Author: "SALIM, ALI" / Topic: mortality - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

39 results on '"SALIM, ALI"'

1. Long term mortality in critically ill burn survivors.

Author: Nitzschke S, Offodile AC 2nd, Cauley RP, Frankel JE, Beam A, Elias KM, Gibbons FK, Salim A, and Christopher KB
Subjects: APACHE, Adolescent, Adult, Body Surface Area, Cause of Death, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Organ Dysfunction Scores, Patient Readmission statistics & numerical data, Proportional Hazards Models, Retrospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Sepsis epidemiology, Social Class, Trauma Severity Indices, Young Adult, Burns epidemiology, Critical Illness, Mortality, Smoke Inhalation Injury epidemiology, Survivors statistics & numerical data
Abstract: Introduction: Little is known about long term survival risk factors in critically ill burn patients who survive hospitalization. We hypothesized that patients with major burns who survive hospitalization would have favorable long term outcomes., Methods: We performed a two center observational cohort study in 365 critically ill adult burn patients who survived to hospital discharge. The exposure of interest was major burn defined a priori as >20% total body surface area burned [TBSA]. The modified Baux score was determined by age + %TBSA+ 17(inhalational injury). The primary outcome was all-cause 5year mortality based on the US Social Security Administration Death Master File. Adjusted associations were estimated through fitting of multivariable logistic regression models. Our final model included adjustment for inhalational injury, presence of 3rd degree burn, gender and the acute organ failure score, a validated ICU risk-prediction score derived from age, ethnicity, surgery vs. medical patient type, comorbidity, sepsis and acute organ failure covariates. Time-to-event analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazard regression., Results: Of the cohort patients studied, 76% were male, 29% were non white, 14% were over 65, 32% had TBSA >20%, and 45% had inhalational injury. The mean age was 45, 92% had 2nd degree burns, 60% had 3rd degree burns, 21% received vasopressors, and 26% had sepsis. The mean TBSA was 20.1%. The mean modified Baux score was 72.8. Post hospital discharge 5year mortality rate was 9.0%. The 30day hospital readmission rate was 4%. Patients with major burns were significantly younger (41 vs. 47 years) had a significantly higher modified Baux score (89 vs. 62), and had significantly higher comorbidity, acute organ failure, inhalational injury and sepsis (all P<0.05). There were no differences in gender and the acute organ failure score between major and non-major burns. In the multivariable logistic regression model, major burn was associated with a 3 fold decreased odds of 5year post-discharge mortality compared to patients with TBSA<20% [OR=0.29 (95%CI 0.11-0.78; P=0.014)]. The adjusted model showed good discrimination [AUC 0.81 (95%CI 0.74-0.89)] and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow χ 2 P=0.67). Cox proportional hazard multivariable regression modeling, adjusting for inhalational injury, presence of 3rd degree burn, gender and the acute organ failure score, showed that major burn was predictive of lower mortality following hospital admission [HR=0.34 (95% CI 0.15-0.76; P=0.009)]. The modified Baux score was not predictive for mortality following hospital discharge [OR 5year post-discharge mortality=1.00 (95%CI 0.99-1.02; P=0.74); HR for post-discharge mortality=1.00 (95% CI 0.99-1.02; P=0.55)]., Conclusions: Critically ill patients with major burns who survive to hospital discharge have decreased 5year mortality compared to those with less severe burns. ICU Burn unit patients who survive to hospital discharge are younger with less comorbidities. The observed relationship is likely due to the relatively higher physiological reserve present in those who survive a Burn ICU course which may provide for a survival advantage during recovery after major burn., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

2. The role of the American Society of anesthesiologists physical status classification in predicting trauma mortality and outcomes

Author: Kuza, Catherine M, Matsushima, Kazuhide, Mack, Wendy J, Pham, Christopher, Hourany, Talia, Lee, Jessica, Tran, Thang D, Dudaryk, Roman, Mulder, Michelle B, Escanelle, Miguel A, Ogunnaike, Babatunde, Ahmed, M Iqbal, Luo, Xi, Eastman, Alexander, Imran, Jonathan B, Melikman, Emily, Minhajuddin, Abu, Feeler, Anne, Urman, Richard D, Salim, Ali, Spencer, Dean, Gabriel, Viktor, Ramakrishnan, Divya, and Nahmias, Jeffry T
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Dentistry, Physical Injury - Accidents and Adverse Effects, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Anesthesiologists, Female, Humans, Length of Stay, Male, Middle Aged, Predictive Value of Tests, Respiration, Artificial, Retrospective Studies, Societies, Medical, Trauma Severity Indices, United States, Wounds and Injuries, ASA PS, Trauma scores, Mortality, Predictors, Outcomes, Surgery, Clinical sciences
Abstract: BackgroundTrauma prediction scores such as Revised Trauma Score (RTS) and Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS)) are used to predict mortality, but do not include comorbidities. We analyzed the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA PS) for predicting mortality in trauma patients undergoing surgery.MethodsThis multicenter, retrospective study compared the mortality predictive ability of ASA PS, RTS, Injury Severity Score (ISS), and TRISS using a complete case analysis with mixed effects logistic regression. Associations with mortality and AROC were calculated for each measure alone and tested for differences using chi-square.ResultsOf 3,042 patients, 230 (8%) died. The AROC for mortality for TRISS was 0.938 (95%CI 0.921, 0.954), RTS 0.845 (95%CI 0.815, 0.875), and ASA PS 0.886 (95%CI 0.864, 0.908). ASA PS + TRISS did not improve mortality predictive ability (p = 0.18).ConclusionsASA PS was a good predictor of mortality in trauma patients, although combined with TRISS it did not improve predictive ability.
Published: 2019

3. Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Author: Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Bhangu, Aneel, Glasbey, James C, Li, Elizabeth, Omar, Omar M, Simoes, Joana FF, Abbott, Tom EF, Alser, Osaid, Arnaud, Alexis P, Bankhead-Kendall, Brittany K, Breen, Kerry A, Cunha, Miguel F, Davidson, Giana H, Di Saverio, Salomone, Gallo, Gaetano, Griffiths, Ewen A, Gujjuri, Rohan R, Hutchinson, Peter J, Kaafarani, Haytham MA, Lederhuber, Hans, Löffler, Markus W, Mashbari, Hassan N, Minaya-Bravo, Ana, Morton, Dion G, Moszkowicz, David, Pata, Francesco, Tsoulfas, George, Venn, Mary L, Cox, Daniel, Roslani, April C, Alakaloko, Felix, de Vries, Jean-Paul PM, Aaraj, Mahmoud A, Abbott, Sarah J, Abdalla, Mutwakil OM, Abdelaal, Ahmed S, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O, Aherne, Thomas M, Ali, Osman M, Alkadeeki, Ghadah Z, Almeida, Ana C, Alrahawy, Mahmoud M, Ambler, Graeme K, Alameer, Ehab, Andreani, Stefano M, De Andrés-Asenjo, Beatriz, Antonanzas, Leyre Lopez, Aoun, Salah G, Ashoush, Fouad M, Augestad, Knut Magne, Avellana, Rocio B, Ayeni, Funbi A, Ayorinde, John OO, Babu, Bheemanakone H, Baig, Mirza MAS, Bajomo, Oreoluwa M, Baker, Olivia J, Baker, Markus P, Baldwin, Alexander J, Ban, Vin Shen, Baron, Ryan D, Barranquero, Alberto G, Barry, Conor P, DI Bartolomeo, Alessandro, Bass, Gary A, Bath, Michael F, Batjer, H Hunt, Beamish, Andrew J, Belgaumkar, Ajay P, Bence, Matthew N, Benson, Ruth A, Bernal-Sprekelsen, Juan Carlos, Bhama, Anuradha R, Bhavaraju, Avi V, Biffl, Walter L, Blundell, Chris M, Boddy, Alexander P, Borgstein, Alexander BJ, Bosanquet, David C, Bosch, Karen D, Bouhuwaish, Ahmad EM, Bozkurt, Mehmet A, Brathwaite, Collin EM, Brown, Benjamin C, Brown, Oliver D, Brown, Allison K, Buarque, Igor Lima, Bueno-Cañones, Alejandro D, Bulugma, Mustafa R, Burke, Joshua R, Byrne, Matthew HV, Cagigal-Ortega, Elima P, Callcut, Rachael A, DI Candido, Francesca, Canova, Michaela E, Carlos, William J, Caruana, Edward J, Cato, Liam D, Catton, Andrew B, Ceretti, Andrea Pisani, Chase, Thomas JG, Chiara, Francesco Di, Chowdhury, Abeed H, Chung, Eric A, Cicerchia, Pierfranco M, Clough, Ethan CS, Coleman, Natasha L, Collins, Chris G, Collins, Michelle L, Colonna, Emily T, Comini, Lara V, Coughlin, Patrick A, Cruzado, Laura Fernández-Gomez, Davidson, Brian R, Davies, Richard J, Davies, Emma J, Davis, Niall F, Dawson, Brett E, Dean, Benjamin JF, Delgado, Maria Garcia-Conde, Diaz, Jose J, Dickson, Kathryn E, Diez-Alonso, Manuel M, Dixon, Jan R, Doe, Matthew J, Drake, Thomas D, Drake, Frederick T, Duffy, John P, Dunne, Declan FJ, Dunne, Naomi JM, Durán-Muñoz-Cruzado, Virginia M, Durst, Alexander ZE, Eardley, Nicola J, Edwards, John G, Elfallal, Ahmed H, Elfiky, Mahmoud MA, Elliott, Jessie A, Emile, Sameh H, Emslie, Katy M, Endorf, Frederick W, Engel, Jamie L, Enjuto, Diego T, Etchill, Eric W, Evans, Jonathan P, Fahey, Brian A, Faria, Carlos S, Feo, Carlo V, Ferguson, Henry JM, Fernandez, Beatriz Dieguez, Fernandez, Andres Garcia, Fernández, Antonio J, Fernández-Pacheco, Borja Camacho, Fitzgerald, J Edward, Fonsi, Giovanni B, Font, Roser Farré, Fowler, Amy L, Fretwell, Kenneth R, Fructuoso, Lorena Sanchon, Fusai, Giuseppe K, Garcia, Miguel Hernandez, Garcia-Ureña, Miguel Angel, Gill, Charn K, Gisbertz, Suzanne S, Del Giudice, Roberto, Giuffrida, Maria Carmela, Di Giuseppe, Matteo, Gómez, María Fanjul, Guariglia, Claudio A, Hainsworth, Alison J, Hall, Bria J, Hall, James RW, Hammond, John S, Haqqani, Maha H, Harrison, Ewen M, Hazelton, Joshua P, van Heinsbergen, Maarten, Hill, Arnold DK, Hing, Caroline B, Hirji, Sameer A, Ho, Michael WS, Holbrook, Charlotte M, Holme, Thomas J, Hopkins, James C, Hopkinson, David N, Hossain, Fahad S, Hudson, Victoria E, Hughes, Jane L, Hwang, E. Shelley, Ibrahim, Mohamed AH, Isolani, Simone M, Jenkinson, Michael D, Jenny, Hillary E, Jeyaretna, Deva S, Jones, Robert P, Jones, Andrew P, Jonker, Pascal KC, Jönsson, Maria L, Joyce, Doireann P, Kalkwarf, Kyle J, Kamarajah, Sivesh K, El Kassas, Mohamed, Kavanagh, Dara O, Keatley, James M, Khalefa, Mohamed A, Khan, Jim S, Kirmani, Bilal H, Kisiel, Aaron P, Kouris, Spyros Marinos, Kowal, Mikolaj R, Labib, Peter L, Larkin, John O, Lauscher, Johannes C, Leclercq, Wouter KG, Ledesma, Frances SJ, Leite-Moreira, André M, Leung, Elaine YL, Lewis, Sophia E, Lima, Maria João, Lin, Daniel J, Liu, Helen H, Lowery, Aoife J, Lozano, Saida Martel, Luney, Catriona R, Maia, Mariana Magalhães, Mariani, Nicolò M, Marino, Marco V, Marra, Angelo A, Marsh, Christopher L, Martin, Robert CG, McCluney, Simon J, McIntyre, Robert C, Mckay, Siobhan C, McKevitt, Kevin L, Meagher, Ashley D, Mehdi, Mohammad Q, Mehigan, Brian J, Gonzalez-De Miguel, Melania, De Miguel-Ardevines, Maria-Carmen, Mills, Sarah J, Mohan, Helen M, Moir, John AG, Monson, John RT, Monteiro, Joana M, Montella, Maria T, Montesinos, Cristina Soto, Morgom, Marwa M, Moura, Francisco S, Muguerza, Jose M, Murphy, Suzanne H, De Nardi, Paola, Naumann, David N, Neary, Paul C, Neely, David TA, Ng-Kamstra, Joshua S, Ngu, Albert WT, Nguyen, Truong A, Nita, George E, Nunes, Quentin M, Nygaard, Rachel M, O'Meara, Lindsay B, O'Neill, John R, Okafor, Barbara U, Olson, Steven A, Oo, Aung Y, Ormazabal, Pablo Collera, Osorio, Alexander L, Pachl, Max J, Parry, James T, Patel, Panna K, Pérez-Sánchez, Luis E, Pevidal, Ana Nogues, Pezzuto, Anna P, Philp, Matthew M, Pinkney, Thomas D, Pollok, Joerg M, Povey, Meical G, Poza, Alfredo Alonso, Rajgor, Amarkumar D, Rao, Jagan N, Raptis, Dimitri A, Rice, Henry E, Ridgway, Paul F, Rivas, Ana Munoz, Rodriguez-Sanjuan, Juan C, Rogers, Luke J, Da Roit, Anna, Rollett, Rebecca A, Romera, Jose L, Rooney, Siobhan M, Roxo, Vanessa I, Le Roy, Bertrand, Rubio, Eduardo E, Ruiz, Carolina Castro, Ruiz, Manuel Losada, Ryan, Éanna J, Saad, Abdel Rahman, Saeed, Samerah A, Salama, Hiba A, Salamah, Abdulrauf A, Sampietro, Gianluca M, Sarma, Diwakar R, Schaffer, Kathryn B, Schnitzbauer, Andreas A, Scurrah, Rachel J, Serevina, Olivia L, Serralheiro, Pedro A, Sewards, Joseph M, Shackcloth, Michael J, Shaw, Abigail V, Sheel, Andrea RG, Sica, Giuseppe S, De Simone, Veronica, Singh, Aminder A, Singh, Rabindra P, Skelly, Brendan L, Smith, Henry G, Sohail, Amir H, Spalding, Duncan R, Springford, Laurie R, Ssentongo, Anna E, Steinkamp, Pieter J, Stevens, Kent A, Stewart, Grant D, Stylianides, Nicholas A, Sullivan, Tom BB, Taher, Ahmed SA, Tamimy, Muhammad S, Tang, Alethea M, Tebala, Giovanni D, Tejero-Pintor, Francisco J, Thaha, Mohamed A, Thomas, Amy J, De Toma, Giorgio, La Torre, Filippo, Torres, Antonio J, Townshend, David N, Trout, Isobel M, Tucker, Sarah C, Ubhi, Harmony K, Vega, Viviana A, Velmahos, George C, Velopulos, Catherine G, Viswanath, Yirupaiahgari KS, Vivas, Alfredo A, Wade, Ryckie G, Wadley, Martin S, Wall, Joshua JS, Walters, Andrew M, Warren, Oliver J, Weerasinghe, Chamindri K, Wilkin, Richard JW, Williams, Katherine J, Winter, Stuart C, Wormald, Justin CR, Wright, Franklin L, Xyda, Souzana E, Young, Alastair L, Youssef, Mina MG, Yousuf, Farhat B, El Youzouri, Hanan, Zappa, Marco A, Abate, Emmanuele, Abdalaziz, Hossam, Abdelkarim, Mostafa, Abdou, Hossam, Aboelkassem-Ibrahim, Ahmad, Abuown, Ala, Acebes-Garcia, Fernando, Acharya, Metesh, Adamina, Michel, Addae-Boateng, Emmanuel, Aftab, Raiyyan, Agarwal, Arnav, Aguilar, José, Ahmed, Yousra, Aitken, Emma, Al-Azzawi, Marwa, Al-Embideen, Somya, Al-Masri, Mahmoud, Al-Najjar, Hani, Al-Sukaini, Ahmad, Alam, Ruhina, Alderson, Derek, Aliyeva, Zumrud, Aljanadi, Firas, Almasri, Murad, Alonso-Ortuño, Paula, Altintoprak, Fatih, Amira, Gamal, Amjad, Rabbia, Anania, Gabriele, Andabaka, Tatjana, Angelou, Dimitrios, Annamalai, Seethalakshmi, Annessi, Valerio, Anthoney, James, Anwar, Sibtain, Anwer, Mariyah, Aragon-Chamizo, Juan, Ardito, Antonella, Arigoni, Michele, Armao, Teodora, Arminio, Armando, Armstrong, Lara, Arnaud, Alexis, Asaad, Peter, Ashcroft, James, Ashmore, Christopher, Asqalan, Ahmad, Asti, Emanuele, Aubry, Emmanuelle, Aytac, Erman, Ayuso-Herrera, Esther, Baeza, Melody, Bailon-Cuadrado, Martin, Bakmaz, Bernarda, Baldi, Caterina, Baldini, Edoardo, Baldo, Stefano, Ballabio, Michele, Baloyiannis, Ioannis, Baltazar, Gerard, Bàmbina, Fabrizio, Bandiera, Alessandro, Barlow, Emma, Barmasse, Roberto, Barmpagianni, Christina, Baronio, Gianluca, Barra, Fabio, Bartsch, Anne-Marie, Basgaran, Amedra, Basha, Amr, Bashkirova, Varvara, Bastazza, Marco, Baumber, Rachel, Belcher, Elizabeth, Belvedere, Angela, Benítez-Linero, Inmaculada, Bergeat, Damien, Bernasconi, Matteo, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhutiani, Neal, Bianco, Federica, Bisagni, Pietro, Blake, Iain, Blanco-Colino, Ruth, Blazquez-Martin, Alma, Boal, Matthew, Bonavina, Luigi, Bonavina, Giulia, Bond-Smith, Giles, Booth, Karen, Borges, Filipe, Borghi, Felice, Bouchagier, Konstantinos, Bourke, Grainne, Boyle, Emily, Brachini, Gioia, Brain, Jessie, Brar, Amanpreet, Breckles, Lisa, Bretagnol, Frédéric, Brixton, Genevieve, Bruzzaniti, Placido, Bueser, Teofila, Burnside, Nathan, Caballero, Albert, Calcerrada-Alises, Enrique, Callahan, Miriam, Camarero, Enrique, Campagnaro, Tommaso, Campanelli, Michela, Candiani, Massimo, Cantalejo-Diaz, Miguel, Cao, Han, Capelli, Patrizio, Capizzi, Vita, Carcano, Giulio, Carissimi, Francesca, Carlini, Massimo, Carlucci, Michele, Carmichael, Heather, Carrasco, Milagros, Carrillo, Mariana, Carvello, Michele, Casati, Massimiliano, Castoro, Carlo, Catalan, Vanesa, Cavaleiro, Salomé, Cellerino, Paola, Centinaio, Giovanna, Cernei, Cristina, Cerro, Cristina, Cervellera, Maurizio, Chakrabortee, Sohini, Chamberlain, Stephanie, Chan, Jeffrey, Chang, Grace, Chaudhry, Dauod, Chebaro, Alexandre, Chen, David, Chetty, Govind, Chia, Zoe, Chiappini, Ambra, Chiarugi, Massimo, Chidambaram, Swathikan, Chiozza, Matteo, Cholewa, Hanna, Chong, Clara, Choolani-Bhojwani, Ekta, Christoforidis, Dimitri, Chui, Karen, Chung, Choyin, Cirillo, Bruno, Citterio, Davide, Clermidi, Pauline, Coccolini, Federico, Colletti, Gaia, Compagnoni, Bruno, Concepción-Martín, Vanesa, Confalonieri, Marco, Connolly, Hannah, Conso, Christel, Conti, Luigi, Cooper, Zara, Cordera, Fernando, Corral, Javier, Costa, Marta, Costanzi, Andrea, Cotsoglou, Christian, Cozza, Valerio, Cuming, Tamzin, Curtis, Miles, Cuschieri, Joseph, D'Agruma, Michele, D'Andrea, Giancarlo, Daliya, Prita, Dare, Oliver, Darko, Ebenezer, Day, Andrew, Dehal, Ahmed, Dehart, Dustin, Delgado-Oliver, Eduardo, Denning, Max, Desai, Anant, Desender, Liesbeth, Dester, Sara, Díaz-García, Alberto, Diaz-Peña, Patricia, Dousset, Bertrand, Doussot, Alexandre, Duchateau, Nicolas, Duff, Sarah, Dunning, Joel, Duque-Mallen, Victoria, Dziakova, Jana, Egan, Bridget, Egan, Richard, El-Ali, Abess, Elfeki, Hossam, Elhadi, Muhammed, Eljareh, Mohammed, Elkady, Ramy, Elkhafeefi, Fatimah, Elmore, Ugo, Elmoslemany, Tarek, Emmerson, Oliver, Enemosah, Ibrahim, English, Camilla, English, William, Escartin, Jorge, Estaire-Gomez, Mercedes, Evans, Luke, Evans, Jessica, Exley, Rebecca, Fabbri, Nicoló, Falco, Giuseppe, Familiari, Pietro, Fancellu, Alessandro, Farik, Shebani, Farrell, Tony, Fehervari, Matyas, Fell, Adam, Fernandez-Camuñas, Angel, Fernández-Marín, Reyes, Fernández-Martínez, María, Ferrara, Francesco, Ferrari, Guglielmo, Ferrero, Simone, Findlay, Laura, Fiore, Marco, Fiori, Enrico, Flatman, Michael, Flindall, Ian, Flor, Blas, Fontana, Tommaso, Ford, Samuel, Ford, David, Forlani, Stefano, Francone, Elisa, Frattaruolo, Colomba, Frio, Federico, Gagliano, Annalisa, Gagliardi, Filippo, Gahunia, Sukhpreet, Gaino, Francesca, Gala, Tanzeela, Galfrascoli, Elisa, Galimberti, Luca, Gallagher, Phoebe, Galleano, Raffaele, Galván-Pérez, Armando, Gammeri, Emanuele, Ganau, Mario, Garcés-García, Raúl, Garulli, Gianluca, Gascon-Ferrer, Isabel, Gattolin, Andrea, Gaujoux, Sebastien, Gentilli, Sergio, Georgiades, Fanourios, Ghanbari, Amir, Ghosh, Dhruv, Giacometti, Marco, Giblin, Anna-Victoria, Gilbert, Catherine, Giménez, Clara, Giorgakis, Emmanouil, Gipponi, Manuel, Glen, Paul, Goatly, Giles, Gobatti, Davide, Godbole, Chintamani, Gohil, Kajal, Gómez, Marcos, Gomez-Rosado, Juan-Carlos, Gonullu, Emre, Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Enrique, Gordini, Luca, Gracia, Isabel, Gracia-Roche, Carlos, Granieri, Stefano, Green, Susanna, Grivon, Manuela, Grove, Thomas, Guaglio, Marcello, Guaitoli, Eleonora, Guglielmi, Alfredo, Guha, Soumya, Gustavino, Claudio, Habeeb, Amir, Hagger, Robert, Hakmi, Hazim, Halkias, Constantine, Hall, Claire, Hampton, Matthew, Handa, Siddhartha, Hansen, Laura, Haq, Iram, Harky, Amer, Harries, Rhiannon, Harrison, Joseph, Hasan, Raashad, Hawari, Mohammad, Hawkin, Paul, Hebblethwaite, Bethany, Henriques, Susana, Heritage, Emily, Hernandez-Juara, Pilar, Herrero-Lopez, Maria, Hervieux, Erik, Heyd, Bruno, Higgs, Simon, Hitchman, Louise, Ho, Beatrice, Hogan, Aisling, Hölzle, Frank, Hossain, Tanvir, Hurt, Libor, Hutchinson, Peter, Iacob, Giulio, Iannone, Immacolata, Ibrahim, Sherif, Iovino, Domenico, Isik, Arda, Jafarova, Sevda, Jamil, Tahir, Jayaraju, Ullas, Jenner, Edward, Jimenez-Higuera, Elisa, Jimeno, Jaime, Jones, Mark, Judkins, Nicholas, Kalavrezos, Nicholas, Kalidindi, Venugopala, Kalkat, Maninder, Kamal, Mona, Kamphues, Carsten, Kang, Chong, Kara, Yasin, Karam, Edward, Karim, Ahmed, Kashora, Florence, Kearney, David, Khajuria, Apoorva, Khan, Umul, Khan, Azam, Khatri, Chetan, Kinnaman, Gabriel, Kinross, James, Kler, Aaron, Klimopoulos, Serafeim, Kocataş, Ali, Kolias, Angelos, Königsrainer, Alfred, Konsten, Joop, Kontovounisios, Christos, Kourdouli, Amar, Krishnan, Emily, Kristinsson, Sverrir, Kruijff, Schelto, Kudsk-Iversen, Søren, Kufeji, Dorothy, Kugler, Nadav, Kulkarni, Rugved, Kurihara, Hayato, Laface, Letizia, Lakkis, Zaher, Lami, Mariam, Landaluce-Olavarria, Aitor, Lapolla, Pierfrancesco, Lawani, Ismail, Lawday, Samuel, Lázaro, André, Lecolle, Katia, Leventoglu, Sezai, Li, Zoe, Liew, Ignatius, Lisi, Giorgio, Lizzi, Vincenzo, Lo, Terence, Lomiento, Daniele, Longhi, Marco, Lostis, Emilie, Lostoridis, Eftychios, Loubani, Mahmoud, Lowy-Benoliel, Alejandro, Lucianetti, Alessandro, Luke, Louis, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Luraghi, Marco, Lye, George, Mabrouk, Islam, Macchi, Alberto, MacDonald, Luisa, Machairas, Nikolaos, Madonini, Marco, Magowan, Drew, Maisonneuve, Emeline, Majkowska, Agata, Majkowski, Lawrence, Mak, Jason, Malabarba, Stefano, Malerba, Michele, Mannan, Syed, Manson, Joanna, Mansuri, Ahmer, Mantoglu, Baris, Manu, Nichola, Maqsood, Afnan, Marano, Alessandra, Marchbank, Adrian, Marcos-Santos, Pablo, Marrano, Enrico, Martin, Janet, Martin, Emmeline, Martin, Guy, Martin-Albo, Lorena, Martín-Román, Lorena, Martinelli, Fabio, Martínez-dePaz, Fernando, Martinez-German, Antonio, Martinez-Pinedo, Carlos, Martins, Ricardo, Marwan, Hisham, Marzi, Federica, Mathieu, Pierre, Matute-Najarro, Maria-Soledad, Maw, Andrew, Mazingi, Dennis, Mazzaferro, Vincenzo, McCanny, Andrew, McKenzie, Katherine, McLarty, Nicola, McPherson, Iain, Medina, Esther, Mediratta, Saniya, Medone, Marzia, Mehra, Gautam, Mele, Simone, Melero-Cortés, Lidia, Mendoza-Moreno, Fernando, Meneghini, Simona, Mercante, Giuseppe, Merdrignac, Aude, Merola, Stephen, Metallidis, Symeon, Michel, Martin, Migliore, Marco, Mihanovic, Jakov, Miller, Douglas, Mingoli, Andrea, Minto, Gary, Mirabella, Antonello, Misra, Nikhil, Mitrasinovic, Stefan, Miu, Victor, Moawad, Nader, Mochet, Sylvie, Modabber, Ali, Mohammad, Adam, Mohan, Midhun, Moliner-Sánchez, Carmen, Mongelli, Francesco, Monteleone, Michela, Montuori, Mauro, Moore, Rachel, Mora-Guzmán, Ismael, Morales, Xavier, Morales, Dieter, Morelli, Luca, Morelli, Lucia, Morgan, Richard, Morris, Chris, Mortini, Pietro, Mosca, Angelo, Motter, Dema, Moug, Susan, Mukherjee, Samrat, Najdy, Manhal, Nakas, Apostolos, Namazov, Ilgar, Naredla, Pradyumna, Nasef, Emmhamed, Nassa, Heeam, Nath, Rahul, Navarro-Sánchez, Antonio, Nazarian, Scarlet, Negri, Giampiero, Nehra, Deepika, Neil-Dwyer, Jason, Neri, Jacopo, Newton, Katy, Nikaj, Herald, Niquen, Milagros, Nobile, Sara, Nogueiro, Jorge, Ntirenganya, Faustin, Nugent, Michael, Núñez, Jordi, Ocaña, Juan, Okechukwu, Valentine, Oliva-Mompean, Fernando, Oliveira, Ana, Ollat, Didier, Onos, Lavinia, Osagie-Clouard, Liza, Osman, Khabab, Ottolina, Jessica, Ourieff, Jared, Outani, Oumaima, Oyewole, Bankole, Ozben, Volkan, Pacheco-Sanchez, David, Padilla-Valverde, David, Pai, Madhava, Paiella, Salvatore, Paisley, Samuel, Palini, Gianmarco, Palmeri, Matteo, Panahi, Pedram, Parente, Alessandro, Parlanti, Daniele, Parmar, Chetan, Pascual, Angela, Patel, Mahul, Pathak, Abhijit, Patil, Sangram, Pattyn, Piet, Peckham-Cooper, Adam, Pedrazzani, Corrado, Pellino, Gianluca, Peluso, Chiara, Pereira, André, Pereira-Neves, António, Perez-Diaz, MD, Pérez-González, Marta, Pérez-Saborido, Baltasar, Perivoliotis, Konstantinos, Perkins, Clare, Peros, Georgios, Perotto, Ornella, Perra, Teresa, Petrone, Patrizio, Phenix, George, Picazo, Sara, Picon-Rodriguez, Rafael, Piloni, Martina, Pingarrón-Martín, Lorena, Pinotti, Enrico, Pisanu, Adolfo, Pizzini, Paolo, Pockney, Peter, Podda, Mauro, Podolsky, Dina, Poggioli, Gilberto, Pompili, Cecilia, Pontari, Michael, Porcu, Alberto, Potter, Ryan, Price, Claire, Pruvot, François-René, Pujol-Muncunill, Roger, Puppo, Andrea, Quante, Markus, Quintana-Villamandos, Begoña, Qureshi, Ali, Radenkovic, Dejan, Rakvin, Ivan, Ramallo-Solís, Irene, Ramcharan, Sean, Ramos, Diego, Ramos-Bonilla, Antonio, Ramzi, Joussi, Rathinam, Sridhar, Rausa, Emanuele, Ravaioli, Matteo, Ravindran, Sharanya, Raymond, Thomas, Razik, Aisha, Redfern, Jennifer, Reguera-Rosal, Julio, Rela, Mariam, Rey-Biel, Juan, Rey-Valcarcel, Cristina, Ribolla, Marta, Richards, Tomos, Richmond, Michael, Righini, Erminio, Rio-Gomez, Javier, Riyat, Harjoat, Rizvi, Sana, Roberts, Keith, Roberts, Matthew, Robertson, Stuart, Robertson, Ronald, Robin-Valle, Alvaro, Rochon, Melissa, Rojo, Mikel, Rolli, Luigi, Romano, Silvio, Ross, Elizabeth, Ross, Howard, Rossborough, Catherine, Rottoli, Matteo, Ruiz-Grande, Fernando, Ruiz-Martin, Irene, Ruiz-Soriano, María, Ruzzenente, Andrea, Ryska, Ondrej, Saez, Carlos, Sagnotta, Andrea, Sahnan, Kapil, Sahni, Arun, Salim, Ali, Sallam, Ibrahim, Salvia, Roberto, Samadov, Elgun, Sammarco, Giuseppe, Sampaio-Alves, Mafalda, Sánchez-Arteaga, Alejandro, Sanchez-Fuentes, Maria-Nieves, Sanchez-Pelaez, Daniel, Sanchez-Perez, Coral, Sanchez-Rubio, Maria, Sancho-Muriel, Jorge, Sanders, Julie, Santero-Ramirez, Maria-Pilar, Santora, Thomas, Santoro, Antonio, Santos, Irene, Santos-Sousa, Hugo, Sapienza, Paolo, Sartarelli, Lodovico, Sarveswaran, Janahan, Sasia, Diego, Saudemont, Alain, Saudi-Moro, Sef, Saxena, Shobhit, Saxena, Dolly, Sayasneh, Ahmad, Scalabre, Aurelien, Schache, Andrew, Schiavina, Riccardo, Schineis, Christian, Schreckenbach, Teresa, Scorza, Antonella, Scott, Lucy, Seegert, Sara, Seguin-Givelet, Agathe, Senent-Boza, Ana, Seymour, Keith, Shabana, Amanda, Shah, Karishma, Shah, Jigar, Shah, Preena, Shah, Sujay, Shakir, Taner, Shalaby, Mostafa, Shankar, Sushma, Shaw, Richard, Shehata, Sameh, Shenfine, Amy, Sheridan, Kelda, Sherief, Ahmed, Sherief, Mohamed, Sherif, Mohamed, Shinkwin, Michael, Shu, Sebastian, Siaw-Acheampong, Kwabena, Sileri, Pierpaolo, Singh, Abhinav, Singh, Shailendra, Sinha, Sanjay, Sinha, Deepti, Siragusa, Leandro, Sivaprakasam, Rajesh, Sivayoganathan, Sriharan, Smillie, Robert, Smith, Claire, Smith, Andrew, Smith, Christopher, Sochorova, Dana, Soggiu, Fiammetta, Sohrabi, Catrin, Solari, Francesca, Solli, Piergiorgio, Soreide, Kjetil, Spinelli, Antonino, Spoletini, Domenico, Spriano, Giuseppe, Sravanam, Sanskrithi, Ssentongo, Paddy, Stanger, Sophie, Stavroulias, Dionisios, Steel, Ben, Stella, Marco, Stewart, Robbie, Stringer, Sally, Sulen, Nina, Sundar, Sudha, Sundhu, Matthew, Suri, Avni, Syed, Arooj, Szatmary, Peter, Tabiri, Stephen, Tadross, Daniel, Taglietti, Lucio, Tansey, Rosamond, Tartaglia, Dario, Tawheed, Ahmed, Tayeh, Salim, Teles, Tobias, Testa, Valentina, Tewari, Nilanjana, Thoenissen, Philipp, Thomas, Kane, Thomin, Anne, Thrush, Jessica, Tierney, Sean, Tiwari, Abhinav, Toh, Simon, Toledo, Enrique, Tonini, Valeria, Torkington, Jared, Torquati, Alfonso, Torzilli, Guido, Totty, Joshua, Tourountzi, Paraskevi, Tousidonis, Manuel, Townend, Philip, Townsend, Catherine, Trompeter, Alex, Trotta, Francesco, Truant, Stéphanie, Trujillo-Díaz, Jeancarlos, Tsoulfas, Georgios, Turco, Celia, Turrado-Rodriguez, Victor, Turri, Giulia, Tustin, Harry, Tyler, Jayne, Tzedakis, Stylianos, Tzovaras, George, Uittenbogaart, Martine, Ullah, Ramzan, Urban, Shane, Urbani, Alessia, Usai, Antonella, Vaccarella, Gianpaolo, Valdes-Hernandez, Javier, Valsecchi, Luca, Vashisht, Rajiv, Vázquez-Fernández, Andrea, Venn, Mary, Vera-Mansilla, Cristina, Vergari, Roberto, Vescio, Giuseppina, Vidya, Raghavan, Vieira, Paula, Vijay, Vardhini, Vimalachandran, Dale, Violante, Tommaso, Volpe, Anita, Vovola, Fernanda, Vulliamy, Paul, Wall, Rosemary, Wallwork, Kate, Ward, Alex, Warwick, David, Waseem, Saima, Weaver, Helen, Wells, Fiona, Wen, Jiaxin, West, Raha, Whitehall, Emma, Wild, Laura, Wilkins, Alex, Williams, Gethin, Williams, Matthew, Winnand, Philipp, Wong, Ken, Worku, Dawit, Wright, Naomi, Yalamanchili, Seema, Yershov, Danylo, Yildiz, Alp, Young, Richard, Yurttas, Can, Zadegan, Frederic, Zafar, Noman, Zakaria, Rasheed, Zambon, Martina, Zanini, Nicola, Zarate, Alba, Zerbib, Philippe, Zizzo, Maurizio, Zmora, Oded, Zonta, Sandro, van