sementes, sementes muito pequenas, menor número de vagem por planta, menor comprimento de vagem e menor produção de semente por planta.

Summary • Pure cultures of Tuber maculatum , Tuber melanosporum , Tuber aestivum , Tuber macrosporum , Tuber rufum and Tuber brumale were isolated and characterized by morphological and molecular methods. • The Tuber mycelia were isolated from fruit bodies and molecular identification was performed using specific primers, restriction fragment length polymorphism and/or sequence analyses of the ITS region. • The species grew between 1.1 mm wk −1 and 14 mm wk −1 on the selected medium. The mycelium of different Tuber species showed several common morphological features such as hyphal anastomoses, vesicle formation and hyphal aggregation. Differences were found in the frequency of these morphological features and in the hyphal pattern. The isolated mycelia also showed differences in the hyphal branch angle, septal distance, hyphal diameter and rate of growth of the hyphae. • This result opens the possibility of using pure mycelial cultures of Tuber spp. for experimental purposes and for the commercial production of infected truffle plants.