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• This study has provided disaccharide data of Cyclina sinensis for the first time. • There are mainly 6 disaccharides in Cyclina sinensis. • A potential strategy to identify mixed polysaccharides without purification. It is still a challenge to identify mixed polysaccharides isolated from biological tissues. The present study aimed to develop a protocol that allowed for quick characterization of mixed polysaccharides by selecting Cyclina sinensis polysaccharides as test beds. Disaccharides were gradually released by graded acid hydrolysis, separated with 3 kDa molecular weight cut-off membrane, and analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MSn. Furthermore, the monosaccharide composition of the filtrate during the gradient acid hydrolysis process and the final retentate were also determined to provide composition information of these disaccharides. Thus, 6 disaccharides were detected and identified, indicating the existence of polysaccharides constructed of corresponding repeated disaccharide fragments in C. sinensis. The present study demonstrated a potential strategy to characterize mixed polysaccharides without separation and purification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, two polysaccharides, SVP2–1 and SVP2–2, were isolated from Patinopecten yessoensis viscera and purified by using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sepharose CL-6B. Both SVP2–1 and SVP2–2 could extend activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT) and inhibit the transformation of fibrinogen into fibrin (FIB) concentration-dependently, indicating they inhibited clotting and thrombin through intrinsic and common pathways. Of note, SVP2–2 had stronger anticoagulant activity than SVP2–1, and its backbone was determined as →6)-α-Man p (1 → 2)-α-Gal p (1 → with Xyl or Glc substituted at C4 of Gal. Based on monosaccharide composition analysis, methylation analysis, and NMR analysis. Further comparison of their monosaccharide analysis and NMR spectra indicates SVP2–1 and SVP2–2 possess the same core structure features, so the higher sulfate content and lower molecular weight may be the possible reasons for the stronger anticoagulant capability of SVP2–2. The present study suggests acidic polysaccharides from scallop viscera as promising anticoagulant candidates. • Two polysaccharides from scallop viscera were purified and characterized. • They inhibited clotting and thrombin through intrinsic and common pathways. • SVP2–2 with higher sulfate content exhibited stronger anticoagulant effect. • The backbone of SVP2–2 was →6)-α-Man(1 → 2)-α-Gal(1 → with Xyl and Glc at C-4 of Gal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyclina sinensis is an edible clam widely distributed along the coastal waters of Asia. In the present study, a polysaccharide (CSP-1) isolated from C. sinensis was purified by a DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow column, and it had an average molecular weight of 3.8 × 105 Da and a prevalent component monosaccharide of Glc. The results of methylation analysis and 1D/2D NMR indicated that CSP-1 was a glycogen constructed with α-1,4-Glc and branched at C-6 every 9 Glc residues. In addition, Cong red test suggests CSP-1 was not a helical conformation, and irregular and spherical lumps were observed by AFM. Moreover, CSP-1 was found to possess potent immunostimulatory activity on the basis of its significant abilities to enhance NO production and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) secretion in RAW 264.7 macrophages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is widely known for its various biological activities which are closely related to the sulfate substitution and the molecular weight. Effective degradation methods without striping sulfate groups are in a need. In the present study, a photocatalytic degradation method using H 2 O 2 and TiO 2 has been developed and it could decrease the average molecular weight of CS into 5 kDa within 6 h. The chemical composition of CS before and after degradation were compared by FT-IR, NMR, etc. , and no removement of sulfate group was observed. Then the identification of the oligosaccharides in the degradation product by mass spectroscopy revealed that glucuronic acid or its derivative, arabinuronic acid, was at most of the reducing ends, and the depolymerization mechanism was proposed. Furthermore, the absorption of CS in rats was enhanced by the degradation while the excertion profile of the degradation product was similar to that of CS. [Display omitted] • A photocatalytic method is developed for chondroitin sulfate (CS) degradation. • It could depolymerize CS to 5 kDa within 6 h without stripping sulfate groups. • Most of oligosaccharide have glucuronic acid or its derivative at reducing ends. • Gut microbiota metabolize CS and its degradation product (3 kDa) at a similar level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]