Berge Henegouwen, Mark I, van der Plas, Willemijn Y, Ali, Inthekab Ali Mohamed, Bakri, Nur Amalina Che, Bauset, Juan Carlos Catalá, Abou Chaar, Mohamad K, Marino Cosentino, Luigi MP, Gómez Díaz, Carlos J, Garcia Galocha, Jose L, de Gheldere, Charles, Ataíde Gomes, Gustavo Mendonça, Beltrán de Heredia, Juan, Blazer III, Dan G, Nugent III, William C, Ali karar, Ali A, Borja De Lacy, F, Blas Laina, Juan luis, Shane Lester, Madan Jha, Liyanage, Aloka S D, Al Maadany, Faraj S, De Marchi, Joshua A, Ramos-De la Medina, Antonio, Mithany, Reda H M, Sanchez del Pueblo, Cristina, van Ramshorst, Gabriëlle, De Salas, Maria Marqueta, De Souza, Anthony C, Dolores Del Toro, M, Archer, James E, Odeh, Abdulrahman, Erridge, Simon, Salem, Hosni Khairy, Jones, Gareth P, Gardner, Anne, Tripathi, Shiva S, Gregg, Anne, Jeganathan, Reuben, Siddique, Muhammad Harris, Lombardi, Celestino P, Martin, Benjamin, Leo, Cosimo Alex, Dass, Debashis, Di Franco, Gregorio, Jiao, Long R, Mari, Giulio Maria, Capitan-Morales, Luis-Cristobal, Connelly, Tara M, Alanbuki, Ammar, De Virgilio, Armando, Schilling, Clare, San Miguel Mendez, Carlos, Kulkarni, Gauri, Nizami, Kulsoom, Walsh, Stewart, Dean, Harry, Ruiz-Marin, Miguel, Houston, Rory, Trompetto, Mario, Chrastek, David, Kouritas, Vasileios, Cannoletta, Maria, Rosato, Francesco, Kaushal, Manish V, Costa, Paulo Matos, Elkadi, Hannah H, Johnstone, Jack R, Irvine, Esmee, Alvarez, Maria R, Corbellini, Carlo, Venkatesan, Gowtham S, Mateo-Sierra, Olga, Martínez-Pérez, Carolina, Serrano González, Javier, Hernández Bartolomé, Miguel Ángel, Díaz Pérez, David, Gutiérrez Samaniego, María, Galindo Jara, Pablo, Sharma, Neil, Smart, Neil J, Keller, Deborah S, COVIDsurg Collaborative, [missing], Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Glasbey, James C, Li, Elizabeth, Omar, Omar M, Simoes, Joana FF, Abbott, Tom EF, Alser, Osaid, Arnaud, Alexis P, Bankhead-Kendall, Brittany K, Breen, Kerry A, Cunha, Miguel F, Davidson, Giana H, Di Saverio, Salomone, Gallo, Gaetano, Griffiths, Ewen A, Gujjuri, Rohan R, Hutchinson, Peter J, Kaafarani, Haytham MA, Lederhuber, Han, Löffler, Markus W, Mashbari, Hassan N, Minaya-Bravo, Ana, Morton, Dion G, Moszkowicz, David, Pata, Francesco, Tsoulfas, George, Venn, Mary L, Bhangu, Aneel, Cox, Daniel, Roslani, April C, Alakaloko, Felix, de Vries, Jean-Paul PM, Aaraj, Mahmoud A, Abbott, Sarah J, Abdalla, Mutwakil OM, Abdelaal, Ahmed S, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O, Aherne, Thomas M, Ali, Osman M, Alkadeeki, Ghadah Z, Almeida, Ana C, Alrahawy, Mahmoud M, Ambler, Graeme K, Alameer, Ehab, Andreani, Stefano M, De Andrés-Asenjo, Beatriz, Antonanzas, Leyre Lopez, Aoun, Salah G, Ashoush, Fouad M, Augestad, Knut Magne, Avellana, Rocio B, Ayeni, Funbi A, Ayorinde, John OO, Babu, Bheemanakone H, Baig, Mirza MAS, Bajomo, Oreoluwa M, Baker, Olivia J, Baker, Markus P, Baldwin, Alexander J, Ban, Vin Shen, Baron, Ryan D, Barranquero, Alberto G, Barry, Conor P, DI Bartolomeo, Alessandro, Bass, Gary A, Bath, Michael F, Batjer, H Hunt, Beamish, Andrew J, Belgaumkar, Ajay P, Bence, Matthew N, Benson, Ruth A, Bernal-Sprekelsen, Juan Carlo, Bhama, Anuradha R, Bhavaraju, Avi V, Biffl, Walter L, Blundell, Chris M, Boddy, Alexander P, Borgstein, Alexander BJ, Bosanquet, David C, Bosch, Karen D, Bouhuwaish, Ahmad EM, Bozkurt, Mehmet A, Brathwaite, Collin EM, Brown, Benjamin C, Brown, Oliver D, Brown, Allison K, Buarque, Igor Lima, Bueno-Cañones, Alejandro D, Bulugma, Mustafa R, Burke, Joshua R, Byrne, Matthew HV, Cagigal-Ortega, Elima P, Callcut, Rachael A, DI Candido, Francesca, Canova, Michaela E, Carlos, William J, Caruana, Edward J, Cato, Liam D, Catton, Andrew B, Ceretti, Andrea Pisani, Chase, Thomas JG, Chiara, Francesco Di, Chowdhury, Abeed H, Chung, Eric A, Cicerchia, Pierfranco M, Clough, Ethan CS, Coleman, Natasha L, Collins, Chris G, Collins, Michelle L, Colonna, Emily T, Comini, Lara V, Connolly, Tara M, Coughlin, Patrick A, Cruzado, Laura Fernández-Gomez, Davidson, Brian R, Davies, Richard J, Davies, Emma J, Davis, Niall F, Dawson, Brett E, Dean, Benjamin JF, Delgado, Maria Garcia-Conde, Diaz, Jose J, Dickson, Kathryn E, Diez-Alonso, Manuel M, Dixon, Jan R, Doe, Matthew J, Drake, Thomas D, Drake, Frederick T, Duffy, John P, Dunne, Declan FJ, Dunne, Naomi JM, Durán-Muñoz-Cruzado, Virginia M, Durst, Alexander ZE, Eardley, Nicola J, Edwards, John G, Elfallal, Ahmed H, Elfiky, Mahmoud MA, Elliott, Jessie A, Emile, Sameh H, Emslie, Katy M, Endorf, Frederick W, Engel, Jamie L, Enjuto, Diego T, Etchill, Eric W, Evans, Jonathan P, Fahey, Brian A, Faria, Carlos S, Feo, Carlo V, Ferguson, Henry JM, Fernandez, Beatriz Dieguez, Fernandez, Andres Garcia, Fernández, Antonio J, Fernández-Pacheco, Borja Camacho, Fitzgerald, J Edward, Fonsi, Giovanni B, Font, Roser Farré, Fowler, Amy L, Franco, Gregorio Di, Fretwell, Kenneth R, Fructuoso, Lorena Sanchon, Fusai, Giuseppe K, Garcia, Miguel Hernandez, Garcia-Ureña, Miguel Angel, Gill, Charn K, Gisbertz, Suzanne S, Del Giudice, Roberto, Giuffrida, Maria Carmela, Di Giuseppe, Matteo, Gómez, María Fanjul, González, Javier Serrano, Guariglia, Claudio A, Hainsworth, Alison J, Hall, Bria J, Hall, James RW, Hammond, John S, Haqqani, Maha H, Harrison, Ewen M, Hazelton, Joshua P, van Heinsbergen, Maarten, Hill, Arnold DK, Hing, Caroline B, Hirji, Sameer A, Ho, Michael WS, Holbrook, Charlotte M, Holme, Thomas J, Hopkins, James C, Hopkinson, David N, Hossain, Fahad S, Hudson, Victoria E, Hughes, Jane L, Hwang, E. Shelley, Ibrahim, Mohamed AH, Isolani, Simone M, Jara, Pablo Galindo, Jenkinson, Michael D, Jenny, Hillary E, Jeyaretna, Deva S, Jones, Robert P, Jones, Andrew P, Jonker, Pascal KC, Jönsson, Maria L, Joyce, Doireann P, Kalkwarf, Kyle J, Kamarajah, Sivesh K, El Kassas, Mohamed, Kavanagh, Dara O, Keatley, James M, Khalefa, Mohamed A, Khan, Jim S, Kirmani, Bilal H, Kisiel, Aaron P, Kouris, Spyros Marino, Kowal, Mikolaj R, Labib, Peter L, Larkin, John O, Lauscher, Johannes C, Leclercq, Wouter KG, Ledesma, Frances SJ, Leite-Moreira, André M, Leung, Elaine YL, Lewis, Sophia E, Lima, Maria João, Lin, Daniel J, Liu, Helen H, Lowery, Aoife J, Lozano, Saida Martel, Luney, Catriona R, Maia, Mariana Magalhãe, Mariani, Nicolò M, Marino, Marco V, Marra, Angelo A, Marsh, Christopher L, Martin, Robert CG, Mccluney, Simon J, Mcintyre, Robert C, Mckay, Siobhan C, Mckevitt, Kevin L, Meagher, Ashley D, Mehdi, Mohammad Q, Mehigan, Brian J, Gonzalez-De Miguel, Melania, De Miguel-Ardevines, Maria-Carmen, Miguel-Mendez, Carlos San, Mills, Sarah J, Mohan, Helen M, Moir, John AG, Monson, John RT, Monteiro, Joana M, Montella, Maria T, Montesinos, Cristina Soto, Morgom, Marwa M, Moura, Francisco S, Muguerza, Jose M, Murphy, Suzanne H, De Nardi, Paola, Naumann, David N, Neary, Paul C, Neely, David TA, Ng-Kamstra, Joshua S, Ngu, Albert WT, Nguyen, Truong A, Nita, George E, Nunes, Quentin M, Nygaard, Rachel M, O'Meara, Lindsay B, O'Neill, John R, Okafor, Barbara U, Olson, Steven A, Oo, Aung Y, Ormazabal, Pablo Collera, Osorio, Alexander L, Pachl, Max J, Parry, James T, Patel, Panna K, Pérez, David Díaz, Pérez, Carolina Martínez, Pérez-Sánchez, Luis E, Pevidal, Ana Nogue, Pezzuto, Anna P, Philp, Matthew M, Pinkney, Thomas D, Pollok, Joerg M, Povey, Meical G, Poza, Alfredo Alonso, Rajgor, Amarkumar D, Rao, Jagan N, Raptis, Dimitri A, Rice, Henry E, Ridgway, Paul F, Rivas, Ana Munoz, Rodriguez-Sanjuan, Juan C, Rogers, Luke J, Da Roit, Anna, Rollett, Rebecca A, Romera, Jose L, Rooney, Siobhan M, Roxo, Vanessa I, Le Roy, Bertrand, Rubio, Eduardo E, Ruiz, Carolina Castro, Ruiz, Manuel Losada, Ryan, Éanna J, Saad, Abdel Rahman, Saeed, Samerah A, Salama, Hiba A, Salamah, Abdulrauf A, Samaniego, María Gutiérrez, Sampietro, Gianluca M, Sarma, Diwakar R, Schaffer, Kathryn B, Schnitzbauer, Andreas A, Scurrah, Rachel J, Serevina, Olivia L, Serralheiro, Pedro A, Sewards, Joseph M, Shackcloth, Michael J, Shaw, Abigail V, Sheel, Andrea RG, Sica, Giuseppe S, De Simone, Veronica, Singh, Aminder A, Singh, Rabindra P, Skelly, Brendan L, Smith, Henry G, Sohail, Amir H, Spalding, Duncan R, Springford, Laurie R, Ssentongo, Anna E, Steinkamp, Pieter J, Stevens, Kent A, Stewart, Grant D, Stylianides, Nicholas A, Sullivan, Tom BB, Taher, Ahmed SA, Tamimy, Muhammad S, Tang, Alethea M, Tebala, Giovanni D, Tejero-Pintor, Francisco J, Thaha, Mohamed A, Thomas, Amy J, De Toma, Giorgio, La Torre, Filippo, Torres, Antonio J, Townshend, David N, Trout, Isobel M, Tucker, Sarah C, Ubhi, Harmony K, Vega, Viviana A, Velmahos, George C, Velopulos, Catherine G, Viswanath, Yirupaiahgari KS, Vivas, Alfredo A, Wade, Ryckie G, Wadley, Martin S, Wall, Joshua JS, Walters, Andrew M, Warren, Oliver J, Weerasinghe, Chamindri K, Wilkin, Richard JW, Williams, Katherine J, Winter, Stuart C, Wormald, Justin CR, Wright, Franklin L, Xyda, Souzana E, Young, Alastair L, Youssef, Mina MG, Yousuf, Farhat B, El Youzouri, Hanan, Zappa, Marco A, Abate, Emmanuele, Abdalaziz, Hossam, Abdelkarim, Mostafa, Abdou, Hossam, Aboelkassem-Ibrahim, Ahmad, Abuown, Ala, Acebes-Garcia, Fernando, Acharya, Metesh, Adamina, Michel, Addae-Boateng, Emmanuel, Aftab, Raiyyan, Agarwal, Arnav, Aguilar, José, Ahmed, Yousra, Aitken, Emma, Al-Azzawi, Marwa, Al-Embideen, Somya, Al-Masri, Mahmoud, Al-Najjar, Hani, Al-Sukaini, Ahmad, Alam, Ruhina, Alderson, Derek, Aliyeva, Zumrud, Aljanadi, Fira, Almasri, Murad, Alonso-Ortuño, Paula, Altintoprak, Fatih, Amira, Gamal, Amjad, Rabbia, Anania, Gabriele, Andabaka, Tatjana, Angelou, Dimitrio, Annamalai, Seethalakshmi, Annessi, Valerio, Anthoney, Jame, Anwar, Sibtain, Anwer, Mariyah, Aragon-Chamizo, Juan, Ardito, Antonella, Arigoni, Michele, Armao, Teodora, Arminio, Armando, Armstrong, Lara, Arnaud, Alexi, Asaad, Peter, Ashcroft, Jame, Ashmore, Christopher, Asqalan, Ahmad, Asti, Emanuele, Aubry, Emmanuelle, Aytac, Erman, Ayuso-Herrera, Esther, Baeza, Melody, Bailon-Cuadrado, Martin, Bakmaz, Bernarda, Baldi, Caterina, Baldini, Edoardo, Baldo, Stefano, Ballabio, Michele, Baloyiannis, Ioanni, Baltazar, Gerard, Bàmbina, Fabrizio, Bandiera, Alessandro, Barlow, Emma, Barmasse, Roberto, Barmpagianni, Christina, Baronio, Gianluca, Barra, Fabio, Bartsch, Anne-Marie, Basgaran, Amedra, Basha, Amr, Bashkirova, Varvara, Bastazza, Marco, Baumber, Rachel, Belcher, Elizabeth, Belvedere, Angela, Benítez-Linero, Inmaculada, Bergeat, Damien, Bernasconi, Matteo, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhutiani, Neal, Bianco, Federica, Bisagni, Pietro, Blake, Iain, Blanco-Colino, Ruth, Blazquez-Martin, Alma, Boal, Matthew, Bonavina, Luigi, Bonavina, Giulia, Bond-Smith, Gile, Booth, Karen, Borges, Filipe, Borghi, Felice, Bouchagier, Konstantino, Bourke, Grainne, Boyle, Emily, Brachini, Gioia, Brain, Jessie, Brar, Amanpreet, Breckles, Lisa, Bretagnol, Frédéric, Brixton, Genevieve, Bruzzaniti, Placido, Bueser, Teofila, Burnside, Nathan, Caballero, Albert, Calcerrada-Alises, Enrique, Callahan, Miriam, Camarero, Enrique, Campagnaro, Tommaso, Campanelli, Michela, Candiani, Massimo, Cannoletta, Marina, Cantalejo-Diaz, Miguel, Cao, Han, Capelli, Patrizio, Capizzi, Vita, Carcano, Giulio, Carissimi, Francesca, Carlini, Massimo, Carlucci, Michele, Carmichael, Heather, Carrasco, Milagro, Carrillo, Mariana, Carvello, Michele, Casati, Massimiliano, Castoro, Carlo, Catalan, Vanesa, Cavaleiro, Salomé, Cellerino, Paola, Centinaio, Giovanna, Cernei, Cristina, Cerro, Cristina, Cervellera, Maurizio, Chakrabortee, Sohini, Chamberlain, Stephanie, Chan, Jeffrey, Chang, Grace, Chaudhry, Dauod, Chebaro, Alexandre, Chen, David, Chetty, Govind, Chia, Zoe, Chiappini, Ambra, Chiarugi, Massimo, Chidambaram, Swathikan, Chiozza, Matteo, Cholewa, Hanna, Chong, Clara, Choolani-Bhojwani, Ekta, Christoforidis, Dimitri, Chui, Karen, Chung, Choyin, Cirillo, Bruno, Citterio, Davide, Clermidi, Pauline, Coccolini, Federico, Colletti, Gaia, Compagnoni, Bruno, Concepción-Martín, Vanesa, Confalonieri, Marco, Connolly, Hannah, Conso, Christel, Conti, Luigi, Cooper, Zara, Corbellin, Carlo, Cordera, Fernando, Corral, Javier, Costa, Marta, Costanzi, Andrea, Cotsoglou, Christian, Cozza, Valerio, Cuming, Tamzin, Curtis, Mile, Cuschieri, Joseph, D'Agruma, Michele, D'Andrea, Giancarlo, Daliya, Prita, Dare, Oliver, Darko, Ebenezer, Day, Andrew, Dehal, Ahmed, Dehart, Dustin, Delgado-Oliver, Eduardo, Denning, Max, Desai, Anant, Desender, Liesbeth, Dester, Sara, Díaz-García, Alberto, Diaz-Peña, Patricia, Dousset, Bertrand, Doussot, Alexandre, Duchateau, Nicola, Duff, Sarah, Dunning, Joel, Duque-Mallen, Victoria, Dziakova, Jana, Egan, Bridget, Egan, Richard, El-Ali, Abe, Elfeki, Hossam, Elhadi, Muhammed, Eljareh, Mohammed, Elkadi, Hannah, Elkady, Ramy, Elkhafeefi, Fatimah, Elmore, Ugo, Elmoslemany, Tarek, Emmerson, Oliver, Enemosah, Ibrahim, English, Camilla, English, William, Ereidge, Simon, Escartin, Jorge, Estaire-Gomez, Mercede, Evans, Luke, Evans, Jessica, Exley, Rebecca, Fabbri, Nicoló, Falco, Giuseppe, Familiari, Pietro, Fancellu, Alessandro, Farik, Shebani, Farrell, Tony, Fehervari, Matya, Fell, Adam, Fernandez-Camuñas, Angel, Fernández-Marín, Reye, Fernández-Martínez, María, Ferrara, Francesco, Ferrari, Guglielmo, Ferrero, Simone, Findlay, Laura, Fiore, Marco, Fiori, Enrico, Flatman, Michael, Flindall, Ian, Flor, Bla, Fontana, Tommaso, Ford, Samuel, Ford, David, Forlani, Stefano, Francone, Elisa, Frattaruolo, Colomba, Frio, Federico, Gagliano, Annalisa, Gagliardi, Filippo, Gahunia, Sukhpreet, Gaino, Francesca, Gala, Tanzeela, Galfrascoli, Elisa, Galimberti, Luca, Gallagher, Phoebe, Galleano, Raffaele, Galván-Pérez, Armando, Gammeri, Emanuele, Ganau, Mario, Garcés-García, Raúl, Garulli, Gianluca, Gascon-Ferrer, Isabel, Gattolin, Andrea, Gaujoux, Sebastien, Gentilli, Sergio, Georgiades, Fanourio, Ghanbari, Amir, Ghosh, Dhruv, Giacometti, Marco, Giblin, Anna-Victoria, Gilbert, Catherine, Giménez, Clara, Giorgakis, Emmanouil, Gipponi, Manuel, Glen, Paul, Goatly, Gile, Gobatti, Davide, Godbole, Chintamani, Gohil, Kajal, Gómez, Marco, Gomez-Rosado, Juan-Carlo, Gonullu, Emre, Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Enrique, Gordini, Luca, Gracia, Isabel, Gracia-Roche, Carlo, Granieri, Stefano, Green, Susanna, Grivon, Manuela, Grove, Thoma, Guaglio, Marcello, Guaitoli, Eleonora, Guglielmi, Alfredo, Guha, Soumya, Gustavino, Claudio, Habeeb, Amir, Hagger, Robert, Hakmi, Hazim, Halkias, Constantine, Hall, Claire, Hampton, Matthew, Handa, Siddhartha, Hansen, Laura, Haq, Iram, Harky, Amer, Harries, Rhiannon, Harrison, Joseph, Hasan, Raashad, Hawari, Mohammad, Hawkin, Paul, Hebblethwaite, Bethany, Henriques, Susana, Heritage, Emily, Hernandez-Juara, Pilar, Herrero-Lopez, Maria, Hervieux, Erik, Heyd, Bruno, Higgs, Simon, Hitchman, Louise, Ho, Beatrice, Hogan, Aisling, Hölzle, Frank, Hossain, Tanvir, Houston, Roy, Hurt, Libor, Hutchinson, Peter, Iacob, Giulio, Iannone, Immacolata, Ibrahim, Sherif, Iovino, Domenico, Isik, Arda, Jafarova, Sevda, Jamil, Tahir, Jayaraju, Ulla, Jenner, Edward, Jimenez-Higuera, Elisa, Jimeno, Jaime, Johnstone, Jack, Jones, Mark, Judkins, Nichola, Kalavrezos, Nichola, Kalidindi, Venugopala, Kalkat, Maninder, Kamal, Mona, Kamphues, Carsten, Kang, Chong, Kara, Yasin, Karam, Edward, Karim, Ahmed, Kashora, Florence, Kearney, David, Khajuria, Apoorva, Khan, Umul, Khan, Azam, Khatri, Chetan, Kinnaman, Gabriel, Kinross, Jame, Kler, Aaron, Klimopoulos, Serafeim, Kocataş, Ali, Kolias, Angelo, Königsrainer, Alfred, Konsten, Joop, Kontovounisios, Christo, Kourdouli, Amar, Krishnan, Emily, Kristinsson, Sverrir, Kruijff, Schelto, Kudsk-Iversen, Søren, Kufeji, Dorothy, Kugler, Nadav, Kulkarni, Rugved, Kurihara, Hayato, Laface, Letizia, Lakkis, Zaher, Lami, Mariam, Landaluce-Olavarria, Aitor, Lapolla, Pierfrancesco, Lawani, Ismail, Lawday, Samuel, Lázaro, André, Lecolle, Katia, Leventoglu, Sezai, Li, Zoe, Liew, Ignatiu, Lisi, Giorgio, Lizzi, Vincenzo, Lo, Terence, Lomiento, Daniele, Longhi, Marco, Lostis, Emilie, Lostoridis, Eftychio, Loubani, Mahmoud, Lowy-Benoliel, Alejandro, Lucianetti, Alessandro, Luke, Loui, Lunevicius, Raimunda, Luraghi, Marco, Lye, George, Mabrouk, Islam, Macchi, Alberto, Macdonald, Luisa, Machairas, Nikolao, Madonini, Marco, Magowan, Drew, Maisonneuve, Emeline, Majkowska, Agata, Majkowski, Lawrence, Mak, Jason, Malabarba, Stefano, Malerba, Michele, Mannan, Syed, Manson, Joanna, Mansuri, Ahmer, Mantoglu, Bari, Manu, Nichola, Maqsood, Afnan, Marano, Alessandra, Marchbank, Adrian, Marcos-Santos, Pablo, Marrano, Enrico, Martin, Janet, Martin, Emmeline, Martin, Guy, Martin-Albo, Lorena, Martín-Román, Lorena, Martinelli, Fabio, Martínez-dePaz, Fernando, Martinez-German, Antonio, Martinez-Pinedo, Carlo, Martins, Ricardo, Marwan, Hisham, Marzi, Federica, Mateos-Sierra, Olga, Mathieu, Pierre, Matute-Najarro, Maria-Soledad, Maw, Andrew, Mazingi, Denni, Mazzaferro, Vincenzo, Mccanny, Andrew, Mckenzie, Katherine, Mclarty, Nicola, Mcpherson, Iain, Medina, Esther, Mediratta, Saniya, Medone, Marzia, Mehra, Gautam, Mele, Simone, Melero-Cortés, Lidia, Mendoza-Moreno, Fernando, Meneghini, Simona, Mercante, Giuseppe, Merdrignac, Aude, Merola, Stephen, Metallidis, Symeon, Michel, Martin, Migliore, Marco, Mihanovic, Jakov, Miller, Dougla, Mingoli, Andrea, Minto, Gary, Mirabella, Antonello, Misra, Nikhil, Mitrasinovic, Stefan, Miu, Victor, Moawad, Nader, Mochet, Sylvie, Modabber, Ali, Mohammad, Adam, Mohan, Midhun, Moliner-Sánchez, Carmen, Mongelli, Francesco, Monteleone, Michela, Montuori, Mauro, Moore, Rachel, Mora-Guzmán, Ismael, Morales, Xavier, Morales, Dieter, Morelli, Luca, Morelli, Lucia, Morgan, Richard, Morris, Chri, Mortini, Pietro, Mosca, Angelo, Motter, Dema, Moug, Susan, Mukherjee, Samrat, Najdy, Manhal, Nakas, Apostolo, Namazov, Ilgar, Naredla, Pradyumna, Nasef, Emmhamed, Nassa, Heeam, Nath, Rahul, Navarro-Sánchez, Antonio, Nazarian, Scarlet, Negri, Giampiero, Nehra, Deepika, Neil-Dwyer, Jason, Neri, Jacopo, Newton, Katy, Nikaj, Herald, Niquen, Milagro, Nobile, Sara, Nogueiro, Jorge, Ntirenganya, Faustin, Nugent, Michael, Núñez, Jordi, Ocaña, Juan, Okechukwu, Valentine, Oliva-Mompean, Fernando, Oliveira, Ana, Ollat, Didier, Onos, Lavinia, Osagie-Clouard, Liza, Osman, Khabab, Ottolina, Jessica, Ourieff, Jared, Outani, Oumaima, Oyewole, Bankole, Ozben, Volkan, Pacheco-Sanchez, David, Padilla-Valverde, David, Pai, Madhava, Paiella, Salvatore, Paisley, Samuel, Palini, Gianmarco, Palmeri, Matteo, Panahi, Pedram, Parente, Alessandro, Parlanti, Daniele, Parmar, Chetan, Pascual, Angela, Patel, Mahul, Pathak, Abhijit, Patil, Sangram, Pattyn, Piet, Peckham-Cooper, Adam, Pedrazzani, Corrado, Pellino, Gianluca, Peluso, Chiara, Pereira, André, Pereira-Neves, António, Perez-Diaz, Md, Pérez-González, Marta, Pérez-Saborido, Baltasar, Perivoliotis, Konstantino, Perkins, Clare, Peros, Georgio, Perotto, Ornella, Perra, Teresa, Petrone, Patrizio, Phenix, George, Picazo, Sara, Picon-Rodriguez, Rafael, Piloni, Martina, Pingarrón-Martín, Lorena, Pinotti, Enrico, Pisanu, Adolfo, Pizzini, Paolo, Pockney, Peter, Podda, Mauro, Podolsky, Dina, Poggioli, Gilberto, Pompili, Cecilia, Pontari, Michael, Porcu, Alberto, Potter, Ryan, Price, Claire, Pruvot, François-René, Pujol-Muncunill, Roger, Puppo, Andrea, Quante, Marku, Quintana-Villamandos, Begoña, Qureshi, Ali, Radenkovic, Dejan, Rakvin, Ivan, Ramallo-Solís, Irene, Ramcharan, Sean, Ramos, Diego, Ramos-Bonilla, Antonio, Ramzi, Joussi, Rathinam, Sridhar, Rausa, Emanuele, Ravaioli, Matteo, Ravindran, Sharanya, Raymond, Thoma, Razik, Aisha, Redfern, Jennifer, Reguera-Rosal, Julio, Rela, Mariam, Rey-Biel, Juan, Rey-Valcarcel, Cristina, Ribolla, Marta, Richards, Tomo, Richmond, Michael, Righini, Erminio, Rio-Gomez, Javier, Riyat, Harjoat, Rizvi, Sana, Roberts, Keith, Roberts, Matthew, Robertson, Stuart, Robertson, Ronald, Robin-Valle, Alvaro, Rochon, Melissa, Rojo, Mikel, Rolli, Luigi, Romano, Silvio, Ross, Elizabeth, Ross, Howard, Rossborough, Catherine, Rottoli, Matteo, Ruiz, Miguel, Ruiz-Grande, Fernando, Ruiz-Martin, Irene, Ruiz-Soriano, María, Ruzzenente, Andrea, Ryska, Ondrej, Saez, Carlo, Sagnotta, Andrea, Sahnan, Kapil, Sahni, Arun, Salim, Ali, Sallam, Ibrahim, Salvia, Roberto, Samadov, Elgun, Sammarco, Giuseppe, Sampaio-Alves, Mafalda, Sánchez-Arteaga, Alejandro, Sanchez-Fuentes, Maria-Nieve, Sanchez-Pelaez, Daniel, Sanchez-Perez, Coral, Sanchez-Rubio, Maria, Sancho-Muriel, Jorge, Sanders, Julie, Santero-Ramirez, Maria-Pilar, Santora, Thoma, Santoro, Antonio, Santos, Irene, Santos-Sousa, Hugo, Sapienza, Paolo, Sartarelli, Lodovico, Sarveswaran, Janahan, Sasia, Diego, Saudemont, Alain, Saudi-Moro, Sef, Saxena, Shobhit, Saxena, Dolly, Sayasneh, Ahmad, Scalabre, Aurelien, Schache, Andrew, Schiavina, Riccardo, Schineis, Christian, Schreckenbach, Teresa, Scorza, Antonella, Scott, Lucy, Seegert, Sara, Seguin-Givelet, Agathe, Senent-Boza, Ana, Seymour, Keith, Shabana, Amanda, Shah, Karishma, Shah, Jigar, Shah, Preena, Shah, Sujay, Shakir, Taner, Shalaby, Mostafa, Shankar, Sushma, Shaw, Richard, Shehata, Sameh, Shenfine, Amy, Sheridan, Kelda, Sherief, Ahmed, Sherief, Mohamed, Sherif, Mohamed, Shinkwin, Michael, Shu, Sebastian, Siaw-Acheampong, Kwabena, Sileri, Pierpaolo, Singh, Abhinav, Singh, Shailendra, Sinha, Sanjay, Sinha, Deepti, Siragusa, Leandro, Sivaprakasam, Rajesh, Sivayoganathan, Sriharan, Smillie, Robert, Smith, Claire, Smith, Andrew, Smith, Christopher, Sochorova, Dana, Soggiu, Fiammetta, Sohrabi, Catrin, Solari, Francesca, Solli, Piergiorgio, Soreide, Kjetil, Spinelli, Antonino, Spoletini, Domenico, Spriano, Giuseppe, Sravanam, Sanskrithi, Ssentongo, Paddy, Stanger, Sophie, Stavroulias, Dionisio, Steel, Ben, Stella, Marco, Stewart, Robbie, Stringer, Sally, Sulen, Nina, Sundar, Sudha, Sundhu, Matthew, Suri, Avni, Syed, Arooj, Szatmary, Peter, Tabiri, Stephen, Tadross, Daniel, Taglietti, Lucio, Tansey, Rosamond, Tartaglia, Dario, Tawheed, Ahmed, Tayeh, Salim, Teles, Tobia, Testa, Valentina, Tewari, Nilanjana, Thoenissen, Philipp, Thomas, Kane, Thomin, Anne, Thrush, Jessica, Tierney, Sean, Tiwari, Abhinav, Toh, Simon, Toledo, Enrique, Tonini, Valeria, Torkington, Jared, Torquati, Alfonso, Torzilli, Guido, Totty, Joshua, Tourountzi, Paraskevi, Tousidonis, Manuel, Townend, Philip, Townsend, Catherine, Trompeter, Alex, Trotta, Francesco, Truant, Stéphanie, Trujillo-Díaz, Jeancarlo, Tsoulfas, Georgio, Turco, Celia, Turrado-Rodriguez, Victor, Turri, Giulia, Tustin, Harry, Tyler, Jayne, Tzedakis, Styliano, Tzovaras, George, Uittenbogaart, Martine, Ullah, Ramzan, Urban, Shane, Urbani, Alessia, Usai, Antonella, Vaccarella, Gianpaolo, Valdes-Hernandez, Javier, Valsecchi, Luca, Vashisht, Rajiv, Vázquez-Fernández, Andrea, Venkatesan, Gowtham, Venn, Mary, Vera-Mansilla, Cristina, Vergari, Roberto, Vescio, Giuseppina, Vidya, Raghavan, Vieira, Paula, Vijay, Vardhini, Vimalachandran, Dale, Violante, Tommaso, Volpe, Anita, Vovola, Fernanda, Vulliamy, Paul, Wall, Rosemary, Wallwork, Kate, Ward, Alex, Warwick, David, Waseem, Saima, Weaver, Helen, Wells, Fiona, Wen, Jiaxin, West, Raha, Whitehall, Emma, Wild, Laura, Wilkins, Alex, Williams, Gethin, Williams, Matthew, Winnand, Philipp, Wong, Ken, Worku, Dawit, Wright, Naomi, Yalamanchili, Seema, Yershov, Danylo, Yildiz, Alp, Young, Richard, Yurttas, Can, Zadegan, Frederic, Zafar, Noman, Zakaria, Rasheed, Zambon, Martina, Zanini, Nicola, Zarate, Alba, Zerbib, Philippe, Zizzo, Maurizio, Zmora, Oded, Zonta, Sandro, van Berge Henegouwen, Mark I, van der Plas, Willemijn Y, Ali, Inthekab Ali Mohamed, Bakri, Nur Amalina Che, Bartolomé, Miguel Ángel Hernández, Bauset, Juan Carlos Catalá, Abou Chaar, Mohamad K, Marino Cosentino, Luigi MP, Gómez Díaz, Carlos J, Garcia Galocha, Jose L, de Gheldere, Charles A, Ataíde Gomes, Gustavo Mendonça, Beltrán de Heredia, Juan, Blazer, Dan G, Nugent, William C, Ali karar, Ali A, Borja De Lacy, F, Blas Laina, Juan lui, Shane Lester, Madan Jha, Liyanage, Aloka S D, Al Maadany, Faraj S, De Marchi, Joshua A, Ramos-De la Medina, Antonio, Mithany, Reda H M, Sanchez del Pueblo, Cristina, van Ramshorst, Gabrielle H, De Salas, Maria Marqueta, De Souza, Anthony C, Dolores Del Toro, M, Nepogodiev D., Bhangu A., Glasbey J.C., Li E., Omar O.M., Simoes J.F., Abbott T.E., Alser O., Arnaud A.P., Bankhead-Kendall B.K., Breen K.A., Cunha M.F., Davidson G.H., Di Saverio S., Gallo G., Griffiths E.A., Gujjuri R.R., Hutchinson P.J., Kaafarani H.M., Lederhuber H., Loffler M.W., Mashbari H.N., Minaya-Bravo A., Morton D.G., Moszkowicz D., Pata F., Tsoulfas G., Venn M.L., Cox D., Roslani A.C., Alakaloko F., de Vries J.-P.P., Aaraj M.A., Abbott S.J., Abdalla M.O., Abdelaal A.S., Ademuyiwa A.O., Aherne T.M., Ali O.M., Alkadeeki G.Z., Almeida A.C., Alrahawy M.M., Ambler G.K., Alameer E., Andreani S.M., De Andres-Asenjo B., Antonanzas L.L., Aoun S.G., Ashoush F.M., Augestad K.M., Avellana R.B., Ayeni F.A., Ayorinde J.O., Babu B.H., Baig M.M., Bajomo O.M., Baker O.J., Baker M.P., Baldwin A.J., Ban V.S., Baron R.D., Barranquero A.G., Barry C.P., DI Bartolomeo A., Bass G.A., Bath M.F., Batjer H.H., Beamish A.J., Belgaumkar A.P., Bence M.N., Benson R.A., Bernal-Sprekelsen J.C., Bhama A.R., Bhavaraju A.V., Biffl W.L., Blundell C.M., Boddy A.P., Borgstein A.B., Bosanquet D.C., Bosch K.D., Bouhuwaish A.E., Bozkurt M.A., Brathwaite C.E., Brown B.C., Brown O.D., Brown A.K., Buarque I.L., Bueno-Canones A.D., Bulugma M.R., Burke J.R., Byrne M.H., Cagigal-Ortega E.P., Callcut R.A., DI Candido F., Canova M.E., Carlos W.J., Caruana E.J., Cato L.D., Catton A.B., Ceretti A.P., Chase T.J., Chiara F.D., Chowdhury A.H., Chung E.A., Cicerchia P.M., Clough E.C., Coleman N.L., Collins C.G., Collins M.L., Colonna E.T., Comini L.V., Coughlin P.A., Cruzado L.F.-G., Davidson B.R., Davies R.J., Davies E.J., Davis N.F., Dawson B.E., Dean B.J., Delgado M.G.-C., Diaz J.J., Dickson K.E., Diez-Alonso M.M., Dixon J.R., Doe M.J., Drake T.D., Drake F.T., Duffy J.P., Dunne D.F., Dunne N.J., Duran-Munoz-Cruzado V.M., Durst A.Z., Eardley N.J., Edwards J.G., Elfallal A.H., Elfiky M.M., Elliott J.A., Emile S.H., Emslie K.M., Endorf F.W., Engel J.L., Enjuto D.T., Etchill E.W., Evans J.P., Fahey B.A., Faria C.S., Feo C.V., Ferguson H.J., Fernandez B.D., Fernandez A.G., Fernandez A.J., Fernandez-Pacheco B.C., Fitzgerald J.E., Fonsi G.B., Font R.F., Fowler A.L., Fretwell K.R., Fructuoso L.S., Fusai G.K., Garcia M.H., Garcia-Urena M.A., Gill C.K., Gisbertz S.S., Del Giudice R., Giuffrida M.C., Di Giuseppe M., Gomez M.F., Guariglia C.A., Hainsworth A.J., Hall B.J., Hall J.R., Hammond J.S., Haqqani M.H., Harrison E.M., Hazelton J.P., van Heinsbergen M., Hill A.D., Hing C.B., Hirji S.A., Ho M.W., Holbrook C.M., Holme T.J., Hopkins J.C., Hopkinson D.N., Hossain F.S., Hudson V.E., Hughes J.L., Hwang E.S., Ibrahim M.A., Isolani S.M., Jenkinson M.D., Jenny H.E., Jeyaretna D.S., Jones R.P., Jones A.P., Jonker P.K., Jonsson M.L., Joyce D.P., Kalkwarf K.J., Kamarajah S.K., El Kassas M., Kavanagh D.O., Keatley J.M., Khalefa M.A., Khan J.S., Kirmani B.H., Kisiel A.P., Kouris S.M., Kowal M.R., Labib P.L., Larkin J.O., Lauscher J.C., Leclercq W.K., Ledesma F.S., Leite-Moreira A.M., Leung E.Y., Lewis S.E., Lima M.J., Lin D.J., Liu H.H., Lowery A.J., Lozano S.M., Luney C.R., Maia M.M., Mariani N.M., Marino M.V., Marra A.A., Marsh C.L., Martin R.C., McCluney S.J., McIntyre R.C., Mckay S.C., McKevitt K.L., Meagher A.D., Mehdi M.Q., Mehigan B.J., Gonzalez-De Miguel M., De Miguel-Ardevines M.-C., Mills S.J., Mohan H.M., Moir J.A., Monson J.R., Monteiro J.M., Montella M.T., Montesinos C.S., Morgom M.M., Moura F.S., Muguerza J.M., Murphy S.H., De Nardi P., Naumann D.N., Neary P.C., Neely D.T., Ng-Kamstra J.S., Ngu A.W., Nguyen T.A., Nita G.E., Nunes Q.M., Nygaard R.M., O'Meara L.B., O'Neill J.R., Okafor B.U., Olson S.A., Oo A.Y., Ormazabal P.C., Osorio A.L., Pachl M.J., Parry J.T., Patel P.K., Perez-Sanchez L.E., Pevidal A.N., Pezzuto A.P., Philp M.M., Pinkney T.D., Pollok J.M., Povey M.G., Poza A.A., Rajgor A.D., Rao J.N., Raptis D.A., Rice H.E., Ridgway P.F., Rivas A.M., Rodriguez-Sanjuan J.C., Rogers L.J., Da Roit A., Rollett R.A., Romera J.L., Rooney S.M., Roxo V.I., Le Roy B., Rubio E.E., Ruiz C.C., Ruiz M.L., Ryan E.J., Saad A.R., Saeed S.A., Salama H.A., Salamah A.A., Sampietro G.M., Sarma D.R., Schaffer K.B., Schnitzbauer A.A., Scurrah R.J., Serevina O.L., Serralheiro P.A., Sewards J.M., Shackcloth M.J., Shaw A.V., Sheel A.R., Sica G.S., De Simone V., Singh A.A., Singh R.P., Skelly B.L., Smith H.G., Sohail A.H., Spalding D.R., Springford L.R., Ssentongo A.E., Steinkamp P.J., Stevens K.A., Stewart G.D., Stylianides N.A., Sullivan T.B., Taher A.S., Tamimy M.S., Tang A.M., Tebala G.D., Tejero-Pintor F.J., Thaha M.A., Thomas A.J., De Toma G., La Torre F., Torres A.J., Townshend D.N., Trout I.M., Tucker S.C., Ubhi H.K., Vega V.A., Velmahos G.C., Velopulos C.G., Viswanath Y.K., Vivas A.A., Wade R.G., Wadley M.S., Wall J.J., Walters A.M., Warren O.J., Weerasinghe C.K., Wilkin R.J., Williams K.J., Winter S.C., Wormald J.C., Wright F.L., Xyda S.E., Young A.L., Youssef M.M., Yousuf F.B., El Youzouri H., Zappa M.A., Abate E., Abdalaziz H., Abdelkarim M., Abdou H., Aboelkassem-Ibrahim A., Abuown A., Acebes-Garcia F., Acharya M., Adamina M., Addae-Boateng E., Aftab R., Agarwal A., Aguilar J., Ahmed Y., Aitken E., Al-Azzawi M., Al-Embideen S., Al-Masri M., Al-Najjar H., Al-Sukaini A., Alam R., Alderson D., Aliyeva Z., Aljanadi F., Almasri M., Alonso-Ortuno P., Altintoprak F., Amira G., Amjad R., Anania G., Andabaka T., Angelou D., Annamalai S., Annessi V., Anthoney J., Anwar S., Anwer M., Aragon-Chamizo J., Ardito A., Arigoni M., Armao T., Arminio A., Armstrong L., Arnaud A., Asaad P., Ashcroft J., Ashmore C., Asqalan A., Asti E., Aubry E., Aytac E., Ayuso-Herrera E., Baeza M., Bailon-Cuadrado M., Bakmaz B., Baldi C., Baldini E., Baldo S., Ballabio M., Baloyiannis I., Baltazar G., Bambina F., Bandiera A., Barlow E., Barmasse R., Barmpagianni C., Baronio G., Barra F., Bartsch A.-M., Basgaran A., Basha A., Bashkirova V., Bastazza M., Baumber R., Belcher E., Belvedere A., Benitez-Linero I., Bergeat D., Bernasconi M., Bhalla A., Bhutiani N., Bianco F., Bisagni P., Blake I., Blanco-Colino R., Blazquez-Martin A., Boal M., Bonavina L., Bonavina G., Bond-Smith G., Booth K., Borges F., Borghi F., Bouchagier K., Bourke G., Boyle E., Brachini G., Brain J., Brar A., Breckles L., Bretagnol F., Brixton G., Bruzzaniti P., Bueser T., Burnside N., Caballero A., Calcerrada-Alises E., Callahan M., Camarero E., Campagnaro T., Campanelli M., Candiani M., Cantalejo-Diaz M., Cao H., Capelli P., Capizzi V., Carcano G., Carissimi F., Carlini M., Carlucci M., Carmichael H., Carrasco M., Carrillo M., Carvello M., Casati M., Castoro C., Catalan V., Cavaleiro S., Cellerino P., Centinaio G., Cernei C., Cerro C., Cervellera M., Chakrabortee S., Chamberlain S., Chan J., Chang G., Chaudhry D., Chebaro A., Chen D., Chetty G., Chia Z., Chiappini A., Chiarugi M., Chidambaram S., Chiozza M., Cholewa H., Chong C., Choolani-Bhojwani E., Christoforidis D., Chui K., Chung C., Cirillo B., Citterio D., Clermidi P., Coccolini F., Colletti G., Compagnoni B., Concepcion-Martin V., Confalonieri M., Connolly H., Conso C., Conti L., Cooper Z., Cordera F., Corral J., Costa M., Costanzi A., Cotsoglou C., Cozza V., Cuming T., Curtis M., Cuschieri J., D'Agruma M., D'Andrea G., Daliya P., Dare O., Darko E., Day A., Dehal A., Dehart D., Delgado-Oliver E., Denning M., Desai A., Desender L., Dester S., Diaz-Garcia A., Diaz-Pena P., Dousset B., Doussot A., Duchateau N., Duff S., Dunning J., Duque-Mallen V., Dziakova J., Egan B., Egan R., El-Ali A., Elfeki H., Elhadi M., Eljareh M., Elkady R., Elkhafeefi F., Elmore U., Elmoslemany T., Emmerson O., Enemosah I., English C., English W., Escartin J., Estaire-Gomez M., Evans L., Evans J., Exley R., Fabbri N., Falco G., Familiari P., Fancellu A., Farik S., Farrell T., Fehervari M., Fell A., Fernandez-Camunas A., Fernandez-Marin R., Fernandez-Martinez M., Ferrara F., Ferrari G., Ferrero S., Findlay L., Fiore M., Fiori E., Flatman M., Flindall I., Flor B., Fontana T., Ford S., Ford D., Forlani S., Francone E., Frattaruolo C., Frio F., Gagliano A., Gagliardi F., Gahunia S., Gaino F., Gala T., Galfrascoli E., Galimberti L., Gallagher P., Galleano R., Galvan-Perez A., Gammeri E., Ganau M., Garces-Garcia R., Garulli G., Gascon-Ferrer I., Gattolin A., Gaujoux S., Gentilli S., Georgiades F., Ghanbari A., Ghosh D., Giacometti M., Giblin A.-V., Gilbert C., Gimenez C., Giorgakis E., Gipponi M., Glen P., Goatly G., Gobatti D., Godbole C., Gohil K., Gomez M., Gomez-Rosado J.-C., Gonullu E., Gonzalez-Gonzalez E., Gordini L., Gracia I., Gracia-Roche C., Granieri S., Green S., Grivon M., Grove T., Guaglio M., Guaitoli E., Guglielmi A., Guha S., Gustavino C., Habeeb A., Hagger R., Hakmi H., Halkias C., Hall C., Hampton M., Handa S., Hansen L., Haq I., Harky A., Harries R., Harrison J., Hasan R., Hawari M., Hawkin P., Hebblethwaite B., Henriques S., Heritage E., Hernandez-Juara P., Herrero-Lopez M., Hervieux E., Heyd B., Higgs S., Hitchman L., Ho B., Hogan A., Holzle F., Hossain T., Hurt L., Hutchinson P., Iacob G., Iannone I., Ibrahim S., Iovino D., Isik A., Jafarova S., Jamil T., Jayaraju U., Jenner E., Jimenez-Higuera E., Jimeno J., Jones M., Judkins N., Kalavrezos N., Kalidindi V., Kalkat M., Kamal M., Kamphues C., Kang C., Kara Y., Karam E., Karim A., Kashora F., Kearney D., Khajuria A., Khan U., Khan A., Khatri C., Kinnaman G., Kinross J., Kler A., Klimopoulos S., Kocatas A., Kolias A., Konigsrainer A., Konsten J., Kontovounisios C., Kourdouli A., Krishnan E., Kristinsson S., Kruijff S., Kudsk-Iversen S., Kufeji D., Kugler N., Kulkarni R., Kurihara H., Laface L., Lakkis Z., Lami M., Landaluce-Olavarria A., Lapolla P., Lawani I., Lawday S., Lazaro A., Lecolle K., Leventoglu S., Li Z., Liew I., Lisi G., Lizzi V., Lo T., Lomiento D., Longhi M., Lostis E., Lostoridis E., Loubani M., Lowy-Benoliel A., Lucianetti A., Luke L., Lunevicius R., Luraghi M., Lye G., Mabrouk I., Macchi A., MacDonald L., Machairas N., Madonini M., Magowan D., Maisonneuve E., Majkowska A., Majkowski L., Mak J., Malabarba S., Malerba M., Mannan S., Manson J., Mansuri A., Mantoglu B., Manu N., Maqsood A., Marano A., Marchbank A., Marcos-Santos P., Marrano E., Martin J., Martin E., Martin G., Martin-Albo L., Martin-Roman L., Martinelli F., Martinez-dePaz F., Martinez-German A., Martinez-Pinedo C., Martins R., Marwan H., Marzi F., Mathieu P., Matute-Najarro M.-S., Maw A., Mazingi D., Mazzaferro V., McCanny A., McKenzie K., McLarty N., McPherson I., Medina E., Mediratta S., Medone M., Mehra G., Mele S., Melero-Cortes L., Mendoza-Moreno F., Meneghini S., Mercante G., Merdrignac A., Merola S., Metallidis S., Michel M., Migliore M., Mihanovic J., Miller D., Mingoli A., Minto G., Mirabella A., Misra N., Mitrasinovic S., Miu V., Moawad N., Mochet S., Modabber A., Mohammad A., Mohan M., Moliner-Sanchez C., Mongelli F., Monteleone M., Montuori M., Moore R., Mora-Guzman I., Morales X., Morales D., Morelli L., Morgan R., Morris C., Mortini P., Mosca A., Motter D., Moug S., Mukherjee S., Najdy M., Nakas A., Namazov I., Naredla P., Nasef E., Nassa H., Nath R., Navarro-Sanchez A., Nazarian S., Negri G., Nehra D., Neil-Dwyer J., Neri J., Newton K., Nikaj H., Niquen M., Nobile S., Nogueiro J., Ntirenganya F., Nugent M., Nunez J., Ocana J., Okechukwu V., Oliva-Mompean F., Oliveira A., Ollat D., Onos L., Osagie-Clouard L., Osman K., Ottolina J., Ourieff J., Outani O., Oyewole B., Ozben V., Pacheco-Sanchez D., Padilla-Valverde D., Pai M., Paiella S., Paisley S., Palini G., Palmeri M., Panahi P., Parente A., Parlanti D., Parmar C., Pascual A., Patel M., Pathak A., Patil S., Pattyn P., Peckham-Cooper A., Pedrazzani C., Pellino G., Peluso C., Pereira A., Pereira-Neves A., Perez-Diaz M.D., Perez-Gonzalez M., Perez-Saborido B., Perivoliotis K., Perkins C., Peros G., Perotto O., Perra T., Petrone P., Phenix G., Picazo S., Picon-Rodriguez R., Piloni M., Pingarron-Martin L., Pinotti E., Pisanu A., Pizzini P., Pockney P., Podda M., Podolsky D., Poggioli G., Pompili C., Pontari M., Porcu A., Potter R., Price C., Pruvot F.-R., Pujol-Muncunill R., Puppo A., Quante M., Quintana-Villamandos B., Qureshi A., Radenkovic D., Rakvin I., Ramallo-Solis I., Ramcharan S., Ramos D., Ramos-Bonilla A., Ramzi J., Rathinam S., Rausa E., Ravaioli M., Ravindran S., Raymond T., Razik A., Redfern J., Reguera-Rosal J., Rela M., Rey-Biel J., Rey-Valcarcel C., Ribolla M., Richards T., Richmond M., Righini E., Rio-Gomez J., Riyat H., Rizvi S., Roberts K., Roberts M., Robertson S., Robertson R., Robin-Valle A., Rochon M., Rojo M., Rolli L., Romano S., Ross E., Ross H., Rossborough C., Rottoli M., Ruiz-Grande F., Ruiz-Martin I., Ruiz-Soriano M., Ruzzenente A., Ryska O., Saez C., Sagnotta A., Sahnan K., Sahni A., Salim A., Sallam I., Salvia R., Samadov E., Sammarco G., Sampaio-Alves M., Sanchez-Arteaga A., Sanchez-Fuentes M.-N., Sanchez-Pelaez D., Sanchez-Perez C., Sanchez-Rubio M., Sancho-Muriel J., Sanders J., Santero-Ramirez M.-P., Santora T., Santoro A., Santos I., Santos-Sousa H., Sapienza P., Sartarelli L., Sarveswaran J., Sasia D., Saudemont A., Saudi-Moro S., Saxena S., Saxena D., Sayasneh A., Scalabre A., Schache A., Schiavina R., Schineis C., Schreckenbach T., Scorza A., Scott L., Seegert S., Seguin-Givelet A., Senent-Boza A., Seymour K., Shabana A., Shah K., Shah J., Shah P., Shah S., Shakir T., Shalaby M., Shankar S., Shaw R., Shehata S., Shenfine A., Sheridan K., Sherief A., Sherief M., Sherif M., Shinkwin M., Shu S., Siaw-Acheampong K., Sileri P., Singh A., Singh S., Sinha S., Sinha D., Siragusa L., Sivaprakasam R., Sivayoganathan S., Smillie R., Smith C., Smith A., Sochorova D., Soggiu F., Sohrabi C., Solari F., Solli P., Soreide K., Spinelli A., Spoletini D., Spriano G., Sravanam S., Ssentongo P., Stanger S., Stavroulias D., Steel B., Stella M., Stewart R., Stringer S., Sulen N., Sundar S., Sundhu M., Suri A., Syed A., Szatmary P., Tabiri S., Tadross D., Taglietti L., Tansey R., Tartaglia D., Tawheed A., Tayeh S., Teles T., Testa V., Tewari N., Thoenissen P., Thomas K., Thomin A., Thrush J., Tierney S., Tiwari A., Toh S., Toledo E., Tonini V., Torkington J., Torquati A., Torzilli G., Totty J., Tourountzi P., Tousidonis M., Townend P., Townsend C., Trompeter A., Trotta F., Truant S., Trujillo-Diaz J., Turco C., Turrado-Rodriguez V., Turri G., Tustin H., Tyler J., Tzedakis S., Tzovaras G., Uittenbogaart M., Ullah R., Urban S., Urbani A., Usai A., Vaccarella G., Valdes-Hernandez J., Valsecchi L., Vashisht R., Vazquez-Fernandez A., Venn M., Vera-Mansilla C., Vergari R., Vescio G., Vidya R., Vieira P., Vijay V., Vimalachandran D., Violante T., Volpe A., Vovola F., Vulliamy P., Wall R., Wallwork K., Ward A., Warwick D., Waseem S., Weaver H., Wells F., Wen J., West R., Whitehall E., Wild L., Wilkins A., Williams G., Williams M., Winnand P., Wong K., Worku D., Wright N., Yalamanchili S., Yershov D., Yildiz A., Young R., Yurttas C., Zadegan F., Zafar N., Zakaria R., Zambon M., Zanini N., Zarate A., Zerbib P., Zizzo M., Zmora O., Zonta S., van Berge Henegouwen M.I., van der Plas W.Y., Ali I.A.M., Bakri N.A.C., Bauset J.C.C., Abou Chaar M.K., Marino Cosentino L.M., Gomez Diaz C.J., Garcia Galocha J.L., de Gheldere C.A., Ataide Gomes G.M., Beltran de Heredia J., Blazer III D.G., Nugent III W.C., Ali karar A.A., Borja De Lacy F., Blas Laina J.L., Shane Lester M.J., Liyanage A.S.D., Al Maadany F.S., De Marchi J.A., Ramos-De la Medina A., Mithany R.H.M., Sanchez del Pueblo C., van Ramshorst G.H., De Salas M.M., De Souza A.C., Dolores Del Toro M., Archer J.E., Odeh A., Erridge S., Salem H.K., Jones G.P., Gardner A., Tripathi S.S., Gregg A., Jeganathan R., Siddique M.H., Lombardi C.P., Martin B., Leo C.A., Dass D., Di Franco G., Jiao L.R., Mari G.M., Capitan-Morales L.