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In silico molecular docking is an efficient technique for drug design that predicts the optimized orientation of the ligand against a specific drug target. This is a cost-effective and time-saving technique that requires limited manpower. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly prescribed drugs in various prescriptions. The drawbacks with NSAIDs in its long-term usage are gastric irritation, bleeding, and perforation. Prodrug approach is a commonly used method to overcome these side effects. In this study, the reported prodrugs of mefenamic acid were utilized to validate the molecular docking simulation process by comparing obtained in silico results with the reported in vivo results. The molecules were evaluated for their binding affinity against human cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme as well as their pharmacokinetics profile is predicted on the basis of Lipinski's and Veber rule. The in silico result showed high degree similarity with experimental results. This confirms the efficiency and reliability of the molecular docking technique for identification of potential lead compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this manuscript we have designed and synthesized 1,4-Naphthoquinone analogs substituted with 1,3,4 Oxadiazolenucleus. The synthesized compound (M1-M14) were characterized using the different analytical technique¹H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, Mass spectroscopy, melting point, elemental analysis and further subjected for the evaluation of their anticancer activity using MCF-7, Hela and HepG2 cancer cell lines. The compound M-5 was found to exhibit most potent cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines i.e. HeLa (IC50 =10.76 ± 0.11 µM), MCF-7 (IC50 = 9.30 ± 0.14 µM) and HepG2 (IC50 = 11.93 ± 0.38µM). Compound M-5 has also shown potent tyrosine kinase inhibitory activity with IC50 = 1.53 ± 0.05 µM. Moreover, molecular docking has exposed that compound M-5 has strong binding affinity to the active site of tyrosine kinase. These results give promising beginning stages to assist in the improvement of novel and powerful anticancer agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Biphenyl-3-oxo-1,2,4-triazine linked piperazines were designed and synthesized. • Compound 6g significantly inhibited the AChE and showed good CNS permeability. • In vivo studies showed significant improvement in learning and memory. • Biochemical analysis showed potential antioxidant property by compound 6g. Abstract A series of novel piperazine tethered biphenyl-3-oxo-1,2,4-triazine derivatives were designed, and synthesized. Amongst the synthesized analogs, compound 6g showed significant non-competitive inhibitory potential against acetylcholinesterase (AChE, IC 50 ; 0.2 ± 0.01 μM) compared to standard donepezil (AChE, IC 50 : 0.1 ± 0.002 μM). Compound 6g also exhibited significant displacement of propidium iodide from the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE (22.22 ± 1.11%) and showed good CNS permeability in PAMPA-BBB assay (P e (exp) , 6.93 ± 0.46). The in vivo behavioral studies of compound 6g indicated significant improvement in cognitive dysfunctions against scopolamine-induced amnesia mouse models. Further, ex vivo studies showed a significant AChE inhibition and reversal of the scopolamine-induced oxidative stress by compound 6g. Moreover, molecular docking and dynamics simulations of compound 6g showed a consensual binding affinity and active site interactions with the PAS and active catalytic site (CAS) residues of AChE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]