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Why has Britain declined to adopt the single currency? The conventional view holds that there are multiple political and economic barriers to British entry into monetary union-large fractions of public opinion, business leaders, and the Conservative party oppose entry; Britain's economic cycle is not synchronized with that of the euro-zone; adoption of the single currency would harm foreign trade and investment; British political institutions make it difficult to muster support for such a move, and so on. I argue that policy failure is a more important influence on British economic policy. Major changes occur when extant policy fails and there exists an alternative policy idea that both explains this failure persuasively and prescribes a new and more effective way forward. A British government might advocate euro membership if the current framework for policy in Britain - central bank independence with a floating exchange rate - fails, and policies pursued by the European Central Bank address the source of this failure. This combination would also lead many politicians, business leaders, and voters to see the advantages of euro membership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the flaws and the reasons behind the Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) of the European Monetary System's (EMS) partial disintegration in the beginning of September 1992 which resulted in its transition failure towards a European Monetary Union (EMU). From January 1987 to mid-September 1992, no alignment have been observed on the ERM. In fact, it was coined as the "new" or "hard" EMS which ended when Italy and Great Britain were forced to exit the ERM. Moreover, the politicians and officials' inability to foresee the currency turmoil paved way to the Community's economic and political uneasiness.