1. Association of renalase with clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
- Author
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Safdar B, Wang M, Guo X, Cha C, Chun HJ, Deng Y, Dziura J, El-Khoury JM, Gorelick F, Ko AI, Lee AI, Safirstein R, Simonov M, Zhou B, and Desir GV
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, COVID-19 mortality, COVID-19 virology, Endothelium metabolism, Endothelium pathology, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Interleukin-6 blood, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Male, Middle Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Respiration, Artificial, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, SARS-CoV-2 isolation & purification, Severity of Illness Index, COVID-19 pathology, Monoamine Oxidase blood
- Abstract
Renalase is a secreted flavoprotein with anti-inflammatory and pro-cell survival properties. COVID-19 is associated with disordered inflammation and apoptosis. We hypothesized that blood renalase levels would correspond to severe COVID-19 and survival. In this retrospective cohort study, clinicopathologic data and blood samples were collected from hospitalized COVID-19 subjects (March-June 2020) at a single institution tertiary hospital. Plasma renalase and cytokine levels were measured and clinical data abstracted from health records. Of 3,450 COVID-19 patients, 458 patients were enrolled. Patients were excluded if <18 years, or opted out of research. The primary composite outcome was intubation or death within 180 days. Secondary outcomes included mortality alone, intensive care unit admission, use of vasopressors, and CPR. Enrolled patients had mean age 64 years (SD±17), were 53% males, and 48% non-whites. Mean renalase levels was 14,108·4 ng/ml (SD±8,137 ng/ml). Compared to patients with high renalase, those with low renalase (< 8,922 ng/ml) were more likely to present with hypoxia, increased ICU admission (54% vs. 33%, p < 0.001), and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (10% vs. 4%, p = 0·023). In Cox proportional hazard model, every 1000 ng/ml increase in renalase decreased the risk of death or intubation by 5% (HR 0·95; 95% CI 0·91-0·98) and increased survival alone by 6% (HR 0·95; CI 0·90-0·98), after adjusting for socio-demographics, initial disease severity, comorbidities and inflammation. Patients with high renalase-low IL-6 levels had the best survival compared to other groups (p = 0·04). Renalase was independently associated with reduced intubation and mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Future studies should assess the pathophysiological relevance of renalase in COVID-19 disease., Competing Interests: Dr. Desir reports grants and other from Bessor Pharma, other from Personal Therapeutics, outside the submitted work; In addition, Dr. Desir has a patent US 7,700,095 licensed to Bessor Pharma, a patent US 7,858,084 licensed to Bessor Pharma, a patent US 10,066,025 B2 licensed to Bessor Pharma, a patent US 10,273,311 licensed to Bessor Pharma, a patent US 10,618,975 licensed to Bessor Pharma, and a patent US 10,941,212 licensed to Bessor Pharma. Dr. Gorelick reports grants from Veterans Administration, grants from Bessor Pharma/NIH NIDDK SBIR2, from null, during the conduct of the study. Dr. Ko reports grants from Bristol Myer Squib, grants from Regeneron, grants from Serimmune, grants and personal fees from Tata Medical Devices, outside the submitted work. Dr. Safdar reports institutional grants from NHLBI, and Comprehensive Research Associates, outside the submitted work. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
- Published
- 2022
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