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Writing with ink on a paper and the rapid diagnostics of diseases using paper cartridge, despite their remarkable diversities from application perspective, both involve the motion of a liquid from a source on a porous hydrophilic substrate. Here we bring out a generalization in the pertinent dynamics by appealing to the concerned ensemble-averaged transport with reference to the underlying molecular picture. Our results reveal that notwithstanding the associated complexities and diversities, the resultant liquid transport characteristics on a paper matrix, in a wide variety of applications, resemble universal diffusive dynamics. Agreement with experimental results from diversified applications is generic and validates our unified theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioactive paper, or paper that exhibits biorecognition properties, is a promising tool for on-site environmental monitoring. A critical parameter for production of paper-based sensors is the immobilization of biomolecules onto paper with retention of long-term activity. High loading, control over biomolecule orientation and accessibility, and protection of biomolecules from external denaturation need to be provided by the immobilization technique. We present here a summary of the current strategies for enzyme, antibody, bacteriophage, and aptamer immobilization on cellulose and provide examples of the application of bioactive paper in environmental monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioactive papers are advanced cellulose-based functional materials that incorporate biomolecules with specific recognition ability for analytes. Although there is a wide range of potential applications for these papers, only a few have reached the commercial stage. There are fundamental questions that have to be addressed before they can be developed in large scale. One of the central questions in bioactive paper development is the impact of the properties of the cellulosic support on both immobilization and functionality of biomolecules. This paper presents a literature review on inkjet printing of biomolecules for bioactive paper applications and reports recent progress made in understanding factors that affect the activity of enzymes physically immobilized on cellulosic supports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purification of wastewater from paper factory was attempted by superconducting high gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) both in laboratory scale and pilot-plant scale experiments. Magnetite and some kinds of iron hydroxide particles were used as scavenging materials for suspended substances (SS) and organic dye molecules included in wastewater. The chemical oxygen demand (COD value) was used as a measure of purification of the wastewater. Optimum dosage of the scavenger was examined. Model wastewater was also prepared and tested in order to elucidate the mechanism of adsorption of the organic materials onto the scavenging particles. The obtained results showed that the wastewater was successfully purified by HGMS both in a laboratory scale and a pilot-plant scale. The apparatus modifications of magnetic filters and flow path were also made to accomplish the purification system for the practical use. The results can allow us to promote a scale-up design for greater capacity of the treatment of wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]