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Three new monoterpene phenol dimers, bisbakuchiols V-X (1-3), and two bakuchiol ethers (4 and 5), along with four known compounds (6-9) were isolated from the fruits of Psoralea corylifolia. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectral analysis. The absolute configurations of 1, 2, 4, and 5 were specified by quantum chemical calculations of ECD spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new saponins, notoginsenosides Ng1 (1) and Ng2 (2), together with seven known compounds (3-9), were isolated from the leaves of Panax notoginseng. Their structures were elucidated by UV, IR, HRESIMS, and NMR experiments. Compounds 6 and 7 showed moderate cytotoxic activities against HCT-116, with IC50 values of 4.98 and 0.64 μmol/L, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new carbazole alkaloids, claulansine S (1) and claulansine T (2), and one new amide alkaloid, clauamide A (3), together with four known analogues (4–7) were isolated from the stems ofClausena lansium. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including UV, IR, and NMR experiments (HSQC, HMBC, and NOE experiments). Compounds4and6showed moderate hepatoprotective activities. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Polygalasaponin F (PS-F), an oleanane-type triterpenoid saponin extracted fromPolygala japonica, decreases the release of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), but the precise molecular mechanisms by which this event occurs are not fully understood. To study the anti-neuroinflammatory mechanisms of PS-F, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the secretion of TNFα from BV-2 microglial cells. Nuclear proteins extracted from BV-2 microglial cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and pretreated with/without inhibitors were measured by Western blotting, and cell viability was evaluated by MTT analysis. The results indicated that inhibition of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 (CLI-095 1 μg/ml), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) (Ly294002 10 μM) or IκBα phosphorylation (Bay11-7082 10 μM) completely prevents the release of TNFα induced by LPS without affecting cell viability and attenuated the nuclear translocation of p65 stimulated by LPS. In addition, PS-F exhibited a similar trend regarding TNFα release, AKT phosphorylation and NF-κB translocation. These results suggest that PS-F reduces neuroinflammatory cytokine secretion through the regulation of the TLR4-PI3K/AKT-NF-κB signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new norsesquiterpenes wilfordonols A–D (1–4), along with three known compounds, sarmentol B (5), boscialin (6), and (+)-loliolide (7), were isolated from the leaves ofTripterygium wilfordiiHook.f.. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic analysis, and the absolute configuration of the compounds was confirmed by CD and modified Mosher's method. At a concentration of 10 μM, compounds4,6, and7inhibited signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 translocation by 34.27 ± 1.02%, 48.93 ± 1.76%, and 70.31 ± 2.20%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new monoterpenes, hydrangines A–C (1–3), together with four known compounds, were isolated from the ethanol extract of the leaves ofHydrangea paniculata.The structures of new isolates were elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR analyses, and their absolute configurations were determined by comparison of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. Inin vitrobioassays at 10 μM, compounds1–6showed hepatoprotective activities againstdl-galactosamine-induced toxicity in HL-7702 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Two new amide alkaloids, clauemaramide A (1) and clauemaramide B (2), and three known analogs were isolated from the stems of Clausena emarginata. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were confirmed by CD spectroscopy. Compound 3 showed moderate inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO production (IC50 value = 4.9 μM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the anti-neuroinflammatory mechanisms of polygalasaponin F (PS-F), ELISA method was used to detect the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression and phosphorylation levels. Immunofluorescence assay was used to observe the NF-κB nuclear translocation. PS-F could inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and NO induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and reduce the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS). As for MAPK-signaling pathway, PS-F could only inhibit the phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK, but did not significantly affect the phosphorylation levels of JNK and ERK1/2 protein kinases. PS-F could inhibit NF-κB nuclear translocation in a dose-dependent manner. The results of Western blot assay were consistent with immunofluorescence assays. Meanwhile, p38-specific inhibitor SB203580 (20 μM) and p65-specific inhibitor PDTC (100 μM) were, respectively, administered as a positive control. In addition, PS-F could significantly inhibit the cytotoxicity of conditioned medium prepared by LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglia (LPS conditioned media) to neuronal PC12 cells and improve cell viability. PS-F inhibits the secretions of neuroinflammatory cytokines by the regulation of NF-κB-signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

