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Objectives: To describe the number of second primary malignancies in a series of 33 patients with proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), detailing the mean time between primary malignancies and their clinical characteristics., Materials and Methods: Two groups of patients were included in this study: group 1 comprised 33 PVL patients who had developed ≥ 2 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and group 2 comprised 48 PVL patients without malignant degeneration. We compared the groups with regard to age, gender, oral location, and number of oral sites affected. For patients in group 1, we determined the locations, clinical forms, and TNM stages of oral cancers. We also recorded the intervals of time between instances of oral cancer for all patients., Results: The groups did not differ significantly in age; however, group 1 included more women (p < 0.05). The follow-up period and number of oral PVL locations were greater in group 1 (p < 0.01). Moreover, in group 1, as the number of OSCCs increased, the intervals between them became shorter. The gingiva was the most common site. The mean number of cancers in group 1 was 3.15; five second primary tumors were diagnosed in one patient., Conclusions: Multiple cancers in PVL patients were more frequently located on the gingiva in the form of erythroleukoplastic areas. In addition, the interval between new cancers decreased over time., Clinical Relevance: This is the series with the highest number of cases described with second primary tumors in PVL.

Introduction: This preliminary study compared the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) copy number in patients with potentially malignant oral disorders (PMODs) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)., Material and Methods: Group 1 comprised 20 patients with oral leukoplakia and group 2 comprised 19 cases of OSCC. We estimated the EGFR copy number in both groups using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. We used laser microdissection (LMD) for EGFR amplification, and overexpression was performed., Results:   The EGFR copy number was higher in group 2 (9.1 ± 6.2) than in group 1 (3.8 ± 1.5). The greatest copy number was found in the non-homogeneous leukoplakias, but the difference in homogeneous cases was not significant (Mann-Whitney test, P>0.05). In group 2, the EGFR copy number was higher in advanced stages than in early stages, but again lacked statistical significance., Conclusions: The EGFR copy number may be a useful biomolecular marker to differentiate PMODs from OSCC. The EGFR was higher in non-homogeneous leukoplakias and in the advanced stages of OSCC., (© 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.)

In this study, we compared clinical differences between patients with proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) who did and did not develop oral cancer. This was a retrospective study of 55 PVL cases. All patients were followed for at least 1year, with a mean follow-up of 7.53 (SD=4.18) years. The mean age of the patients was 61.69 (SD=11.76) years. There were 36 (65.5%) females and 19 (34.5%) males. Group 1 included the 28 PVL patients who did not develop oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) during the period. Group 2 included the 27 PVL patients who developed at least one OSCC during the period. The latter group was subdivided into patients with PVL who developed one (Subgroup 2a; n=16) or more than one (Subgroup 2b; n=11) OSCC during follow-up. There was no statistical difference in age or oral location of the PVL between Groups 1 and 2. Females had a greater tendency to develop cancer than males (58.3% vs. 31.6%). In Group 2, only six (22.2%) were smokers. There was no difference between Subgroups 2a and b in terms of age, gender, and oral location of the PVL. Subgroup 2b included fewer smokers, had higher gingival involvement rate, and lower frequency of PVL on the tongue. The PVL patients who develop oral cancers were more commonly female and non-smokers. Those patients who developed more than one OSCC were most likely to develop lesions of the gingiva., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To determine the changes in smoking habit among patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) diagnosed and treated in the Service of Stomatology (Valencia University General Hospital. Valencia, Spain)., Material and Methods: The study involved 123 patients with a history of OSCC interviewed by telephone on their smoking habits at the time of the diagnosis and modifications in habits subsequently. The mean age at diagnosis was 60 years and 9 months (standard deviation, SD +/- 12 years and 2 months). Males predominated (61.8%) over females (38.2%). The mean time from the diagnosis of OSCC to the survey was 4 years and 6 months (SD +/- 3 years and 6 months)., Results: Almost one-half of the patients (45.5%) were active smokers at the time of the diagnosis, with a mean duration of the habit of 34.9 years (SD +/- 12 years and 7 months). In turn, 19.5% of the patients were ex-smokers at diagnosis, with an average of 13 years and 9 months (SD +/- 9 years and 4 months) from smoking cessation to the development of cancer. A total of 57.1% of the smokers abandoned the habit at diagnosis, 8.9% continued to smoke to the same extent as before, and 33.9% reduced smoking., Conclusion: A full 44.4 % of our patients diagnosed with OSCC continued to smoke despite warnings of the risks, and although the majority claimed to have reduced their smoking habit, interventional strategies would be indicated to help ensure complete smoking cessation.

Objectives: To determine the relationship between oral leukoplakia (OL) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and to evaluate possible differences between those carcinomas with and without associated leukoplakia., Material and Methods: A total of 138 patients were studied at the Stomatology Service of the University General Hospital, Valencia, Spain. These patients were divided into two groups: group 1, patients with oral cancer and leukoplakia, and group 2, patients with OSCC but with no associated premalignant lesions. The relationship between this precancerous lesion and the OSCC was evaluated, as well as the possible clinical and histological differences between the tumours of the two groups., Results: Leukoplakia was detected in 27 (19.56%) patients with OSCC. No differences were found between the two groups regarding age and tumour location. However, statistically significant differences were observed with respect to the form, tumour stage and the presence of adenopathies in the cancers with and without leukoplakia; in that the tumours associated with leukoplakia were diagnosed as being at a more initial stage., Conclusions: Those patients with OL associated with oral cancer presented with tumours at a less advanced stage than those where no associated leukoplakia existed.