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The resurgence of Mpox, predominantly among men who have sex with men (MSM), has prompted an analysis of its clinical manifestations and epidemiological patterns, particularly in individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This retrospective study aims to delineate and compare the clinical presentations and epidemiological characteristics of Mpox among HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals. A total of 58 confirmed Mpox cases from a dermatology department in Lisbon were analyzed, focusing on mucocutaneous manifestations, systemic symptoms, and laboratory parameters. Our findings indicate no significant difference in disease severity and presentation between HIV-positive and HIV-negative groups, suggesting that HIV status may not be a determinant of Mpox severity, but rather an indicator of increased sexual risk behaviors, a recognized risk factor for Mpox transmission.

Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest None disclosed.

Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest the authors declare they have no conflicts of interest.

Human monkeypox (MPX) is a zoonotic endemic disease in regions of Africa caused by the monkeypox virus, with a recent outbreak in several non-African countries. We report a case of a 24-year-old male patient with a concurrent diagnosis of MPX and acute HIV infection who presented to our Emergency Care Dermatology Clinic with disseminated papules throughout the trunk, face and genital area. On the perianal area, several grouped umbilicated whitish papules in a kissing lesion configuration could be seen. Laboratory workups were consistent with recent HIV infection, and swab samples from the lesion surfaces were positive for monkeypox virus. We provide novel information on the clinical presentation of MPX, expanding the data pool of the clinical manifestations of which health workers should be aware.