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A new research field is emerging in which ensembles of molecules are collectively hybridised with light in a process known as strong coupling. This hybridisation leads to the formation of new states that are part light and part matter, states known as polaritons. Here we offer an entry point into the field of molecular strong coupling. We include an overview of the essential phenomena and an introduction to the conceptual framework – considerable use is made of simple classical physics models since they are helpful in developing an intuitive understanding. Open questions are identified and discussed, as well as some of the exciting experimental and theoretical challenges that lie ahead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We used cavity quantum electrodynamic effects to determine the orientation of a species of organic dye molecule located in a microcavity environment. We used the Langmuir-Blodgett technique to fabricate well-controlled multilayer structures into which we incorporated dye molecules with well-defined layer positions. Comparing the results of fluorescence lifetime measurements and radiation patterns with theoretical calculations allowed us to determine both the orientation and the quantum efficiency of the dye molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report results obtained from modeling the light outcoupling efficiency of top–emitting organic light-emitting diode (OLED) structures and compare them with results from conventional substrate-emitting structures. We investigate two types of emissive material, small molecule and conjugated polymers, and study three different cathode materials; aluminum, silver, and calcium. We show that top-emitting OLEDs may have outcoupling efficiencies comparable to their substrate-emitting counterparts, and that the choice of cathode material is critical to the optical performance of the device. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]