-C., Connelly T.M., Alanbuki A., De Virgilio A., Schilling C., San Miguel Mendez C., Kulkarni G., Nizami K., Walsh S., Dean H., Ruiz-Marin M., Houston R., Trompetto M., Chrastek D., Kouritas V., Cannoletta M., Rosato F., Kaushal M.V., Costa P.M., Elkadi H.H., Johnstone J.R., Irvine E., Alvarez M.R., Corbellini C., Venkatesan G.S., Mateo-Sierra O., Martinez-Perez C., Serrano Gonzalez J., Hernandez Bartolome M.A., Diaz Perez D., Gutierrez Samaniego M., Galindo Jara P., Sharma N., Smart N.J., Keller D.S., AGEM - Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Surgery, Graduate School, Almaadany, F. S., Samadov, E., Namazov, I., Jafarova, S., Ramshorst, G. H. V., Pattyn, P., Desender, L., Gheldere, C. A. D., Duchateau, N., Mihanovic, J., Sulen, N., Andabaka, T., Rakvin, I., Bakmaz, B., Smith, H. G., Jonsson, M. L., Kassas, M. E., Tawheed, A., Shehata, S., Ashoush, F. M., Abdelaal, A. S., Elfiky, M. M. A., Emile, S. H., Elfallal, A. H., Elfeki, H., Shalaby, M., Alrahawy, M. M., Sallam, I., Amira, G., Sherief, A., Sherief, M., Lakkis, Z., Doussot, A., Turco, C., Heyd, B., Mathieu, P., Chebaro, A., Lecolle, K., Zerbib, P., Truant, S., Saudemont, A., Pruvot, F. -R., Arnaud, A. P., Bergeat, D., Merdrignac, A., Scalabre, A., Roy, B. L., Perotto, O., Tzedakis, S., Gaujoux, S., Dousset, B., Moszkowicz, D., Bretagnol, F., Hervieux, E., Maisonneuve, E., Clermidi, P., Aubry, E., Thomin, A., Seguin-Givelet, A., Zadegan, F., Conso, C., Ollat, D., Kamphues, C., Lauscher, J. C., Schineis, C., Schnitzbauer, A. A., Thoenissen, P., Youzouri, H. E., Schreckenbach, T., Nguyen, T. A., Modabber, A., Holzle, F., Winnand, P., Konigsrainer, A., Quante, M., Yurttas, C., Loffler, M. W., Klimopoulos, S., Tzovaras, G., Baloyiannis, I., Perivoliotis, K., Lostoridis, E., Tourountzi, P., Marchi, J. A. D., Farrell, T., Davis, N. F., Kearney, D., Larkin, J. O., Mohan, H. M., Mehigan, B. J., Fahey, B. A., Barry, C. P., Elliott, J. A., Bass, G. A., Connelly, T. M., Kavanagh, D. O., Elkady, R., Neary, P. C., Ridgway, P. F., Joyce, D. P., Tierney, S., Boyle, E., Egan, B., Lowery, A. J., Collins, C. G., Hogan, A., Mckevitt, K. L., Ryan, E. J., Fowler, A. L., Aherne, T. M., Nizami, K., Walsh, S., Zmora, O., Kugler, N., Falco, G., Ruiz, C. C., Mele, S., Annessi, V., Ferrari, G., Montella, M. T., Mariani, N. M., Ceretti, A. P., Lomiento, D., Taglietti, L., Giudice, R. D., Compagnoni, B., Dester, S., Granieri, S., Cotsoglou, C., Campagnaro, T., Turri, G., Guglielmi, A., Ruzzenente, A., Pedrazzani, C., Salvia, R., Paiella, S., Nobile, S., Marino, M. V., Mirabella, A., Vaccarella, G., Francone, E., Gentilli, S., Nikaj, H., Morelli, L., Franco, G. D., Palmeri, M., Tartaglia, D., Coccolini, F., Chiarugi, M., Anania, G., Chiozza, M., Urbani, A., Podda, M., Pisanu, A., Porcu, A., Perra, T., Fancellu, A., Familiari, P., D'Andrea, G., Bambina, F., Fiore, M., Macchi, A., Citterio, D., Mosca, A., Martinelli, F., Rolli, L., Guaglio, M., Comini, L. V., Capizzi, V., Mazzaferro, V., Cozza, V., Gordini, L., Lombardi, C. P., Simone, V. D., Marzi, F., Marra, A. A., Baldini, E., Conti, L., Ribolla, M., Isolani, S. M., Capelli, P., Spinelli, A., Carvello, M., Candido, F. D., Kurihara, H., Marrano, E., Torzilli, G., Castoro, C., Roit, A. D., Mercante, G., Spriano, G., Gaino, F., De Virgilio, A., Bonavina, L., Asti, E., Feo, C. V., Fabbri, N., Righini, E., Di Saverio, S., Scorza, A., Iovino, D., Carcano, G., Baldi, C., Sampietro, G. M., Corbellini, C., Cellerino, P., Zappa, M. A., Ardito, A., Galfrascoli, E., Iacob, G., Zanini, N. C., Palini, G., Garulli, G., Ballabio, M., Bisagni, P., Pizzini, P., Gagliano, A., Armao, T., Longhi, M., Madonini, M., Luraghi, M., Galimberti, L., Romano, S., Bastazza, M., Trotta, F., Gipponi, M., Malabarba, S., Centinaio, G., Mochet, S., Usai, A., Grivon, M., Barmasse, R., Sagnotta, A. S., Marino, L. M. P., Galleano, R., Malerba, M., Baldo, S., Ligure, P., Casati, M., Abate, E., Laface, L., Brianza, C., Lizzi, V., Vovola, F., Arminio, A., Vergari, R., Rausa, E., Bianco, F., Lucianetti, A., Guaitoli, E., Pinotti, E., Carissimi, F., Montuori, M., Baronio, G., Campanelli, M., Sica, G. S., Siragusa, L. S., Lapolla, P., Mingoli, A., Toma, G. D., Fiori, E., Torre, F. L., Sapienza, P., Brachini, G., Cirillo, B., Iannone, I., Zambon, M., Chiappini, A., Meneghini, S., Fonsi, G. B., Cicerchia, P. M., Bruzzaniti, P., Santoro, A., Bartolomeo, A. D., Sasia, D., Migliore, M., Gattolin, A., Rottoli, M., Ravaioli, M., Schiavina, R., Solli, P., Frio, F., Neri, J., Poggioli, G., Belvedere, A., Pezzuto, A. P., Parlanti, D., Violante, T., Tonini, V., Cervellera, M., Sartarelli, L., Giacometti, M., Zonta, S., Ferrara, F., Stella, M. M., Gobatti, D., Costanzi, A., Confalonieri, M., Colletti, G., Frattaruolo, C., Mari, G. M., Monteleone, M., Candiani, M., Bonavina, G., Valsecchi, L., Ottolina, J., Mortini, P., Gagliardi, F., Piloni, M., Medone, M., Carlucci, M., Negri, G., Bandiera, A., Nardi, P. D., Elmore, U., Sileri, P., Lisi, G., Carlini, M., Spoletini, D., Giuffrida, M. C., Borghi, F., Rosato, F., Puppo, A., D'Agruma, M., Marano, A., Testa, V., Peluso, C., Barra, F., Ferrero, S., Gustavino, C., Gallo, G., Sammarco, G., Trompetto, M., Vescio, G., Fontana, T., Al-Masri, M., Chaar, M. K. A., Al-Najjar, H., Maadany, F. S. A., Nasef, E., Elkhafeefi, F., Eljareh, M., Bouhuwaish, A. E. M., Taher, A. S. A., Yousuf, F. B., Morgom, M. M., Salamah, A. A., Salama, H. A., Bulugma, M. R., Alvarez, M. R., Gisbertz, S. S., Borgstein, A. B. J., Henegouwen, M. I. V. B., Leclercq, W. K. G., Uittenbogaart, M., Kruijff, S., De Vries, J. -P. P. M., Van Der Plas, W. Y., Steinkamp, P. J., Jonker, P. K. C., Konsten, J., Van Heinsbergen, M., Anwer, M., Santos-Sousa, H., Cavaleiro, S., Leite-Moreira, A. M., Pereira, A., Pereira-Neves, A., Faria, C. S., Monteiro, J. M., Nogueiro, J., Sampaio-Alves, M., Maia, M. M., Vieira, P., Lazaro, A., Martins, R., Oliveira, A., Costa, M., Almeida, A. C., Serralheiro, P. A., Teles, T., Borges, F., Lima, M. J., Costa, P. M., Henriques, S., Vivas, A. A., Vega, V. A., Navarro-Sanchez, A., Lozano, S. M., Fernandez-Pacheco, B. C., Bernal-Sprekelsen, J. C., Perez, C. M., Bauset, J. C. C., Rodriguez, V. T., Morales, X., Gracia, I., Pujol-Muncunill, R., De Lacy, F. B., Muguerza, J. M., Dziakova, J., Pueblo, C. S. D., Avellana, R. B., Catalan, V., Picazo, S., Fernandez, A. G., Romera, J. L., Galocha, J. L. G., Rojo, M., Torres, A. J., Rivas, A. M., Camarero, E., Saez, C., Antonanzas, L. L., De Andres-Asenjo, B., De Heredia, J. B., Fernandez, A. V., Trujillo-Diaz, J., Ruiz-Soriano, M., Minaya-Bravo, A., Mendez, C. S. M., Galvan-Perez, A., Robin-Valle, A., Gonzalez-Gonzalez, E., Calcerrada-Alises, E., Garcia-Urena, M. A., Carrasco, M., Gimenez, C., Medina, E., Fernandez, A. J., Ruiz-Marin, M., Estaire-Gomez, M., Martinez-Depaz, F., Sanchez-Pelaez, D., Jimenez-Higuera, E., Martinez-Pinedo, C., Picon-Rodriguez, R., Fernandez-Camunas, A., Padilla-Valverde, D., Rey-Valcarcel, C., Perez-Diaz, M. D., Fernandez-Martinez, M., Martin-Roman, L., Gomez, M. F., Rio-Gomez, J., Tousidonis, M., Alonso-Ortuno, P., Ayuso-Herrera, E., Martin-Albo, L., Aragon-Chamizo, J., Lowy-Benoliel, A., Quintana-Villamandos, B., Sanchez-Perez, C., Mateo-Sierra, O., Corral, J., Caballero, A., Zarate, A., Diez-Alonso, M. M., Mendoza-Moreno, F., Mansilla, C. V., Ruiz-Grande, F., Hernandez-Juara, P., Blazquez-Martin, A., Montesinos, C. S., Diaz, C. J. G., Guariglia, C. A., Fructuoso, L. S., Osorio, A. L., Font, R. F., Ormazabal, P. C., Mora-Guzman, I., Gonzalez, J. S., Perez, D. D., Samaniego, M. G., Jara, P. G., Garcia, M. H., Ruiz, M. L., Fernandez, B. D., Delgado, M. G. -C., Poza, A. A., Mallen, V. D., Gracia-Roche, C., Martinez-German, A., Santero-Ramirez, M. -P., Matute-Najarro, M. -S., De Miguel-Ardevines, M. -C., Sanchez-Fuentes, M. -N., Saudi-Moro, S., Gascon-Ferrer, I., Herrero-Lopez, M., Delgado-Oliver, E., Sanchez-Rubio, M., Cantalejo-Diaz, M., Perez-Sanchez, L. E., Diaz-Garcia, A., Ramos, D., Barranquero, A. G., Ocana, J., Nunez, J., Cerro, C., Tejero-Pintor, F. J., Perez-Saborido, B., Marcos-Santos, P., Choolani-Bhojwani, E., Acebes-Garcia, F., Bueno-Canones, A. D., Pacheco-Sanchez, D., Cuadrado, M. B., Senent-Boza, A., Benitez-Linero, I., Ramallo-Solis, I., Sanchez-Arteaga, A., Melero-Cortes, L., Fernandez-Marin, R., Duran-Munoz-Cruzado, V. M., Gomez-Rosado, J. -C., Toro, M. D. D., Valdes-Hernandez, J., Reguera-Rosal, J., Capitan-Morales, L. -C., Oliva-Mompean, F., Sancho-Muriel, J., Cholewa, H., Flor, B., Landaluce-Olavarria, A., Miguel, M. G. -D., Cruzado, L. F. -G., Jimeno, J., Toledo, E., Pascual, A., Carrillo, M., Morales, D., Gomez, M., Rodriguez-Sanjuan, J. C., Aguilar, J., Baeza, M., Rey-Biel, J., Pingarron-Martin, L., Escartin, J., Laina, J. L. B., Pevidal, A. N., Enjuto, D. T., Ramos-Bonilla, A., Perez-Gonzalez, M., Diaz-Pena, P., Garces-Garcia, R., Salas, M. M. D., Cagigal-Ortega, E. P., Ali, O. M., Arigoni, M., Mongelli, F., Bernasconi, M., Giuseppe, M. D., Adamina, M., Peros, G., Aytac, E., Aliyeva, Z., Kara, Y., Bozkurt, M. A., Kocatas, A., Altintoprak, F., Gonullu, E., Mantoglu, B., Yildiz, A., Davies, R. J., Ashcroft, J., Baker, O. J., Byrne, M. H. V., Coughlin, P. A., Durst, A. Z. E., Georgiades, F., Habeeb, A., Hudson, V. E., Kolias, A., Luke, L., Mitrasinovic, S., Mohan, M., Murphy, S. H., Ngu, A. W. T., O'Neill, J. R., Ramzi, J., Rooney, S. M., Singh, A. A., Waseem, S., Wong, K., Lunevicius, R., Sheel, A. R. G., Jones, R. P., Nunes, Q. M., Hughes, J. L., Haq, I., Misra, N., Baig, M. M., Sundhu, M., Rossborough, C., Skelly, B. L., Neely, D. T. A., Angelou, D., Mccanny, A., Pachl, M. J., Martin, B., Sundar, S., Leung, E. Y., Vashisht, R., Bakri, N. A. C., Jiao, L. R., Nazarian, S., Warren, O. J., Kontovounisios, C., Grove, T., Vimalachandran, D., Manu, N., Eardley, N. J., Krishnan, E., Serevina, O. L., Martin, E., Povey, M. G., Jones, A. P., Smith, C., Mannan, S., Ayeni, F. A., Houston, R., Tustin, H., Rogers, L. J., Minto, G., Marchbank, A., Miller, D., Ho, B., Gohil, K., Labib, P. L., Emslie, K. M., Clough, E. C. S., Enemosah, I., Perkins, C., Rela, M., Panahi, P., Baker, M. P., Holme, T. J., Abbott, S. J., Bence, M. N., Razik, A., Osagie-Clouard, L., Holbrook, C. M., Kufeji, D., Chong, C., Hammond, J. S., Moir, J. A. G., Mcpherson, I., Booth, K., Patel, P. K., Kler, A., Handa, S., Kaushal, M. V., Redfern, J., Morgan, R., Maw, A., Gala, T., Abdelkarim, M., Asqalan, A., Ibrahim, S., Venkatesan, G. S., Caruana, E. J., Mohammad, A., Acharya, M., Rathinam, S., Nakas, A., Higgs, S., Brown, O. D., Boal, M., Dean, H., Stanger, S., Abdalaziz, H., Sayasneh, A., Najdy, M., Nath, R., Gautam, M., Fehervari, M., Spalding, D. R., Pai, M., Naumann, D. N., Kalkat, M., Syed, A., Alam, R., Tayeh, S., Chase, T. J. G., Ayorinde, J. O., Cuming, T., Ghanbari, A., Loubani, M., Aboelkassem-Ibrahim, A., Cao, H., Ross, E., Totty, J., Wilkins, A., Hitchman, L., Dixon, J. R., Dunning, J., Viswanath, Y. K. S., Lester, M. J. S., Bond-Smith, G., Lami, M., Tebala, G. D., Tucker, S. C., Shaw, A. V., Winter, S. C., Cernei, C., Qureshi, A., Belcher, E., Wallwork, K., Stavroulias, D., Di Chiara, F., Dare, O., Jeyaretna, D. S., Ganau, M., Chidambaram, S., Sravanam, S., Sinha, S., Smillie, R., Shah, K., Shankar, S., Dunstan, M., Beak, P., Gerogiannis, I., Jones, G. P., Gardner, A., Tripathi, S. S., Boddy, A. P., Hossain, T., Ashmore, C., Annamalai, S., Irvine, E., Kourdouli, A., Kirmani, B. H., Shackcloth, M. J., Harky, A., Stylianides, N. A., Abdalla, M. O., Newton, K., Bajomo, O. M., Rizvi, S., Darko, E., Saad, A. R., Li, Z., Motter, D., Hurt, L., Egan, R., Harries, R., Youssef, M. M. G., Evans, L., Chrastek, D., Kouritas, V., Shah, J., Anthoney, J., Amjad, R., Harrison, J., Mabrouk, I., Hebblethwaite, B., Emmerson, O., Bosch, K. D., Kalidindi, V., Bashkirova, V., Edwards, J. G., Rao, J. N., Hopkinson, D. N., Chetty, G., Forlani, S., Guha, S., Sherif, M., Giblin, A. -V., Lye, G., Whitehall, E., Blundell, C. M., Ward, A., Tadross, D., Wells, F., Majkowski, L., Townshend, D. N., Mills, S. J., Seymour, K., Shenfine, A., Mclarty, N., Kashora, F., Lewis, S. E., Ubhi, H. K., Exley, R., Singh, A., Basgaran, A., Bartsch, A. -M., Okechukwu, V., Basha, A., Barmpagianni, C., Gallagher, P., Khan, U., Maqsood, A., Shah, P., Saxena, S., Sahnan, K., Siddique, M. H., Leo, C. A., Zafar, N., Rollett, R. A., Collins, M. L., Tamimy, M. S., Riyat, H., Neil-Dwyer, J., Wen, J., Burnside, N., Weaver, H., Hawari, M., Addae-Boateng, E., Duffy, J. P., Dean, B. J. F., Luney, C. R., Sarveswaran, J., Patil, S., Ravindran, S., Scott, L., Michel, M., Toh, S., Ahmed, Y., Vijay, V., Shakir, T., Hasan, R., Tansey, R., Alanbuki, A., Patel, M., Shabana, A., Paisley, S., Khan, J. S., Griffiths, E. A., Kisiel, A. P., Kamal, M., Cato, L. D., Parente, A., Kulkarni, R., Saeed, S. A., Mak, J., Liew, I., Al-Sukaini, A., Saxena, D., Mediratta, S., Ali, I. A. M., Smith, A., Fell, A., English, C., Kristinsson, S., Goatly, G., Halkias, C., Evans, J., Glen, P., Al-Azzawi, M., Aitken, E., Mukherjee, S., Singh, S., English, W., Vulliamy, P., Karam, E., Chui, K., Mansuri, A., Sivayoganathan, S., Aaraj, M. A., El-Ali, A., Chowdhury, A. H., Worku, D., Hampton, M., Manson, J., Findlay, L., Majkowska, A., Brixton, G., Potter, R., De Souza, A. C., Rochon, M., Cannoletta, M., Bhalla, A., Daliya, P., Chia, Z., Pollok, J. M., Raptis, D. A., Davidson, B. R., Fusai, G. K., Xyda, S. E., Soggiu, F., Machairas, N., Bosanquet, D. C., Tang, A. M., Beamish, A. J., Nassa, H., Price, C., Williams, G., Magowan, D., Solari, F., Davies, E. J., Ryska, O., Hawkin, P., Raymond, T., Baron, R. D., Szatmary, P., Gahunia, S., Thomas, A. J., Dunne, D. F. J., Nita, G. E., Sochorova, D., Sivaprakasam, R., Venn, M. L., Ledesma, F. S. J., Thaha, M. A., Sullivan, T. B. B., Parry, J. T., Baumber, R., Archer, J. E., Odeh, A., Stewart, R., Ullah, R., Armstrong, L., Jones, M., Aljanadi, F., Moawad, N., Gregg, A., Jeganathan, R., Ferguson, H. J. M., Ramcharan, S., Yershov, D., Hopkins, J. C., Doe, M. J., Ambler, G. K., Lostis, E., Lawday, S., Babu, B. H., Liyanage, A. S. D., Weerasinghe, C. K., Blake, I., Sanders, J., Bueser, T., Curtis, M., Oo, A. Y., Abbott, T. E. F., Anwar, S., Sohrabi, C., Williams, K. J., Chung, E. A., Hagger, R., Karim, A., Hainsworth, A. J., Flatman, M., Hing, C. B., Trompeter, A., Lo, T., Wade, R. G., Bourke, G., Burke, J. R., Young, A. L., Wall, J. J. S., Johnstone, J. R., Peckham-Cooper, A., Elkadi, H. H., Kowal, M. R., Pompili, C., Ho, M. W. S., Kinross, J., Ibrahim, M. A. H., Abuown, A., Denning, M., Erridge, S., Yalamanchili, S., Martin, G., Hall, C., Hall, J. R. W., Baldwin, A. J., Gammeri, E., West, R., Wormald, J. C. R., Catton, A. B., Kudsk-Iversen, S., Kouris, S. M., Nugent, M., Lin, D. J., Kang, C., Scurrah, R. J., Rajgor, A. D., Steel, B., Day, A., Belgaumkar, A. P., Oyewole, B., Gilbert, C., Dass, D., Ford, D., Duff, S., Khan, A., Asaad, P., Brown, B. C., Jenkinson, M. D., Zakaria, R., Elmoslemany, T., Parmar, C., Mccluney, S. J., Shah, S., Kalavrezos, N., Sinha, D., Schilling, C., Tewari, N., Dunne, N. J. M., Carlos, W. J., Gill, C. K., Godbole, C., Dickson, K. E., Khajuria, A., Connolly, H., Naredla, P., Sarma, D. R., Robertson, S., Morris, C., Richards, T., Torkington, J., Williams, M., Shinkwin, M., Jayaraju, U., Singh, R. P., Aftab, R., Warwick, D., Khalefa, M. A., Hossain, F. S., Osman, K., Andreani, S. M., Bath, M. F., Sahni, A., Judkins, N., Springford, L. R., Wadley, M. S., Tyler, J., Wild, L., Wall, R., Jenner, E., Chamberlain, S., Thrush, J., Brain, J., Townsend, C., Stringer, S., Breckles, L., Flindall, I., Phenix, G., Thomas, K., Young, R., Macdonald, L., Green, S., Miu, V., Sheridan, K., Onos, L., Monson, J. R. T., Drake, F. T., Haqqani, M. H., Cooper, Z., Salim, A., Hirji, S. A., Brown, A. K., Chung, C., Hansen, L., Okafor, B. U., Roxo, V. I., Rice, H. E., Hwang, E. S., Blazer, D. G., Hall, B. J., Olson, S. A., Nehra, D., Cuschieri, J., Davidson, G. H., Walters, A. M., Nygaard, R. M., Colonna, E. T., Endorf, F. W., Meagher, A. D., Kinnaman, G., Mckenzie, K., Fretwell, K. R., Chan, J., Nugent, W. C., Chen, D., Stevens, K. A., Etchill, E. W., Jenny, H. E., Dehal, A., Kaafarani, H. M., Breen, K. A., Bankhead-Kendall, B. K., Alser, O., Mashbari, H. N., Velmahos, G. C., Chang, G., Dehart, D., Ourieff, J., Merola, S., Volpe, A., Podolsky, D., Coleman, N. L., Callahan, M., Brathwaite, C. E. M., Liu, H. H., Petrone, P., Baltazar, G., Hakmi, H., Sohail, A. H., Hazelton, J. P., Ssentongo, A. E., Ssentongo, P., Jamil, T., Al-Embideen, S., Seegert, S., Torquati, A., Bhama, A. R., Biffl, W. L., Schaffer, K. B., Marsh, C. L., Philp, M. M., Ross, H., Santora, T., Pathak, A., Sewards, J. M., Pontari, M., Engel, J. L., Giorgakis, E., Bhavaraju, A. V., Kalkwarf, K. J., Roberts, M., Robertson, R., Callcut, R. A., Canova, M. E., Suri, A., Velopulos, C. G., Carmichael, H., Mcintyre, R. C., Wright, F. L., Urban, S., Martin, R. C. G., Bhutiani, N., Diaz, J. J., Abdou, H., O'Meara, L. B., Richmond, M., Almasri, M., Marwan, H., Mehdi, M. Q., Kulkarni, G., Ban, V. S., Aoun, S. G., Batjer, H. H., Bhangu, A., Guided Treatment in Optimal Selected Cancer Patients (GUTS), Robotics and image-guided minimally-invasive surgery (ROBOTICS), and Universidad de Cantabria
Subjects: Male, Emergency Medical Services, Respiratory Tract Diseases, Coronavirus Infections/complications, sars cov2, Settore MED/10 - MALATTIE DELL'APPARATO RESPIRATORIO, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, SARS-CoV-2, acute respiratory syndrome, pulmonary complication, 0302 clinical medicine, Postoperative Complications, Retrospective Studie, CONSENSUS DEFINITIONS, Epidemiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine, Surgery, Postoperative complications, Mortality, COVID-19, 030212 general & internal medicine, Hospital Mortality, Viral, Respiratory Tract Disease, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Mortality rate, Covid19, Operative/adverse effects, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Elective Surgical Procedures/adverse effects, Operative, Elective Surgical Procedures, Surgical Procedures, Operative, Female, COVID-19. Global surgery. Perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. International cohort study, Coronavirus Infections, Human, Cohort study, Surgical Procedures, Operative/adverse effects, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Respiratory Tract Diseases/etiology, Pneumonia, Viral, NO, COVIDSurg Collaborative, 03 medical and health sciences, Viral/complications, Betacoronavirus, Young Adult, General & Internal Medicine, Humans, Mortality, Elective surgery, Pandemics, LS7_4, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Surgical Procedures, Betacoronaviru, Elective Surgical Procedure, Pandemic, Coronavirus Infection, Emergency Medical Service, business.industry, No key words available, Postoperative complication, COVID-19, Retrospective cohort study, Odds ratio, Perioperative, Pneumonia, Surgery, Pneumonia, Viral/complications, Postoperative Complication, business
Abstract: The lancet 396(10243), 27-38 (2020). doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31182-X, Published by Elsevier, London [u.a.]
Published: 2020