To investigate the protective effect and the underlying mechanism of polygalasaponin F (PS-F) against rotenone-induced PC12 cells, the cell viability was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. The cell apoptosis rate was analyzed using flow cytometry. The reactive oxygen species was examined using 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate, and the adenosine triphosphate depletion was examined using a luciferase-coupled quantification assay. JC-1 staining was used to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential. Western blotting analysis was used to determine cytochrome c, p53, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3. Treatment of PC12 cells with rotenone (1–10 μmol/l) significantly reduced the cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with PS-F (0.1, 1, and 10 μmol/l) increased the viability of rotenone-induced PC12 cells, decreased rotenone-induced apoptosis, restored rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, and suppressed rotenone-induced protein expression. PS-F showed a dose-dependent manner in all the treatments. PS-F protects PC12 cells against rotenone-induced apoptosis via ameliorating the mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, PS-F may be a potential bioactive compound for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A new protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside, 6-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-20-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol-3-one (1), along with three known compounds, was isolated from the roots of Panax notoginseng. Their structures were determined based on some pieces of spectroscopic and chemical evidence. Compound 1 exhibited cytotoxic activity against five human cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 5.4 to 8.6 μg/ml. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids hypoglaunines E (1) and F (2) and a new triterpenoid saponin hypoglaside A (3), together with a known diterpenoid glucoside 11-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl neotriptophenolide (4) and two known triterpenoids 23-nor-oxopristimerol (5) and 2,3-dihydroxy-6-oxo-D:A-froedo-24 nor-1,3,5(10),7-oleanatetraen-29-oic acid (6), have been isolated from the root barks of Tripterygium hypoglaucum. Their structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy and MS analysis. Compounds 1–3 were screened for their cytotoxic activities against five cancer cell lines, but all of them were inactive. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Two new neolignans, (+)-(7R,8R)-4-hydroxy-3,3′,5′-trimethoxy-8′,9′-dinor-8,4′- oxyneoligna-7,9-diol-7′-aldehyde (1) and ( − )-(7S,8R)-4-hydroxy-3,3′,5′-trimethoxy-8′, 9′-dinor-8,4′-oxyneoligna-7,9-diol-7′-aldehyde (2), were isolated from the stems of Euonymus oblongifolius. Their chemical structures were determined according to HR-ESI-MS, CD, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The synthesis of gaultherin (1) and its analogs was carried out to provide 11 glycosides under phase-transfer catalytic conditions. The activities of all synthesized compounds were evaluated by nitric oxide production inhibitory assay in vitro. Methyl 2-O-(4-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranosylbenzoate (5f) showed significantly anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects by the evaluation in vivo. Structure-activity relationships within these compounds were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new megastigmane glucoside (6S,7E,9S)-6,9,10-trihydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one 9-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1) and a new amide alkaloid (E)-N-(4-methoxyphenethyl)-2-methylbut-2-enamide (2), together with three known amide alkaloids (3-5), were isolated from the leaves of Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels. Their structures were elucidated by their physicochemical properties and analysis of their spectral data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six new and one known dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpenoids esterified with organic acids were obtained from the leaves of Tripterygium wilfordii. Spectroscopic techniques (UV, IR, MS, NMR, ORD and CD) were used for the structure elucidation of the compounds. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were confirmed by X-ray single crystallographic analyses. The inhibitory effects on NO production in LPS-induced macrophages of 1 – 7 were conducted. At 10 μ mol/L, compounds 1 , 2 and 7 showed moderate inhibitory effects on NO production in LPS-induced macrophages with inhibitory rate at 31.2 ± 3.6, 40.9 ± 4.3, and 66.79 ± 3.1%, respectively. Unlabelled Image [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]