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The issue of bipartite time-varying formation (BTVF) tracking for linear multiagent systems (MASs) with a leader of unknown input on signed digraphs is investigated. An adaptive nonsmooth protocol is taken in this article that utilizes only the local output feedback information among neighbors and, thus, can avoid employing the eigenvalue information of the Laplacian matrix of the graph. It is proven that if the interaction network of agents containing a spanning tree is structurally balanced, the BTVF tracking can be achieved with a leader of the bounded input via the proposed scheme. This leader-following BTVF includes two time-varying subformations, whose relationship is antagonistic. A convergence analysis of the proposed protocol for MASs is reflected by the Lyapunov method. Finally, the validly numerical simulations are illustrated to show the performance of the proposed schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A consensus control issue is studied for general second-order multiagent systems via Q-learning method in this article. A novel second-order type with discrete-time dynamics is investigated to solve the corresponding consensus issues. Under fixed directed topology, in order to achieve general second-order consensus for the systems, a model-free Q-learning method is proposed, which can derive the coupling gains matrix without any information from the system dynamics. Moreover, applying the obtained coupling gains matrix, this general second-order multiagent systems can achieve consensus. Then, for undirected graphs, a similar corollary is obtained for this system to achieve general second-order consensus by means of the Q-learning method. Finally, the correctness of the new method is confirmed by several simulation examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, an event-triggered method is proposed to solve the consensus of the second-order hybrid multiagent systems (MASs), which contain discrete-time and continuous-time individuals. First, we give a selection criteria of the coupling gains, the eigenvalues of communication topology, and the event-triggered sampling interval to guarantee the hybrid consensus, which have an impact on system stability, due to the interaction and co-existence of discrete-time and continuous-time individuals. Second, the hybrid second-order consensus under the event-triggered strategy is proven, where the agents communicate with their neighbors and update their controllers only at the triggered instants. Finally, we give some simulation examples to prove the validity of the main results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The observability of discrete‐time multi‐agent systems (MASs) with switching topology under the framework of leadership coordinated control is studied. Based on the switched control system theory, some algebraic properties on observability of discrete‐time MASs with switching topology are given. Moreover, on the basis of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the system matrices, an effective algebraic characterisation on the observability of discrete‐time MASs is established based on fixed topology. The observability of some special topological graphs is also studied. Finally, numerical example and simulations are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This brief focuses on the consensus problem of multi-agent systems (MASs) consisting of friends and enemies in a matrix-weight-based signed topological network. To highlight the effects of matrix coupling, we analyze the integrator model in a competitive-cooperative coexistence network. Unlike scalar-weight-based topological networks, the phenomenon of clustering in matrix-weight-based networks naturally exists, which means the important role of matrix coupling in convergence. Hence, different form existing results, depending on matrix coupling, the research shows bipartite consensus can be achieved in an unbalanced situation. Algebraic conditions are proposed for achieving a bipartite consensus and our results on structural unbalanced graph are shown to be more universality. Finally, some simulation results are given to vindicate the analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a second-order consensus for multiagent systems with a directed communication topology is studied. A novel consensus strategy is first proposed, where a periodic intermittent control strategy only with casual sampled position data is used, which not only decreases the operating time and the update rates of conditioners for every individual but also responds effectively to the case of missing velocity information. A necessary and sufficient consensus condition based on the coupling gains, the sampling period, the communication width, and the spectrum of the Laplacian matrix is established to reach the consensus, and the right intervals of the sampling period are given. Furthermore, a delay-induced consensus protocol is designed, and a necessary and sufficient condition is also given, by which the sampling period and the communication width can easily be chosen to achieve the consensus. At last, some simulation examples are given to verify the correctness of the theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the consensus problem for directed positive multiagent systems with nonlinear control input. The directed topology is supposed to be strongly connected. For the case of sector input nonlinearities, the non-negative global consensus conditions are presented by using a novel analysis method which directly considers the nonlinear input, and the feedback matrices are obtained with convex optimization method by solving the quadratic matrix inequalities subject to non-negative constraints. For the case of saturation-type sector input nonlinearities, the global consensus and local consensus results are analyzed, respectively. With the properties of Metzler matrix, the non-negative consensus results are further extended to the strongly connected and balanced positive multiagent systems subject to (saturation-type) sector input nonlinearities and parameter uncertainties. The results are simplified, and the feedback matrices can be given by solving iterative linear matrix inequality with non-negative constraints. Two simulation examples and a practical electrical circuit model are finally carried out to verify the proposed control schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the problem of containment control for coupled harmonic oscillators with multiple leaders under directed topology. Using tools from matrix, graph and stability theories, necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for coupled harmonic oscillators under continuous-time and sampled-data-based protocols, respectively. When the continuous-time protocol is used, it is proved that every follower will ultimately converge to the convex hull spanned by the leaders if and only if there exists at least one leader that has a directed path to that follower at any time. When the sampled-data-based protocol is used, it is shown that the containment can be achieved if and only if: (1) an appropriate sampling period is chosen and (2) for every follower, there exists at least one leader that has a directed path to that follower at any time. And we also give the containment conditions for coupled harmonic oscillators under undirected topology as a special case. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the theoretical findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]