4. Severe traumatic brain injury: is there a gender difference in mortality?

Author: Ottochian, Marcus, Salim, Ali, Berry, Cherisse, Chan, Linda S., Wilson, Matthew T., and Margulies, Daniel R.
Subjects: Brain -- Injuries, Brain -- Health aspects, Mortality, Health
Abstract: To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2008.09.008 Byline: Marcus Ottochian (a), Ali Salim (b), Cherisse Berry (b), Linda S. Chan (a), Matthew T. Wilson (b), Daniel R. Margulies (b) Keywords: Trauma; Traumatic brain injury; Gender; Outcome; Mortality Abstract: Emerging evidence suggests that male and female nervous systems respond differently to traumatic brain injury (TBI). The objective of this study was to examine outcomes between the sexes after TBI. Author Affiliation: (a) Division of Trauma, Los Angeles County University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA (b) Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Suite 8215N, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA Article History: Received 11 May 2008; Revised 18 September 2008 Article Note: (footnote) The authors have no conflict of interest to report and have received no financial or material support related to this manuscript.
Published: 2009

5. Impact of positive fluid balance on critically ill surgical patients: A prospective observational study.

Author: Barmparas, Galinos, Liou, Douglas, Lee, Debora, Fierro, Nicole, Bloom, Matthew, Ley, Eric, Salim, Ali, and Bukur, Marko
Subjects: ACADEMIC medical centers, REGULATION of body fluids, CHI-squared test, CONFIDENCE intervals, CRITICALLY ill, INFECTION, INTENSIVE care units, LONGITUDINAL method, MORTALITY, HEALTH outcome assessment, PATIENTS, POSTOPERATIVE care, QUALITY assurance, SURGERY, T-test (Statistics), LOGISTIC regression analysis, TREATMENT effectiveness, DATA analysis software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics
Published: 2014
Full Text: View/download PDF

6. Does age matter? The relationship between age and mortality in penetrating trauma

Author: Ottochian, Marcus, Salim, Ali, DuBose, Joseph, Teixeira, Pedro G.R., Chan, Linda S., and Margulies, Daniel R.
Subjects: *TRAUMATIC shock (Pathology), *MORTALITY, *DISEASES in older people, *AGE factors in disease
Abstract: Abstract: Purpose: Trauma is a significant cause of mortality among elderly patients, with blunt mechanisms accounting for the majority of deaths in this population. Penetrating trauma promises to evolve as an increasingly important aetiology of mortality in the elderly; particularly as the age composition of the overall population continues to shift. Unfortunately, very little data regarding outcomes following penetrating trauma in the elderly exists. The purpose of this study was to define the relationship between age and mortality following penetrating injuries and determine if differences between outcomes of elderly patients sustaining penetrating and blunt trauma exist. Methods: After IRB approval, we conducted a retrospective trauma registry review at an urban Level 1 trauma centre between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2005. Demographic, injury, and mortality data for all patients were recorded. The relationship between age and mortality for both blunt and penetrating injuries was examined by comparison of age-specific mortality and relative risk of mortality for both mechanisms at 10 year age intervals. Additionally, the relative risk and 95% confidence interval for mortality in each age group were compared. Results: There were 26,333 blunt trauma admissions and 8843 penetrating trauma admissions during the 8-year study period. The mortality following both blunt and penetrating trauma remained stable until the age of 55 and increased steadily thereafter. When differences in mortality following blunt and penetrating mechanisms were examined, the overall mortality of penetrating trauma was found to be 2.63 times that of blunt (11.0% vs. 4.2%, RR 2.63; 95% CI: 2.42, 2.85, p <0.0001). After adjustment for age and other confounding factors, the relative risk of mortality due to penetrating mechanisms was 1.65 (95% CI: 0.88, 2.89, p =0.10) that of blunt mechanism counterparts. Although statistically higher in penetrating trauma, the relative risk of mortality between penetrating and blunt trauma decreased with increasing age. Conclusion: The mortality rate with respect to penetrating trauma remains relatively constant until the age of 55, increasing thereafter. When compared to blunt trauma, the relationship between age and mortality in penetrating trauma is similar except that the relative mortality in penetrating trauma is significantly higher for each age group. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2009
Full Text: View/download PDF

7. Mortality Impact of Hypothermia After Cavitary Explorations in Trauma.

Author: Inaba, Kenji, Teixeira, Pedro G. R., Rhee, Peter, Brown, Carlos, Salim, Ali, DuBose, Joseph, Chan, Linda S., and Demetriades, Demetrios
Subjects: HYPOTHERMIA, MORTALITY, TRAUMA surgery, ABDOMINAL surgery, WOUNDS & injuries, PATIENTS
Abstract: Background Admission hypothermia (core temperature ≤ 35°C) is an independent risk factor for mortality after trauma. The predictive value of perioperative core temperatures during acute trauma surgery, however, although widely employed as a criterion for initiating damage control, is unknown. We hypothesized that for trauma patients undergoing laparotomy or thoracotomy, early postoperative hypothermia is a predictor of mortality.Methods After institutional review board (IRB) approval, all critically ill trauma patients undergoing cavitary surgery (laparotomy or thoracotomy) at a level 1 trauma center from 01/1998 to 07/2006 were identified from the trauma registry. Immediate postoperative core temperature (Tc) was used to classify patients as hypothermic (Tc ≤ 35°C) or normothermic (Tc > 35°C). The profoundly hypothermic subgroup of patients with a Tc < 33°C was also analyzed.Results During the study period, 2,489 patients required cavitary surgery, 1,252 of whom (50%) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). On arrival in the ICU 15% of the patients had a Tc ≤ 35°C and were more likely to be ≥ 55 years old (12% versus 7%; p = 0.04); in addition, they were hypotensive on admission (25% versus 13%; p < 0.001), had a lower admission Glasgow Coma Score (GCS; 11 ± 5 versus 14 ± 3; p < 0.001), a higher Injury Severity Score (ISS; 29 ± 15 versus 22 ± 12; p < 0.001), higher head and chest Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), and greater intraoperative blood loss (2.6 ± 2.4 l versus 1.7 ± 1.8 l; p < 0.001). When compared to patients who were normothermic at the end of their operation, hypothermic patients had a significantly higher mortality (35% versus 8%; p < 0.001). With decreasing Tc, there was a stepwise increase in mortality. Compared to patients with a Tc > 35°C, the relative risk of death for patients with a Tc between 35°C and 33°C was 4.0, and that for patients with a Tc ≤ 33°C it was 7.1. After adjusting for multiple differences between groups, postoperative hypothermia remained an independent predictor of mortality (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9–5.3; p < 0.001).Conclusions Postoperative hypothermia is common in critically injured patients requiring cavitary surgery and is an independent predictor of mortality. The impact of measures to maintain or restore normothermia in the operating room warrants further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2009
Full Text: View/download PDF

8. The presence of the adult respiratory distress syndrome does not worsen mortality or discharge disability in blunt trauma patients with severe traumatic brain injury

Author: Salim, Ali, Martin, Matthew, Brown, Carlos, Inaba, Kenji, Browder, Timothy, Rhee, Peter, Teixeira, Pedro G.R., and Demetriades, Demetrios
Subjects: *RESPIRATORY distress syndrome, *BLUNT trauma, *BRAIN injuries, *MORTALITY
Abstract: Summary: Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) among blunt trauma patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to determine if ARDS is associated with higher mortality, morbidity and worse discharge outcome. Methods: Blunt trauma patients with TBI (head abbreviated injury score {AIS}≥4) who developed predefined ARDS criteria between January 2000 and December 2004 were prospectively collected as part of an ongoing ARDS database. Each patient in the TBI+ARDS group was matched with two control TBI patients based on age, injury severity score (ISS) and head AIS. Outcomes including complications, mortality and discharge disability were compared between the two groups. Results: Among 362 TBI patients, 28 (7.7%) developed ARDS. There were no differences between the two groups with respect to age, sex, ISS, Glasgow coma score (GCS), head, abdomen and extremity AIS. The TBI+ARDS group had significantly more patients with chest AIS≥3 (57.1% versus 32.1%, p =0.03). There was no difference with respect to overall mortality between the TBI+ARDS group (50.0%) and the TBI group (51.8%) (OR 0.79: 95% CI 0.31–2.03, p =0.63). There was no significant difference with respect to discharge functional capacity between the two groups. There were significantly more overall complications in the TBI+ARDS group (42.9%) compared to the TBI group (16.1%) (OR 3.66: 95% CI 1.19–11.24, p =0.02). The TBI+ARDS group had an overall mean intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay of 15.6 days, versus 8.4 days in the TBI group (p <0.01). The TBI+ARDS group had significantly higher hospital charges than the TBI group ($210,097 versus $115,342, p <0.01). Conclusion: The presence of ARDS was not associated with higher mortality or worse discharge disability. It was, however, associated with higher hospital morbidity, longer ICU and hospital length of stay. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2008
Full Text: View/download PDF

9. Sarcopenia Is Associated With Increased Mortality in Patients With Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections.

Author: Castillo-Angeles, Manuel, Uyeda, Jennifer W., Seshadri, Anupamaa J., Ramsis, Ramsis, Okafor, Barbara U., Nitzschke, Stephanie, Rangel, Erika L., Saillant, Noelle N., Salim, Ali, and Askari, Reza
Subjects: *SOFT tissue infections, *NECROTIZING fasciitis, *SARCOPENIA, *HOSPITAL mortality, *PSOAS muscles, *CROSS-sectional imaging
Abstract: Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are surgical emergencies associated with high morbidity and mortality. Identifying risk factors for poor outcome is a critical part of preoperative decision-making and counseling. Sarcopenia, the loss of lean muscle mass, has been associated with an increased risk of mortality and can be measured using cross-sectional imaging. Our aim was to determine the impact of sarcopenia on mortality in patients with NSTI. We hypothesized that sarcopenia would be associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients with NSTI. This is a retrospective cohort study of NSTI patients admitted from 1995 to 2015 to two academic institutions. Operative and pathology reports were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis in all cases. Average bilateral psoas muscle cross-sectional area at L4, normalized for height (Total Psoas Index [TPI]), was calculated using computed tomography (CT). Sarcopenia was defined as TPI in the lowest sex-specific quartile. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the association between sarcopenia and in-hospital mortality. There were 115 patients with preoperative imaging, 61% male and a median age of 57 y interquartile range (IQR 46.6-67.0). Overall in-hospital mortality was 12.1%. There was no significant difference in sex, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities and American Society of Anesthesiologists classification (Table 1). After multivariate analysis, sarcopenia was independently associated with increased in-hospital mortality (Odds ratio, 3.5; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 1.05-11.8). Sarcopenia is associated with increased risk of in-hospital mortality in patients with NSTIs. Sarcopenia identifies patients with higher likelihood of poor outcomes, which can possibly help surgeons in counseling their patients and families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

10. Relationship Between American College of Surgeons Trauma Center Designation and Mortality in Patients with Severe Trauma (Injury Severity Score > 15)

Author: Demetriades, Demetrios, Martin, Matthew, Salim, Ali, Rhee, Peter, Brown, Carlos, Doucet, Jay, and Chan, Linda
Subjects: *TRAUMA centers, *MORTALITY, *HEALTH care teams, *PATIENTS, *MEDICAL research
Abstract: Background: We studied the association of the American College of Surgeons (ACS) trauma center designation and mortality in adult patients with severe trauma (Injury Severity Score > 15). ACS designation of trauma centers into different levels requires substantial financial and human resources commitments. There is very little work published on the association of ACS trauma center designation and outcomes in severe trauma. Study design: National Trauma Data Bank study including all adult trauma admissions (older than 14 years of age) with Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 15. The relationship between ACS level of trauma designation and survival outcomes was evaluated after adjusting for age, mechanism of injury, ISS, hypotension on admission, severe liver trauma, aortic, vena cava, iliac vascular, and penetrating cardiac injuries. Results: A total of 130,154 patients from 256 trauma centers met the inclusion criteria. Adjusted mortality in ACS-designated Level II centers and undesignated centers was notably higher than in Level I centers (adjusted odds ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.09−120; p < 0.0001 and adjusted odds ratio, 1.09; CI, 1.05−1.13; p < 0.0001, respectively). Conclusions: Severely injured patients with ISS > 15 treated in ACS Level I trauma centers have considerably better survival outcomes than those treated in ACS Level II centers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2006
Full Text: View/download PDF

11. Liver cirrhosis in patients undergoing laparotomy for trauma: Effect on outcomes

Author: Demetriades, Demetrios, Constantinou, Constantinos, Salim, Ali, Velmahos, George, Rhee, Peter, and Chan, Linda
Subjects: *CIRRHOSIS of the liver, *TRAUMATISM, *ABDOMINAL surgery, *MORTALITY
Abstract: There is little published work on the effect of cirrhosis on outcomes in trauma patients undergoing laparotomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of death or serious complications in cirrhotic trauma patients undergoing laparotomy as compared with that in a similar group of patients without cirrhosis.During a 12-year period, there were 46 patients with the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis made during laparotomy for trauma. Each patient was matched with two noncirrhotic controls on the basis of 7 criteria: age (>55, ≤55 years), gender, mechanism of injury (blunt, penetrating), Injury Severity Score (≤15, 16–25, >25), head Abbreviated Injury Score (<3, ≥3), chest Abbreviated Injury Score (<3, ≥3), and abdominal Abbreviated Injury Score (<3, ≥3). Six cirrhotic patients were excluded because matching was not possible. The remaining 40 patients were matched with 80 noncirrhotic control patients selected from a pool of 4,771 patients who had trauma laparotomies. Outcomes included mortality, ARDS, pneumonia, renal failure, abdominal sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, ICU and hospital stay, and hospital charges. Outcomes between the two study groups were compared with conditional logistic analysis. Hazard ratio (95% CI) and adjusted p value with the stepdown Bonferroni method were derived.The overall mortality in the cirrhotic group was significantly higher than that in the matched noncirrhotic group (45% versus 24%, hazard ratio: 7.60 [2.00, 28.94], p = 0.021). Mortality in patients with Injury Severity Score ≤15 was 29% in the cirrhotic group and 5% in the noncirrhotic group (p = 0.013) and in patients with Injury Severity Score 16–25, mortality was 56% and 11%, respectively (p = 0.024). The incidence of any of the predetermined complications was 45% in the cirrhotic group and 23% in the noncirrhotic group (p = 0.110). The mean surgical ICU stay was 11.5 days and 6.6 days, respectively (p = 0.037), and the mean hospital charges were $141,210 and $72,884, respectively (p = 0.031).Cirrhotic trauma patients undergoing laparotomy are at high risk of serious complications and death, even after fairly minor injuries. This group of patients should be admitted to the ICU for close monitoring and aggressive management irrespective of the severity of injuries. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2004
Full Text: View/download PDF

12. Selective Nonoperative Management of Abdominal Gunshot Wounds from Heresy to Adoption: A Multicenter Study of the Research Consortium of New England Centers for Trauma (ReCoNECT).

