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Background: Over the past decades, the emergence of Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has changed the landscape of S. aureus infections around the globe. Aim: Present study was aimed to find out the prevalence of MRSA strains, and evaluate its antibiogram to other common antibiotics. Materials and methods: Total 120 samples were collected from various patients of Dhiraj Hospital, Vadodara. Gujarat. All specimens were inoculated on blood agar and MacConkey agar (HiMedia) and maimitol salt agar Inoculated plates were incubated at 35 °T. After overnight incubation, suspected S. aureus colonies were confirmed by gram staining, catalase test and coagulase (slide and tube) tests, which were performed as per standard guidelines. Disk diffusion method was performed as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. A peptone water suspension equivalent to 0.5 McFarland standard was prepared from isolates. A swab was dipped in suspension and streaked over surface of a Mueller-Hinton agar. Sensitivity to Cefoxitin (30 μg) disk was also tested. Results: Out of 120 samples, 73 strains (60.8%) were found to be MRSA with the prevalence higher in males (52/73) compared to females (21/73). Strains were mainly isolated from the pus samples (70%), followed by sputum (11%), blood and urine samples (8%) each. Highest rate of isolation of MRSA was from the orthopedics ward (23%), followed by surgery (22%), medicine (16%), recovery (12%), ICU (11%), pediatrics (10%), obstetrics (5%). Majority of the MRSA strains were resistant to erythromycin (76.7%), Co-trimoxazole (71%) and (61.6%) resistance with Gentamycin and Clindamycin. All strains were resistant to penicillin (100%). The optimistic finding was its 98.6% sensitivity to Linezolid and Vancomycin. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed a high prevalence of (60.8%) MRSA during April to September 2015. The treatment options for MRSA strains have been restricted to potentially toxic antimicrobials like vancomycin, clindamycin. This poses a serious problem for antibiotic therapy of S. aureus infections and leads to high morbidity and mortality. To prevent MRSA infection control measures like hand washing and other aseptic techniques have been implemented strictly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Staphylococci are ubiquitous being the normal inhabitants of the skin and mucous membranes and the most common cause of human infections all throughout the world, both the community acquired as well as nosocomial infections. Objectives: Objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aures (MRSA) and detection of emergence of resistance to vancomycin among the Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolates. Materials and methods: Thus hundred S. aureus isolated from various clinical samples were tested for methicillin resistance by cefoxitin disc (30μg) and vancomycin resistance using Ezy MIC - Vancomycin E-test. Results: The MRSA prevalence was found to be 52%. Of the total MRSA (n=52) 32 were obtained from male and 20 from female; and 36.54% from blood, 28.55%, 15.38%, 11.54% and 3.85% from pus, urine, sputum and body fluids respectively. The MRSA (n=52) were found to be resistant to antibiotics tested routinely but susceptible to levofloxacin (86.54%), doxycycline (92.31%), linezolid (96.15%) and vancomycin (100%). Inducible clindamycin resistance amongst MRSA was found to be 25%. All strains i.e.100% were sensitive to vancomycin indicating zero resistance to vancomycin. Conclusion: Though we did not find any resistance to vancomcyin in our setup, the prevalence of MRSA is high in our set up and calls for strict implementation of hospital infection control measures to prevent the spread of this organism and infections due to it. In this study E-test proved to be useful for detection of vancomycin resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]