Author: Peponis, Thomas, Kasotakis, George, Yu, Jielin, Alouidor, Reginald, Burkott, Barbara, Maung, Adrian A., Johnson, Dirk C., Saillant, Noelle, Walden, Heath, Salim, Ali, Bryant, Elizabeth, Dorfman, Jon D., Klein, Eric N., Elefant, Ronen, Tabrizi, Maryam B., Bugaev, Nikolay, Arabian, Sandra S., and Velmahos, George C.
Subjects: *GUNSHOT wounds, *TRAUMA centers, *ABDOMINAL surgery, *HOSPITAL admission & discharge, *MORTALITY, *DISEASE incidence
Abstract: Background Selective nonoperative management (SNOM) of abdominal gunshot wounds is being practiced in certain trauma centers, but its broader acceptance in the surgical community is unknown. We hypothesized that SNOM has been adopted in New England as an acceptable method of abdominal gunshot wound management. Study Design We reviewed the medical records of abdominal gunshot wound patients admitted from January 1996 to June 2015, in 10 New England Level I and II trauma centers. Outcomes included the incidence, success, and failure of SNOM, and morbidity and mortality related to SNOM. Results Of 922 patients, 707 (77%) received immediate laparotomy (IMMLAP) and 215 (23%) were managed by SNOM. Compared with IMMLAP patients, those with SNOM had a lower median Injury Severity Score (16 vs 8; p < 0.001), lower incidence of complications (34.7% vs 8.5%; p < 0.001) and mortality (5.2% vs 0.5%; p = 0.002), and shorter ICU and hospital stays (median days 1 of 8 vs 0 of 2, respectively; p < 0.001). One SNOM patient died after 3 days due to a gunshot wound to the head. The overall incidence of SNOM increased from 18% before 2010 to 27% in the following years (p = 0.001). Eighteen patients (8.4%) had unsuccessful SNOM and underwent delayed laparotomy at an average of 12.5 hours (range 141 minutes to 48 hours) after arrival. Nine of them (4.2%) experienced complications that were not directly related to the delayed laparotomy, and none died. The rate of nontherapeutic laparotomies was 14.7% among IMMLAP and 5.5% among delayed laparotomy patients (p = 0.49). Conclusions Selective nonoperative management of abdominal gunshot wounds, despite being a heresy only a few years ago, has now been established as an acceptable method of management in Level I and II trauma centers in New England. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

13. Are appendectomy outcomes in level I trauma centers as good as we think?

Author: Metcalfe, David, Olufajo, Olubode, Rios-Diaz, Arturo J., Haider, Adil, Havens, Joaquim M., Nitzschke, Stephanie, Cooper, Zara, and Salim, Ali
Subjects: *APPENDECTOMY, *TRAUMA centers, *TRAUMA severity indices, *LENGTH of stay in hospitals, *MORTALITY, INTERNATIONAL Statistical Classification of Diseases & Related Health Problems
Abstract: Background Designated trauma centers improve outcomes for severely injured patients. However, major trauma workload can disrupt other care pathways and some patient groups may compete ineffectively for resources with higher priority trauma cases. This study tested the hypothesis that treatment at a higher-level trauma center is an independent predictor for worse outcome after appendectomy. Methods An observational study was undertaken using an all-payer longitudinal data set (California State Inpatient Database 2007–2011). All patients with an ICD-90-CM diagnosis of “acute appendicitis” (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code 540) that subsequently underwent appendectomy were included. Patients transferred between hospitals were excluded to minimize selection bias. The outcome measures were days to the operating room, length of stay, unplanned 30-d readmission (to any hospital in California), and in-hospital mortality. Logistic and generalized linear regression models were used to adjust for patient- (age, sex, payer status, race, Charlson comorbidity index, weekend admission, and generalized peritonitis) and hospital-level (teaching status and bed size) factors. Results There were 119,601 patients treated in 278 individual hospitals. Patients in level I trauma centers (L1TCs) reached the operating room later (predicted mean difference 0.25 d [95% confidence interval 0.14–0.36]), stayed in hospital longer (0.83 d [0.36–1.31]), and had higher adjusted odds of generalized peritonitis (odds ratio 1.63 [95% confidence interval 1.13–2.36]) than those in nontrauma centers. There were no differences in mortality or unplanned 30-d readmissions to hospital; or between level II trauma centers and nontrauma centers across any of the measured outcomes. Conclusions Odds of generalized peritonitis are higher and hospital length of stay is longer in L1TCs, although we found no evidence that patients come to serious harm in such institutions. Further work is necessary to determine whether pressure for resources in L1TCs can explain these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

14. The elderly patient with spinal injury: treat or transfer?

Author: Barmparas, Galinos, Cooper, Zara, Haider, Adil H., Havens, Joaquim M., Askari, Reza, and Salim, Ali
Subjects: *SPINAL cord injuries, *THERAPEUTICS, *OLDER patients, *TRAUMA centers, *MORTALITY, *RETROSPECTIVE studies, *CRITICAL care medicine, *COHORT analysis
Abstract: Background The purpose of this investigation was to delineate whether elderly patients with spinal injuries benefit from transfers to higher level trauma centers. Methods Retrospective review of the National Trauma Data Bank 2007 to 2011, including patients > 65 (y) with any spinal fracture and/or spinal cord injury from a blunt mechanism. Patients who were transferred to level I and II centers from other facilities were compared to those admitted and received their definitive treatment at level III or other centers. Results Of 3,313,117 eligible patients, 43,637 (1.3%) met inclusion criteria: 19,588 (44.9%) were transferred to level I–II centers, and 24,049 (55.1%) received definitive treatment at level III or other centers. Most of the patients (95.8%) had a spinal fracture without a spinal cord injury. Transferred patients were more likely to require an intensive care unit admission (48.5% versus 36.0%, P < 0.001) and ventilatory support (16.1% versus 13.3%, P < 0.001). Mortality for the entire cohort was 7.7% (8.6% versus 7.1%, P < 0.001) and significantly higher, at 21.7% for patients with a spinal cord injury (22.3% versus 21.0%, P < 0.001). After adjusting for all available covariates, there was no difference in the adjusted mortality between patients transferred to higher level centers and those treated at lower level centers (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.05 [0.95–1.17], P = 0.325). Conclusions Transfer of elderly patients with spinal injuries to higher level trauma centers is not associated with improved survival. Future studies should explore the justifications used for these transfers and focus on other outcome measures such as functional status to determine the potential benefit from such practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

15. Trauma systems are associated with increased level 3 trauma centers.

Author: Kelly, Edward, Kiemele, Erica R., Reznor, Gally, Havens, Joaquim M., Cooper, Zara, and Salim, Ali
Subjects: *TRAUMA centers, *MORTALITY, *DEMOGRAPHY, *RETROSPECTIVE studies, *MEDICAL care costs, *HYPOTHESIS
Abstract: Background State-supported trauma systems have a proven association with improved mortality, but to date, there are no data reported on what mechanism leads to this benefit. Our hypothesis is that trauma systems with funding support are associated with increased number of trauma centers (TCs). Materials and methods A retrospective population study: data for the number of American College of Surgeons–verified adult TCs in 2010 were obtained from the American College of Surgeons and for state-designated TCs from state departments of health. Population and gross domestic product (GDP) were obtained from the US Census. The main outcome measure was the number of TCs per population and per GDP. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Mann–Whitney U -test and Poisson regression. Results There was no association between a trauma system and the numbers of level 1 or 2 centers. In states with funded trauma systems, the numbers of level 3 centers per GDP and per million state population were 4.76 ± 2.37/$100 billion and 1.77 ± 0.51/million people compared with 0.72 ± 1.72/$100 billion and 0.28 ± 0.60/million people for unfunded states ( P < 0.05). Poisson multivariate regression identified system funding as an independent predictor of number of level 3 centers. Conclusions Our study shows that the number of level 3 TCs significantly and independently correlated with the presence of a funded trauma system. The number of level 1 and 2 centers showed no such correlation. Further study will determine if increased number of level 3 centers leads to improved clinical outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

16. Emergency department blood transfusion: the first two units are free.

Author: Ley, Eric J., Liou, Douglas Z., Singer, Matthew B., Mirocha, James, Melo, Nicolas, Chung, Rex, Bukur, Marko, and Salim, Ali
Subjects: *MEDICAL emergencies, *BLOOD transfusion, *WOUNDS & injuries, *MORTALITY, *ERYTHROCYTES, *MULTIVARIATE analysis, *LOGISTIC regression analysis
Abstract: Abstract: Introduction: Studies on blood product transfusions after trauma recommend targeting specific ratios to reduce mortality. Although crystalloid volumes as little as 1.5 L predict increased mortality after trauma, little data is available regarding the threshold of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion volume that predicts increased mortality. Materials and methods: Data from a level I trauma center between January 2000 and December 2008 were reviewed. Trauma patients who received at least 100 mL RBC in the emergency department (ED) were included. Each unit of RBC was defined as 300 mL. Demographics, RBC transfusion volume, and mortality were analyzed in the nonelderly (<70 y) and elderly (≥70 y). Multivariate logistic regression was performed at various volume cutoffs to determine whether there was a threshold transfusion volume that independently predicted mortality. Results: A total of 560 patients received ≥100 mL RBC in the ED. Overall mortality was 24.3%, with 22.5% (104 deaths) in the nonelderly and 32.7% (32 deaths) in the elderly. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that RBC transfusion of ≥900 mL was associated with increased mortality in both the nonelderly (adjusted odds ratio 2.06, P = 0.008) and elderly (adjusted odds ratio 5.08, P = 0.006). Conclusions: Although transfusion of greater than 2 units in the ED was an independent predictor of mortality, transfusion of 2 units or less was not. Interestingly, unlike crystalloid volume, stepwise increases in blood volume were not associated with stepwise increases in mortality. The underlying etiology for mortality discrepancies, such as transfusion ratios, hypothermia, or immunosuppression, needs to be better delineated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2013
Full Text: View/download PDF

17. Supratherapeutic vancomycin levels after trauma predict acute kidney injury and mortality.

Author: Ley, Eric J., Liou, Douglas Z., Singer, Matthew B., Mirocha, James, Srour, Marissa, Bukur, Marko, Margulies, Daniel R., and Salim, Ali
Subjects: *VANCOMYCIN, *TRAUMATOLOGY, *KIDNEY injuries, *MORTALITY, *DRUG dosage, *STAPHYLOCOCCUS aureus, *RISK factors of pneumonia
Abstract: Abstract: Introduction: High-dose vancomycin is increasingly prescribed for critically ill trauma patients at risk for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. Although trauma patients have multiple known risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI), a link between vancomycin and AKI or mortality has not been established. We hypothesize that high vancomycin trough concentration (VT) after trauma is associated with AKI and increased mortality. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis from a single institution Level I trauma center. Data were reviewed for all adult trauma patients who were admitted between 2006 and 2010. Patients were included if they received intravenous vancomycin, had serum creatinine levels before and after vancomycin administration, and had at least one recorded VT. Patients were stratified by VT into four groups: VT1 = 0–10 mg/L, VT2 = 10.1–15 mg/L, VT3 = 15.1–20 mg/L, VT4 >20 mg/L. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine the association between VT, AKI, and mortality. Results: Of the 6781 trauma patients reviewed, 263 (3.9%) fit inclusion criteria. Ninety-seven (36.9%) patients developed AKI and 25 (9.5%) died. AKI and mortality increased progressively with VT. Ninety-one patients (34.6%) had troughs >20 mg/L and VT4 was independently associated with AKI (AOR 4.7, P < 0.01) and mortality (AOR 4.8, P = 0.05). Conclusion: AKI is common in trauma patients who receive intravenous vancomycin. A supratherapeutic trough level of >20 mg/L is an independent predictor of AKI and mortality in trauma patients. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2013
Full Text: View/download PDF

18. Insurance type, not race, predicts mortality after pediatric trauma.

Author: Short, Scott S., Liou, Douglas Z., Singer, Matthew B., Bloom, Matthew B., Margulies, Daniel R., Bukur, Marko, Salim, Ali, and Ley, Eric J.
Subjects: *HEALTH insurance, *MORTALITY, *CHILDREN'S injuries, *MULTIVARIATE analysis, *HOSPITAL admission & discharge, *MEDICAL research
Abstract: Abstract: Background: In adult trauma, mortality varies with race and insurance status. In the elderly, insurance type has little impact on mortality after trauma and the influence of race is reduced. How race and insurance affect pediatric trauma requires further attention. We hypothesized that mortality after pediatric trauma is influenced by insurance type and not race. Methods: We reviewed all cases of blunt trauma in children ≤13 y requiring admission, using the National Trauma Data Bank Research Data Sets for 2007 and 2008. Exclusions included an Abbreviated Injury Score of 6 for any body region, dead on arrival, and missing data. Our primary outcome measure was in-hospital mortality. Results: We identified 831 Asian (1.2%), 10,592 black (15.5%), 45,173 white (66.2%), and 8498 Hispanic (12.5%) children, and 3161 children (4.6%) classified as other race. Mean age was 7.4 ± 4.5 y, 11.9% were uninsured, and overall in-hospital mortality was 1.4%. Multivariable modeling indicated that race was not associated with increased mortality (Asian versus white, adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.05, P = 0.88; black versus white, AOR 0.92, P = 0.42; Hispanic versus white, AOR 0.87, P = 0.26; and other race versus white, AOR 1.01, P = 0.96). In contrast, insurance status (any insurance versus no insurance, AOR 0.6, P < 0.01) and insurance type (private insurance versus no insurance, AOR 0.47, P < 0.01; Medicaid versus no insurance, 0.67, P < 0.01) predicted reduced mortality. Conclusions: Insurance status and insurance type are important predictors of mortality after pediatric trauma while, in contrast, race is not. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2013
Full Text: View/download PDF

19. Implementing acute care surgery at a level I trauma center: 1-year prospective evaluation of the impact of this shift on trauma volumes and outcomes.

Author: Branco, Bernardino C., Inaba, Kenji, Lam, Lydia, Konstantinidis, Agathoklis, Tang, Andrew L., Talving, Peep, Salim, Ali, and Demetriades, Demetrios
Subjects: *CRITICAL care medicine, *HEALTH outcome assessment, *DEMOGRAPHIC surveys, *SURGICAL complications, *MORTALITY, HOSPITAL information systems
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the transition to acute care surgery (ACS) on trauma volumes and outcomes. METHODS: All admissions from 2 1-year periods from June 2008 to May 2010 (1 year before ACS and 1 year after ACS) to the LAC+USC Medical Center were prospectively collected. In anticipation of this change, trauma patient demographics, clinical data, and outcomes (trauma volume and preventable and potentially preventable deaths and complications) were prospectively collected. RESULTS: Before ACS, there were 5,378 trauma admissions. After ACS, there were 5,726 (66.5%) trauma and 2,886 (33.5%) nontrauma admissions. There were no demographic or clinical differences between trauma patients in the 2 groups. There was no significant difference in overall mortality (3.8% before ACS vs 3.3% after ACS, P = .292). Similarly, there were no differences in the rates of preventable and potentially preventable deaths or complications observed (1.2% vs 1.0%, P = .374) during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a 60% increase in total patient volume and a 233% increase in operative volume over the study period, the addition of emergency surgery to a trauma service did not compromise trauma patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2013
Full Text: View/download PDF

20. Support for blood alcohol screening in pediatric trauma.

Author: Ley, Eric J., Singer, Matthew B., Short, Scott S., Liou, Douglas, Bukur, Marko, Malinoski, Darren J., Margulies, Daniel R., and Salim, Ali
Subjects: *BLOOD alcohol, *PEDIATRIC trauma centers, *ALCOHOLISM, *COMPARATIVE studies, *MEDICAL screening, *MORTALITY
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Alcohol intoxication in pediatric trauma is underappreciated. The aim of this study was to characterize alcohol screening rates in pediatric trauma METHODS: The Los Angeles County Trauma System Database was queried for all patients aged < 18 years who required admission between 2003 and 2008. Patients were compared by age and gender. RESULTS: A total of 18,598 patients met the inclusion criteria; 4,899 (26.3%) underwent blood alcohol screening, and 2,797 (57.1%) of those screened positive. Screening increased with age (3.3% for 0-9 years, 15.1% for 10-14 years, and 45.4% for 15-18 years; P < .01), as did alcohol intoxication (1.9% for 0-9 years, 5.8% 10-14 years, and 27.3% for 15-18 years; P < .01). Male gender predicted higher mortality in those aged 15 to 18 years (adjusted odds ratio, 1.7; P < .01), while alcohol intoxication did not (adjusted odds ratio, .97; P = .84). CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol intoxication is common in adolescent trauma patients. Screening is en-couraged for pediatric trauma patients aged >10 years who require admission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2012
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. Beta-blocker exposure in the absence of significant head injuries is associated with reduced mortality in critically ill patients

Author: Bukur, Marko, Lustenberger, Thomas, Cotton, Bryan, Arbabi, Saman, Talving, Peep, Salim, Ali, Ley, Eric J., and Inaba, Kenji
Subjects: *ADRENERGIC beta blockers, *HEAD injuries, *CRITICALLY ill, *WOUNDS & injuries, *HEALTH outcome assessment, *LOGISTIC regression analysis, *PATIENTS
Abstract: Abstract: Background: The effect of β-blockade in trauma patients without significant head injuries is unknown. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the impact of β-blocker exposure on mortality in critically injured trauma patients who did not sustain significant head injuries. Methods: Critically ill trauma patients (Injury Severity Score ≥ 25) admitted to the surgical intensive care unit from January 2000 to December 2008 without severe traumatic brain injuries (head Abbreviated Injury Score ≥ 3) were included in this retrospective review. Patients who received β-blockers within 30 days of intensive care unit admission were compared with those who did not. The primary outcome measure evaluated was in-hospital mortality. Results: During the 9-year study period, 663 critically injured patients (Injury Severity Score ≥ 25) were admitted to the intensive care unit. Of these, 98 patients (14.8%) received β-blockers. Patients exposed to β-blockers had significantly lower in-hospital mortality (11.2% vs 19.3%, P = .006). Stepwise logistic regression identified β-blocker use as an independent protective factor for mortality (adjusted odds ratio, .37; P = .007) in critically injured patients. Conclusions: Beta-blocker exposure was associated with reduced mortality in critically injured patients without head injuries. Prospective validation of this finding is warranted. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2012
Full Text: View/download PDF

22. Redefining hypotension in traumatic brain injury

Author: Berry, Cherisse, Ley, Eric J., Bukur, Marko, Malinoski, Darren, Margulies, Daniel R., Mirocha, James, and Salim, Ali
Subjects: *BRAIN injury treatment, *HYPOTENSION, *SYSTOLIC blood pressure, *MEDICAL statistics, *RETROSPECTIVE studies, *PERFUSION
Abstract: Abstract: Background: Systemic hypotension is a well documented predictor of increased mortality following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Hypotension is traditionally defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP)<90mmHg. Recent evidence defines hypotension by a higher SBP in injured (non-TBI) trauma patients. We hypothesize that hypotension threshold requires a higher SBP in isolated moderate to severe TBI. Patients and methods: A retrospective database review of all adults (≥15 years) with isolated moderate to severe TBI (head abbreviated injury score (AIS)≥3, all other AIS≤3), admitted from five Level I and eight Level II trauma centres (Los Angeles County), between 1998 and 2005. Several fit statistic analyses were performed for each admission SBP from 60 to 180mmHg to identify the model that most accurately defined hypotension for three age groups: 15–49 years, 50–69 years, and ≥70 years. The main outcome variable was mortality, and the optimal definition of hypotension for each group was determined from the best fit model. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were then calculated to determine increased odds in mortality for the defined optimal SBP within each age group. Results: A total of 15,733 patients were analysed. The optimal threshold of hypotension according to the best fit model was SBP of 110mmHg for patients 15–49 years (AOR 1.98, CI 1.65–2.39, p <0.0001), 100mmHg for patients 50–69 years (AOR 2.20, CI 1.46–3.31, p =0.0002), and 110mmHg for patients ≥70 years (AOR 1.92, CI 1.35–2.74, p =0.0003). Conclusions: Patients with isolated moderate to severe TBI should be considered hypotensive for SBP<110mmHg. Further research should confirm this new definition of hypotension by correlation with indices of perfusion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2012
Full Text: View/download PDF

23. Decreased Intracranial Pressure Monitor Use At Level II Trauma Centers Is Associated with Increased Mortality.

Author: Barmparas, Galinos, Singer, Matthew, Ley, Eric, Chung, Rex, Malinoski, Darren, Margulies, Daniel, Salim, Ali, and Bukur, Marko
Subjects: *TRAUMA centers, *TRAUMATOLOGY, *BRAIN injuries, *MORTALITY, *HOSPITAL emergency services
Abstract: Previous investigations suggest outcome differences at Level I and Level II trauma centers. We examined use of intracranial pressure (ICP) monitors at Level I and Level II trauma centers after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and its effect on mortality. The 2007 to 2008 National Trauma Data- bank was reviewed for patients with an indication for ICP monitoring based on Brain Trauma Foundation (BTF) guidelines. Demographic and clinical outcomes at Level I and Level II centers were compared by regression modeling. Overall, 15,921 patients met inclusion criteria; 11,017 were admitted to a Level I and 4,904 to a Level II trauma center. Patients with TBI admitted to a Level II trauma center had a lower rate of Injury Severity Score greater than 16 (80 vs 82%, P < 0.01) and lower frequency of head Abbreviated Injury Score greater than 3 (80 vs 82%, P < 0.01). After regression modeling, patients with TBI admitted to a Level II trauma center were 31 per cent less likely to receive an ICP monitor (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.69; P < 0.01) and had a significantly higher mortality (AOR, 1.12; P < 0.01). Admission to a Level II trauma center after severe TBI is associated with a decreased use of ICP monitoring in patients who meet BTF criteria as well as an increased mortality. These differences should be validated prospectively to narrow these discrepancies in care and outcomes between Level I and Level II centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2012
Full Text: View/download PDF

24. Incidence of venous thromboembolism after inferior vena cava injury

Author: Singer, Matthew B., Hadjibashi, Anoushiravan Amini, Bukur, Marko, Ley, Eric J., Mirocha, James, Malinoski, Darren J., Margulies, Daniel R., and Salim, Ali
Subjects: *THROMBOEMBOLISM, *VENA cava inferior, *HEALTH outcome assessment, *MORTALITY, *MEDICAL statistics, *GUNSHOT wounds, *WOUNDS & injuries
Abstract: Abstract: Background: Complications after inferior vena cava (IVC) injury, including venous thromboembolism (VTE), are expected, but the exact incidence is poorly defined. The purpose of this study is to examine the VTE rate following ligation versus repair of IVC injuries. Materials and methods: The California State Inpatient Database was queried for all adult patients (age >14 y) admitted between 2005 and 2008 with IVC injuries. Demographic data, mechanism of injury, operative technique (ligation versus repair), and outcomes were recorded. Outcomes were compared according to operative technique. Results: A total of 308 patients with IVC injuries were evaluated. The study population was mostly male (81.2%), young (median age 24 y), and Hispanic (43.2%). Overall mortality was 37.3%. The mechanisms of injury included gunshot wounds (52.3%), stab wounds (14.0%), and motor vehicle collisions (14.9%). Associated injuries were present in 100% of cases, with duodenal injuries being the most common. The majority of injuries were managed by primary repair (76.6%), with ligation performed in 23.4%. Patients who underwent ligation had a longer hospital stay (median 9 versus 6 d, P = 0.04) and a trend towards a higher mortality (45.8% versus 34.8%, P = 0.10), with no difference in VTE rate (4.2% versus 1.7%, P > 0.99). Conclusions: As expected, IVC injuries carry a very high mortality rate and are always associated with other injuries. We demonstrated a surprisingly low rate of VTE after operative management for IVC injury, which was similar for patients undergoing ligation and repair. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2012
Full Text: View/download PDF

25. Elevated systolic blood pressure after trauma: Tolerated in the elderly

Author: Ley, Eric J., Singer, Matthew B., Gangi, Alexandra, Clond, Morgan A., Bukur, Marko, Chung, Rex, Margulies, Daniel R., and Salim, Ali
Subjects: *SYSTOLIC blood pressure, *DISEASES in older people, *COMPLICATIONS of brain injuries, *RETROSPECTIVE studies, *REGRESSION analysis, *MORTALITY
Abstract: Abstract: Background: We undertook the current study to determine the impact of elevated admission systolic blood pressure (SBP) on trauma patients without severe brain injury. Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the Los Angeles County Trauma System database to identify all patients with moderate to severe injuries (injury severity score >9) admitted between 2003 and 2008. Patients with head abbreviated injury score >3 were excluded. We divided the remaining patients into three age cohorts and conducted multivariate regression modeling at increasing SBP thresholds to identify independent predictors of mortality. Results: A total of 23,931 patients met inclusion criteria. Overall mortality was 8.6% and it increased with age across the three groups. The admission SBP thresholds associated with significantly increased mortality in the young and middle-aged were >190 mm Hg (AOR 1.5, P = 0.04) and >180 mm Hg (AOR 1.5, P = 0.01), respectively. In the elderly, no admission SBP threshold was associated with significantly increased mortality. Interestingly, several elevated admission SBP thresholds were associated with significantly reduced mortality in the elderly (>150 mm Hg AOR 0.6, P < 0.01; >160 mm Hg AOR 0.6, P < 0.01; and >170 mm Hg AOR 0.7, P = 0.02). Conclusions: The admission SBP thresholds that predicted higher mortality for the young and middle-aged were >190 mm Hg and >180 mm Hg, respectively. Elderly trauma patients tolerated higher admission SBP than their younger counterparts and multiple elevated SBP thresholds were associated with significantly reduced mortality in the elderly. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2012
Full Text: View/download PDF

26. Pre-Hospital Hypothermia is Not Associated with Increased Survival After Traumatic Brain Injury 1

Author: Bukur, Marko, Kurtovic, Silvia, Berry, Cherisse, Tanios, Mina, Ley, Eric J., and Salim, Ali
Subjects: *HYPOTHERMIA, *BRAIN injuries, *REGRESSION analysis, *MORTALITY, *BODY temperature regulation, *MULTIVARIATE analysis
Abstract: Background: Conclusions from in vivo and in vitro studies suggest hypothermia may be protective in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Few studies evaluated the effect of admission temperature on outcomes. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between admission hypothermia and mortality in patients with isolated, blunt, moderate to severe TBI. Methods: The Los Angeles Trauma Database was queried for all patients ≥14 y of age with isolated, blunt, moderate to severe TBI (head abbreviated injury score (AIS) ≥3, all other <3), admitted between 2005 and 2009. The study population was then stratified into two groups by admission temperature: hypothermic (≤35°C) and normothermic (>35°C). Demographic characteristics and outcomes were compared between groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between admission hypothermia and mortality. Results: A total of 1834 patients were analyzed and then stratified into two groups: hypothermic (n = 44) and normothermic (n = 1790). There was a significant difference noted in overall mortality (25% versus 7%), with the hypothermic group being four times more likely to succumb to their injuries. After adjusting for confounding factors, admission hypothermia was independently associated with increased mortality (AOR 2.5; 95% CI 1.1–6.3; P = 0.04). Conclusions: Although in-vivo and in-vitro studies demonstrate induced hypothermia may be protective in TBI, our study demonstrates that admission hypothermia was associated with increased mortality in isolated, blunt, moderate to severe TBI. Further prospective research is needed to elucidate the role of thermoregulation in patients sustaining TBI. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2012
Full Text: View/download PDF

27. Alcohol is Associated with a Lower Pneumonia Rate After Traumatic Brain Injury 1

Author: Hadjibashi, Anoushiravan Amini, Berry, Cherisse, Ley, Eric J., Bukur, Marko, Mirocha, James, Stolpner, Dennis, and Salim, Ali
Subjects: *BRAIN injury treatment, *PNEUMONIA, *BLOOD alcohol analysis, *LOGISTIC regression analysis, *MORTALITY, *DATABASES
Abstract: Background: Recent evidence supports the beneficial effect of alcohol on patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Pneumonia is a known complication following TBI; thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of alcohol on pneumonia rates following moderate to severe TBI. Methods: From 2005 to 2009, the Los Angeles County Trauma Database was queried for all patients ≥14 y of age with isolated moderate to severe TBI and admission serum alcohol levels. The incidence of pneumonia was compared between TBI patients with and without a positive blood alcohol concentration (BAC) level. The study population was then stratified into four BAC levels: None (0 mg/dL), low (0–100 mg/dL), moderate (100–230 mg/dL), and high (≥230 mg/dL). Pneumonia rates were compared across these levels. Results: A total of 3547 patients with isolated, moderate to severe TBI were evaluated. Nearly 66% tested positive for alcohol. The pneumonia rate was significantly lower in the TBI patients who tested positive for alcohol (2.5%) compared with those who tested negative (4.0%, P = 0.017). The pneumonia rate also decreased across increasing BAC levels (linear trend P = 0.03). After logistic regression analysis, a positive ethanol (ETOH) level was associated with a reduced incidence of pneumonia (AOR = 0.62; 95%CI: 0.41–0.93; P = 0.020). Conclusion: A positive serum alcohol level was associated with a significantly lower pneumonia rate in isolated, moderate to severe TBI patients. This may explain the observed mortality reduction in TBI patients who test positive for alcohol. Additional research is warranted to investigate the potential therapeutic implications of this association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2012
Full Text: View/download PDF

28. Correlating the Blood Alcohol Concentration with Outcome after Traumatic Brain Injury: Too Much Is Not a Bad Thing.

Author: BERRY, CHERISSE, LEY, ERIC J., MARGULIES, DANIEL R., MIROCHA, JAMES, BUKUR, MARKO, MALINOSKI, DARREN, and SALIM, ALI
Subjects: *BRAIN injuries, *BLOOD alcohol, *LOGISTIC regression analysis, *MORTALITY, *THERAPEUTICS
Abstract: Although recent evidence suggests a beneficial effect of alcohol for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), the level of alcohol that confers the protective effect is unknown. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between admission blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and out- comes in patients with isolated moderate to severe TBI. From 2005 to 2009, the Los Angeles County Trauma Database was queried for all patients ≥14 years of age with isolated moderate to severe TBI and admission serum alcohol levels. Patients were then stratified into four levels based on admission BAC: None (0 mg/dL), low (0-100 mg/dL), moderate (100-230 mg/dL), and high (->230 mg/dL). Demographics, patient characteristics, and outcomes were compared across levels. In evaluating 3794 patients, the mortality rate decreased with increasing BAC levels (linear trend P < 0.0001). In determining the relationship between BAC and mortality, multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated a high BAC level was significantly protective (adjusted odds ratio 0.55; 95% confidence interval: 0.38-0.8; P = 0.002). In the largest study to date, a high (≥230 mg/dL) admission BAC was independently associated with improved survival in patients with isolated moderate to severe TBI. Additional research is warranted to investigate the potential therapeutic implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2011
Full Text: View/download PDF

29. Mortality by Decade in Trauma Patients with Glasgow Coma Scale 3.

Author: LEY, ERIC J., CLOND, MORGAN A., HUSSAIN, OMAR N., SROUR, MARISSA, MIROCHA, JAMES, BUKUR, MARKO, MARGULIES, DAN R., and SALIM, ALI
Subjects: *TRAUMATISM, *MORTALITY, *MEDICAL care, *LOGISTIC regression analysis, *MULTIVARIATE analysis, *THERAPEUTICS
Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess how increasing age affects mortality in trauma patients with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 3. The Los Angeles County Trauma System Database was queried for all patients aged 20 to 99 years admitted with GCS 3. Mortality was 41.8 per cent for the 3306 GCS 3 patients. Mortality in the youngest patients reviewed, those in the third decade, was 43.5 per cent. After logistic regression analysis, patients in the third decade had similar mortality rates to patients in the sixth (adjusted OR, 0.88; CI, 0.68 to 1.14; P = 0.33) and seventh decades (adjusted OR, 0.96; CI, 0.70 to 1.31; P = 0.79). A significantly lower mortality rate, however, was noted in the fifth decade (adjusted OR, 0.76; CI, 0.61 to 0.95; P = 0.02). Conversely, significantly higher mortality rates were noted in the eighth (adjusted OR, 1.93; CI, 1.38 to 2.71; P = 0.0001) and combined ninth/ tenth decades (adjusted OR, 2.47; CI, 1.71 to 3.57; P < 0.0001). Given the high survival in trauma patients with GCS 3 as well as continued improvement in survival compared with historical controls, aggressive care is indicated for patients who present to the emergency department with GCS 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2011
Full Text: View/download PDF

30. Do pregnant women have improved outcomes after traumatic brain injury?

Author: Berry, Cherisse, Ley, Eric J., Mirocha, James, Margulies, Daniel R., Tillou, Areti, and Salim, Ali
Subjects: *BRAIN injuries, *MORTALITY, *TREATMENT effectiveness, *PREGNANCY complications, *STEROID hormones, *DEMOGRAPHIC surveys, *PROGESTERONE, *ESTROGEN
Abstract: Abstract: Background: Pregnant women, who have significantly elevated levels of estrogen and progesterone, might benefit from the neuroprotective effect of steroid hormones. Methods: Pregnant patients were identified and compared with their nonpregnant counterparts with respect to demographics and outcome. Results: Of the 18,800 female, moderate to severe TBI patients, 71 were pregnant. Similar mortalities were noted in pregnant and nonpregnant TBI patients (9.9% vs 9.3%, P = .84). Adjusting for confounding variables, pregnant TBI patients had a trend toward increased mortality (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], .9–5.1; P = .07). In patients aged 15 to 47 years (n = 8,854), similar mortalities were noted in pregnant and nonpregnant TBI patients (9.9% vs 6.8%, P = .34). After adjusting for risk factors, again there was a trend toward increased mortality in the pregnant TBI group (AOR = 2.0; 95% CI, .8–4.6; P = .12). Conclusions: Pregnant patients with moderate to severe TBI show no statistically significant difference in mortality compared with their nonpregnant counterparts. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2011
Full Text: View/download PDF

31. Traumatic Suicide Attempts at a Level I Trauma Center

Author: Hadjizacharia, Pantelis, Brown, Carlos V.R., Teixeira, Pedro G.R., Chan, Linda S., Yang, Kui, Salim, Ali, Inaba, Kenji, Rhee, Peter, and Demetriades, Demetrios
Subjects: *SUICIDAL behavior, *TRAUMA centers, *RETROSPECTIVE studies, *FIREARMS, *MEDICAL statistics, *CONFIDENCE intervals, *MORTALITY
Abstract: Abstract: Background: The purpose of this study is to characterize traumatic suicide attempts (TSA) by age, gender, race, and mechanism of injury. Methods: This is a retrospective review of TSA patients (identified by E-codes) admitted to our urban, level I trauma center from 1992 through 2005. Mechanisms of TSA included jump from height, firearm (gunshot wound [GSW]), cutting or piercing instrument (stab wound [SW]), and motor vehicle (MV)-related. Patients were categorized in groups by age in years (< 18, 18–35, 36–54, 55–69, ≥ 70). Results: A total of 876 TSA patients were identified; 83% were male, with a mean age of 35 years and a mean Injury Severity Score of 10. The most common mechanism was SW (39%), followed by jump (26%), GSW (21%), and MV-related (13%). Primary mechanism of TSA varied by age (p < 0.0001), with GSW most common in those patients aged < 18 years (64%) and ≥ 70 years (44%), and SW most common in all other age groups. Overall, 16% of TSAs were successful. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for mortality for age 70+ vs. age 36–54 was 12.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.3–78, p = 0.005), and the AOR for mortality from GSW vs. SW was 9.8 (95% CI 2.6–44, p = 0.001). Conclusions: The most common mechanism for TSA was SW, although GSW was the most effective. The mechanism of choice for TSA depends on age, with the extremes of age more commonly choosing a firearm. Age and method of TSA are significant contributing factors to success of suicide attempts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

32. Race Affects Mortality After Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury 1

Author: Berry, Cherisse, Ley, Eric J., Mirocha, James, and Salim, Ali
Subjects: *BRAIN injuries, *LOGISTIC regression analysis, *HOSPITAL care, *RACIAL differences, *HYPOTHESIS, *MORTALITY & race, *DEMOGRAPHIC characteristics
Abstract: Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most common cause of death and disability in trauma patients, affecting over 1 million Americans per year. Minorities are at disproportionate risk for TBI, and they account for nearly half of all brain injury hospitalizations. Little is known regarding racial disparities in TBI patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of race on mortality in patients with moderate to severe isolated TBI. Methods: The Los Angeles County Trauma System database, consisting of admissions from five Level I and eight Level II trauma centers, was queried for all patients with isolated moderate to severe TBI admitted between 1998 and 2005. Demographics and mortality were compared between races: Asian, African American, Hispanic, White, and Other. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between race and mortality. Results: A total of 17,977 (23.8% female, 76.2% male) severe TBI patients were evaluated. Of this study population, 7.1% were Asian, 13.5% were African American, 42.3% were Hispanic, 32.5% were White, and 4.7% where classified as Other. Overall, Asians (adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 1.4; 95% CI: 1.14–1.71, P = 0.001) had a significantly higher risk in mortality when compared with Whites. Surprisingly, neither African Americans (AOR 1.02; 95% CI: 0.87–1.2, P = 0.82), nor Hispanics (AOR 1.00; 95% CI: 0.89–1.13, P > 0.9) were at increased risk of death compared to their White counterparts. Conclusion: This data supports the hypothesis that race may play a role in mortality in moderate to severe TBI. However, only Asians were at higher risk for death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

33. Mortality is Reduced for Heart Rate 80 to 89 After Traumatic Brain Injury 1

Author: Ley, Eric J., Berry, Cherisse, Mirocha, James, and Salim, Ali
Subjects: *DEATH (Biology), *MEDICAL statistics, *HEART rate monitoring, *SURGERY, *BRAIN injuries, *ADRENERGIC beta blockers, *MEDICAL care, *HOSPITAL admission & discharge
Abstract: Background: Increasing data indicate treatment with β blockers might improve survival after traumatic brain injury (TBI); the optimal heart rate (HR) range for these patients is unknown. To guide treatment, admission HR in moderate to severe TBI patients was analyzed to determine if a specific range is associated with decreased mortality. Methods: The Los Angeles County Trauma System Database, consisting of five Level I and 8 Level II trauma centers, was queried for all injured patients admitted between 1998 and 2005 (n = 147,788). Isolated moderate to severe TBI patients (head abbreviated injury score ≥ 3) were then identified. Demographics and outcomes were compared at various admission HR subgroups (<50, 50–59, 60–69, 70–79, 80–89, 90–99, 100–109, ≥110). Logistic regression was then performed to determine predictors of mortality. Results: After exclusions, a total of 11,977 isolated moderate to severe isolated TBI patients were analyzed, overall mortality was 11.5% with a trend toward lowest mortality at HR 80 to 89 (7.3%). Each HR subgroup had a significantly increased unadjusted odds ratio for mortality compared with HR 80 to 89, except HR 90 to 99 (OR 1.2, CI 1.0–1.5) and HR 100 to 109 (OR 1.2, CI 1.0–1.5). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, HR <50, 50–59, 60–69, and ≥110 were independent predictors for increased mortality compared with HR 80–89. Conclusion: After isolated moderate to severe TBI, HR <50, 50–59, 60–69, and ≥110 were independent predictors of increased mortality. HR outside the range 70–109 could serve as a marker for aggressive resuscitation. As mortality increased significantly with HR: <50 (AOR 4.70), 50–59 (AOR 2.21), and 60–69 (AOR 1.63), our findings recommend avoiding HR < 70 in patients with moderate to severe TBI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

34. Extreme Thrombocytosis in Trauma Patients: Are Antiplatelet Agents the Answer?

Author: SAADI, ZAINAB, INABA, KENJI, BARMPARAS, GALINOS, SALIM, ALI, TALVING, PEEP, PLURAD, DAVID, GREEN, DONALD, and DEMETRIADES, DEMETRIOS
Subjects: *BLOOD platelet disorders, *PLATELET aggregation inhibitors, *PATIENTS, *SPLENECTOMY, *MORTALITY
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to review the incidence of extreme thrombocytosis (ExT) (platelet count 1,000,000/µL or greater) in trauma patients and to examine the role of antiplatelet agents in its treatment. The Los Angeles County Medical Center trauma registry was used to obtain injury demographics, medications, and daily platelet counts for injured patients 16 years of age or older admitted between July 2005 and February 2008. Of 6,985 total trauma patients admitted during the study period, 95 developed ExT (1.4%). Average age was 29 years (range, 16-63 years), 89 per cent were male, 44 per cent had penetrating trauma, and mean Injury Severity Score was 24 (range, 1-57). Of the 95 patients with ExT, 41 were treated with aspirin (43%) and 54 were not (57%). The two groups did not differ with regard to basic demographics, injury patterns, vitals on admission, or splenectomy rate (34 vs 20%, P = 0.13). After adjusting for maximum platelet counts and duration of ExT, there was no difference between the treated and untreated groups in terms of mortality, complications, and intensive care unit or hospital lengths of stay. The incidence of ExT is approximately 1.4 per cent in trauma patients. Antiplatelet therapy does not affect ExT patient outcome. Further prospective studies are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2009
Full Text: View/download PDF

35. Blunt Gastric Injuries.

Author: Oncel, Didem, Malinoski, Darren, Brown, Carlos, Demetriades, Demetrios, and Salim, Ali
Subjects: *BLUNT trauma, *MORTALITY, *HEALTH outcome assessment, *DEATH, *WOUNDS & injuries, *MULTIVARIATE analysis
Abstract: Gastric rupture after blunt abdominal trauma is a rare injury with few reports in the literature. The purpose of this study was to review our experience with blunt gastric injuries and compare outcomes with small bowel or colon injuries. All patients with hollow viscus perforations after blunt abdominal trauma from 1992 to 2005 at our level I trauma center were reviewed. Of 35,033 blunt trauma admissions, there were 268 (0.7%) patients with a total of 319 perforating hollow viscus injuries, 25 (0.07%) of which were blunt gastric injuries. When compared with the small bowel or colon injuries, the blunt gastric injury group had a higher Injury Severity Score (22 versus 17, P = 0.04), more patients with a chest Abbreviated Injury Score greater than 2 (36% versus 12%, P < 0.01), and a shorter interval from injury to laparotomy (221 versus 366 minutes, P = 0.017). Multivariate analysis identified five independent risk factors for mortality: age older than 55 years, head Abbreviated Injury Score greater than 2, chest Abbreviated Injury Score greater than 2, the presence of hypotension on admission, and Glasgow Coma Scale 8 or less. The results of this study suggest that mortality in patients with blunt hollow viscus injuries can be attributed to concurrent head and chest injuries, but not the specific hollow viscus organ that is injured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2007
Full Text: View/download PDF

36. Access Delayed Is Access Denied: States with Higher Age-Adjusted Mortality Rate Have Poorer Access to Trauma Center Care.

Author: Hashmi, Zain G., Jarman, Molly P., Uribe-Leitz, Tarsicio, Goralnick, Eric, Newgard, Craig D., Salim, Ali, Cornwell III, Edward E., and Haider, Adil H.
Subjects: *MORTALITY, *TRAUMA centers
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

37. Outcomes from Acute Care Surgery Consultation in Bone Marrow Transplant Patients.

Author: Castillo-Angeles, Manuel, Coleman, Melissa, Coleman, Natasha, Armand, Philippe, Bendix, Peter G., Salim, Ali, and Askari, Reza
Subjects: *HEMATOLOGIC malignancies, *BONE marrow transplantation, *CHOLECYSTECTOMY, *MORTALITY, *SURGICAL complications, *THERAPEUTICS
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

38. Geographic Distribution of Trauma Burden, Mortality, and Services in the United States: Does Availability Correspond to Patient Need?

Author: Rios-Diaz, Arturo J., Metcalfe, David, Olufajo, Olubode A., Zogg, Cheryl K., Yorkgitis, Brian, Singh, Mansher, Haider, Adil H., and Salim, Ali
Subjects: *WOUND nursing, *SURGICAL intensive care, *DEMOGRAPHY, *MORTALITY, *TRAUMA centers, *WOUND care, *CRITICAL care medicine, *ECONOMIC aspects of diseases, *HEALTH services accessibility, *NEEDS assessment, *REGRESSION analysis, *WOUNDS & injuries, *TREATMENT effectiveness
Abstract: Background: The association between the need for trauma care and trauma services has not been characterized previously. We compared the distribution of trauma admissions with state-level availability of trauma centers (TCs), surgical critical care (SCC) providers, and SCC fellowships, and assessed the association between trauma care provision and state-level trauma mortality.Study Design: We obtained 2013 state-level data on trauma admissions, TCs, SCC providers, SCC fellowship positions, per-capita income, population size, and age-adjusted mortality rates. Normalized densities (per million population [PMP]) were calculated and generalized linear models were used to test associations between provision of trauma services (higher-level TCs, SCC providers, and SCC fellowship positions) and trauma burden, per-capita income, and age-adjusted mortality rates.Results: There were 1,345,024 trauma admissions (4,250 PMP), 2,496 SCC providers (7.89 PMP), and 1,987 TCs across the country, of which 521 were Level I or II (1.65 PMP). There was considerable variation between the top 5 and bottom 5 states in terms of Level I/Level II TCs and SCC surgeon availability (approximately 8.0/1.0), despite showing less variation in trauma admission density (1.5/1.0). Distribution of trauma admissions was positively associated with SCC provider density and age-adjusted trauma mortality (p ≤ 0.001), and inversely associated with per-capita income (p < 0.001). Age-adjusted mortality was inversely associated with the number of SCC providers PMP. For every additional SCC provider PMP, there was a decrease of 618 deaths per year.Conclusions: There is an inequitable distribution of trauma services across the US. Increases in the density of SCC providers are associated with decreases in mortality. There was no association between density of trauma admissions and location of Level I/Level II TCs. In the wake of efforts to regionalize TCs, additional efforts are needed to address disparities in the provision of quality care to trauma patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

39. Pre-Hospital Intubation is Associated with Increased Mortality After Traumatic Brain Injury 1

Author: Bukur, Marko, Kurtovic, Silvia, Berry, Cherisse, Tanios, Mina, Margulies, Daniel R., Ley, Eric J., and Salim, Ali
Subjects: *BRAIN injuries, *INTUBATION, *ENDOTRACHEAL tubes, *HEALTH outcome assessment, *MULTIVARIATE analysis, *REGRESSION analysis, *COMPARATIVE studies, *MORTALITY
Abstract: Background: Early endotracheal intubation in patients sustaining moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is considered the standard of care. Yet the benefit of pre-hospital intubation (PHI) in patients with TBI is questionable. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between pre-hospital endotracheal intubation and mortality in patients with isolated moderate to severe TBI. Methods: The Los Angeles County Trauma System Database was queried for all patients > 14 y of age with isolated moderate to severe TBI admitted between 2005 and 2009. The study population was then stratified into two groups: those patients requiring intubation in the field (PHI group) and those patients with delayed airway management (No-PHI group). Demographic characteristics and outcomes were compared between groups. Multivariate analysis was used to determine the relationship between pre-hospital endotracheal intubation and mortality. Results: A total of 2549 patients were analyzed and then stratified into the two groups: PHI and No-PHI. There was a significant difference noted in overall mortality (90.2% versus 12.4%), with the PHI group being more likely to succumb to their injuries. After adjusting for possible confounding factors, multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that PHI was independently associated with increased mortality (AOR 5, 95% CI: 1.7–13.7, P = 0.004). Conclusions: Pre-hospital endotracheal intubation in isolated, moderate to severe TBI patients is associated with a nearly 5-fold increase in mortality. Further prospective studies are required to establish guidelines for optimal pre-hospital management of this critically injured patient population. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2011
Full Text: View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Journal

Region

Database

Publisher

39 results on '"SALIM, ALI"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources