15 results on '"Doriese, W."'
Search Results
2. End-to-End Modeling of the TDM Readout System for CMB-S4.
- Author
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Goldfinger, D. C., Ahmed, Z., Barron, D. R., Doriese, W. B., Durkin, M., Filippini, J. P., Haller, G., Henderson, S. W., Herbst, R., Hubmayr, J., Irwin, K., Reese, B., Sapozhnikov, L., Thompson, K. L., Ullom, J., and Vissers, M. R.
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COSMIC background radiation ,MICROWAVE radiometers ,MULTIPLEXING - Abstract
The CMB-S4 experiment is developing next-generation ground-based microwave telescopes to observe the cosmic microwave background with unprecedented sensitivity. This will require an order of magnitude increase in the 100-mK detector count, which, in turn, increases the demands on the readout system. The CMB-S4 readout will use time-division multiplexing (TDM), taking advantage of faster switches and amplifiers in order to achieve an increased multiplexing factor. To facilitate the design of the new readout system, we have developed a model that predicts the bandwidth and noise performance of this circuitry and its interconnections. This is then used to set requirements on individual components in order to meet the performance necessary for the full system. We present an overview of this model and compare the model results to the performance of both legacy and prototype readout hardware. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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3. Error-Correcting Codes for Code-Division Multiplexed TES Detectors
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Titus, C. J., Chaudhuri, S., Cho, H.-M., Dawson, C., Doriese, W. B., Fowler, J. W., Hilton, G. C., Irwin, K. D., Kuenstner, S., Li, D., Morgan, K., Reintsema, C. D., Swetz, D. S., Ullom, J. N., and Young, B. A.
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- 2018
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4. Developments of Laboratory-Based Transition-Edge Sensor Readout Electronics Using Commercial-Off-The-Shelf Modules.
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Sakai, K., Adams, J. S., Bandler, S. R., Beaumont, S., Chervenak, J. A., Doriese, W. B., Durkin, M., Finkbeiner, F. M., Hull, S. V., Kelley, R. L., Kilbourne, C. A., Muramatsu, H., Porter, F. S., Reintsema, C. D., Smith, S. J., Wakeham, N. A., and Wassel, E. J.
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REMOTE control ,DETECTORS ,MULTIPLEXING ,STUDENT response systems - Abstract
We are developing lab-based readout electronics for Transition-edge sensors (TES) using commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) modules. These COTS modules are advantageous since they increase development speed and keep the cost low. We have developed these electronics to support both non-multiplexed and time-division multiplexing (TDM) readout systems. The system utilizes remote control via Ethernet, and the interface allows many types of measurements to be automated. With the TDM readout system, we have achieved 2.05 eV at 6 keV, 2.1 eV at 7 keV, 2.3 eV at 8 keV, and 2.8 eV at 12 keV with 2-column × 32-row multiplexing. We will be using this system in the characterization of detectors for the X-Ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) instrument on Athena. In this paper, we present an overview of the design and their performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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5. A Predictive Control Algorithm for Time-Division-Multiplexed Readout of TES Microcalorimeters.
- Author
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Durkin, Malcolm, O'Neil, G. C., Doriese, W. B., Gard, J. D., Hilton, G. C., Imrek, J., Ortiz, N., Reintsema, C. D., Stevens, R. W., Swetz, D. S., and Ullom, J. N.
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CALORIMETERS ,ALGORITHMS ,MULTIPLEXING ,SQUIDS ,DETECTORS - Abstract
Time division multiplexing (TDM) uses a digital flux-locked loop (DFLL) to linearize each first-stage SQUID amplifier. Presently, the dynamic range of our TDM systems is limited by the use of a proportional-integral controller to maintain the DFLL. In this paper, we use simulations to assess the improvements possible with a predictive control algorithm that anticipates rapid changes in transition-edge sensor current during the rising edge of an X-ray pulse. We calculate that the predictive control algorithm can improve our TDM architecture's dynamic range by 35%. This significant increase in multiplexing capabilities could be used to read out higher-energy X-rays, reduce readout noise, increase multiplexing factors, or reduce SQUID power output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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6. Configurable error correction of code-division multiplexed TES detectors with a cryotron switch.
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Weber, Joel C., Fowler, Joseph W., Durkin, Malcolm, Morgan, Kelsey M., Mates, John A. B., Bennett, Doug A., Doriese, W. Bertrand, Schmidt, Daniel R., Hilton, Gene C., Swetz, Daniel S., and Ullom, Joel N.
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ERROR correction (Information theory) ,DETECTORS ,TRANSISTORS ,MULTIPLEXING ,SELF-control ,SQUIDS - Abstract
The development of a superconducting analog to the transistor with extremely low power dissipation will accelerate the proliferation of low-temperature circuitry operating in the milliKelvin regime. The thin-film, magnetically actuated cryotron switch is a candidate building block for more complicated and flexible milliKelvin circuitry. We demonstrate its utility for implementing reconfigurable circuitry by integrating a cryotron switch into flux-summed code-division SQUID multiplexed readout for large arrays of transition-edge-sensor (TES) microcalorimeters. Code-division multiplexing eliminates the noise penalty of time-division multiplexing while being drop-in compatible with the latter's control electronics. However, code-division multiplexing is susceptible to single-point failure mechanisms which can result in an unconstrained demodulation matrix and the loss of information from many sensing elements. In the event of a failure, the integrated cryotron switch provides a zero-signal output from a single TES, enabling the demodulation matrix used to compute TES signals from SQUID signals to be constrained and data recovered from the remaining sensors. This demonstration of configurable error correction provides both a real-world application of the cryotron switch and a foundation for more complex circuitry at milliKelvin temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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7. Electronics for a Next-Generation SQUID-Based Time-Domain Multiplexing System.
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Reintsema, C. D., Adams, J. S., Baker, R., Bandler, S. R., Doriese, W. R., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Hilton, G. C., Irwin, K. D., Kelly, R. L., Kilbourne, C. A., Krinsky, J. W., Porter, F. S., and Wikus, P.
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MULTIPLEXING ,ELECTRONIC circuit design ,ELECTRONICS ,DIGITAL communications ,BROADBAND communication systems - Abstract
A decade has elapsed since the design, development and realization of a SQUID-based time-division multiplexer at NIST. During this time the system has been used extensively for low-temperature-detector-array measurements. Concurrently, there have been substantial advancements both in detector array and commercial electronic component technology. The relevance and applicability of the technology has blossomed as well, often accompanied by more demanding measurement requirements. These factors have motivated a complete redesign of the NIST room-temperature read-out electronics. The redesign has leveraged advancements in component technology to achieve new capabilities better suited to the SQUID multiplexers and detector arrays being realized today. As examples of specific performance enhancements, the overall system bandwidth has been increased by a factor of four (a row switching rate of 6.24 MHz), the compactness has been increased by over a factor of two (a higher number of detector columns and rows per circuit board), and there are two high speed outputs per column (allowing fast switching of SQUID offsets in addition to digital feedback). The system architecture, design implementations, and performance advantages of the new system will be discussed. As an application example, the science chain flight electronics for the Micro-X High Resolution Microcalorimeter X-ray Imaging Rocket will be described as both a motivation for, and a direct implementation of the new system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
- Full Text
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8. Optimization of the TES-Bias Circuit for a Multiplexed Microcalorimeter Array.
- Author
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Doriese, W., Alpert, B., Fowler, J., Hilton, G., Hojem, A., Irwin, K., Reintsema, C., Schmidt, D., Stiehl, G., Swetz, D., Ullom, J., and Vale, L.
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CALORIMETERS , *THERMAL conductivity , *LOW temperature engineering , *MATHEMATICAL optimization , *MULTIPLEXING , *SIGNAL-to-noise ratio , *DETECTORS - Abstract
A transition-edge-sensor (TES) microcalorimeter's shunt resistor ( R) and thermal conductance to the cryogenic bath ( G) are often considered to be interchangeable knobs with which to control detector speed. Indeed, for otherwise-identical TES-parameter models, there are many combinations of R and G that give the same decay time-constant ( τ). However, our previous work showed that with time- or code-division-multiplexed readout, the distribution of signal-to-noise ratio with frequency, which depends strongly on R and G, is just as important as τ. Here, we present a set of calculations to select the optimal values of R and G, given a linear TES model and count-rate and energy-resolution requirements. Lower G and lower R make multiplexing easier. Our calculations also determine the allowed combination of SQUID-readout noise ( S) and multiplexer row-period ( t) and row-count ( N). Recent improvements to S and t in the NIST time-division-multiplexing architecture have allowed a NIST eight-pixel TES array to be read out with 2.70 eV (full-width at half-maximum) average energy resolution at 6 keV. The improvements make the X-ray Microcalorimeter Spectrometer co-proposed by NASA and NIST for ESA's Athena X-ray observatory straightforwardly achievable, including engineering margin, with N=16. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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9. Optimization and Analysis of Code-Division Multiplexed TES Microcalorimeters.
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Fowler, J., Doriese, W., Hilton, G., Irwin, K., Schmidt, D., Stiehl, G., Swetz, D., Ullom, J., and Vale, L.
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CODE division multiple access , *MULTIPLEXING , *MATHEMATICAL optimization , *CALORIMETERS , *X-rays , *DETECTORS , *DATA analysis - Abstract
We are developing code-division multiplexing (CDM) systems for TES arrays with the goal of reaching multiplexing factors in the hundreds. We report on x-ray measurements made with a four-channel prototype CDM system that employs a flux-summing architecture, emphasizing data-analysis issues. We describe an empirical method to determine the demodulation matrix that minimizes cross-talk. This CDM system achieves energy resolutions of between 2.3 eV and 3.0 eV FWHM at 5.9 keV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
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10. Advanced Code-Division Multiplexers for Superconducting Detector Arrays.
- Author
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Irwin, K., Cho, H., Doriese, W., Fowler, J., Hilton, G., Niemack, M., Reintsema, C., Schmidt, D., Ullom, J., and Vale, L.
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SUPERCONDUCTING quantum interference devices ,MULTIPLEXING ,ASTROPHYSICS ,NUCLEAR counters ,ELECTRONIC modulation ,LITHOGRAPHY ,ELECTRIC potential - Abstract
Multiplexers based on the modulation of superconducting quantum interference devices are now regularly used in multi-kilopixel arrays of superconducting detectors for astrophysics, cosmology, and materials analysis. Over the next decade, much larger arrays will be needed. These larger arrays require new modulation techniques and compact multiplexer elements that fit within each pixel. We present a new in-focal-plane code-division multiplexer that provides multiplexing elements with the required scalability. This code-division multiplexer uses compact lithographic modulation elements that simultaneously multiplex both signal outputs and superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) detector bias voltages. It eliminates the shunt resistor used to voltage bias TES detectors, greatly reduces power dissipation, allows different dc bias voltages for each TES, and makes all elements sufficiently compact to fit inside the detector pixel area. These in-focal plane code-division multiplexers can be combined with multi-GHz readout based on superconducting microresonators to scale to even larger arrays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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11. Development of a Real-Time Pulse Processing Algorithm for TES-Based X-Ray Microcalorimeters.
- Author
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Tan, Hui, Hennig, Wolfgang, Warburton, William K., Doriese, W. Bertrand, and Kilbourne, Caroline A.
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CALORIMETERS ,ALGORITHMS ,MULTIPLEXING ,SIGNAL processing ,PIXELS ,OPTICAL detectors ,SUPERCONDUCTING magnets ,ENERGY consumption - Abstract
We report here a real-time pulse processing algorithm for superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) based x-ray microcalorimeters. TES-based microcalorimeters offer ultra-high energy resolutions, but the small volume of each pixel requires that large arrays of identical microcalorimeter pixels be built to achieve sufficient detection efficiency. That in turn requires as much pulse processing as possible must be performed at the front end of readout electronics to avoid transferring large amounts of data to a host computer for post-processing. Therefore, a real-time pulse processing algorithm that not only can be implemented in the readout electronics but also achieve satisfactory energy resolutions is desired. We have developed an algorithm that can be easily implemented in hardware. We then tested the algorithm offline using several data sets acquired with an 8\times8 Goddard TES x-ray calorimeter array and 2\times16 NIST time-division SQUID multiplexer. We obtained an average energy resolution of close to 3.0 eV at 6 keV for the multiplexed pixels while preserving over 99% of the events in the data sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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12. Improved Isotopic Analysis With a Large Array of Gamma-Ray Microcalorimeters.
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Jethava, N., Ullom, J. N., Bennett, D. A., Doriese, W. B., Beall, J. A., Hilton, G. C., Horansky, R. D., Irwin, K. D., Sassi, E., Vale, L. R., Bacrania, M. K., Hoover, A. S., Karpius, P. J., Rabin, M. W., Rudy, C. R., and Vo, D. T.
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PLUTONIUM ,GAMMA ray spectrometry ,CALORIMETERS ,SUPERCONDUCTING quantum interference devices ,MULTIPLEXING ,DETECTORS - Abstract
We present results from the largest array of gamma-ray microcalorimeters operated to date. The microcalorimeters consist of Mo/Cu transition-edge sensors with attached Sn absorbers. The detector array contains 66 pixels each with an active area 2.25 mm
2 . Out of 66 pixels, 55 are active, and 31 were used to acquire a high statistics Pu gamma-ray spectrum. The energy resolution of the best 21 pixels was found to be 120 eV FWHM. The array is read out using time domain SQUID multiplexing. Here, we describe the multiplexing and present a high statistics Pu spectra. Because of the large collecting area of our array, the statistical error in the240 Pu line intensity is approximately 0.7%, which is comparable to the systematic error in a measurement with a 500 eV germanium sensor. Hence, we have reached an important threshold for demonstrating improved isotopic measurements with microcalorimeter sensors. With straightforward changes, we plan to achieve a resolution of about 50 eV FWHM with 256 multiplexed detectors. Finally, we present early estimates of on-chip heating within our sensor array. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2009
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13. Code-division multiplexing for x-ray microcalorimeters.
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Stiehl, G. M., Doriese, W. B., Fowler, J. W., Hilton, G. C., Irwin, K. D., Reintsema, C. D., Schmidt, D. R., Swetz, D. S., Ullom, J. N., and Vale, L. R.
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MULTIPLEXING , *CALORIMETERS , *X-rays , *DETECTORS , *TEMPERATURE , *ENERGY dissipation , *BANDWIDTHS , *GAMMA rays - Abstract
We demonstrate the code-division multiplexing (CDM) readout of eight transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters. The energy resolution is 3.0 eV (full width at half-maximum) or better at 5.9 keV, with a best resolution of 2.3 eV and a mean of 2.6 eV over the seven modulated detectors. The flux-summing CDM system is described and compared with similar time-division multiplexing (TDM) readout. We show that the [formula] multiplexing disadvantage associated with TDM is not present in CDM. This demonstration establishes CDM as both a simple route to higher performance in existing TDM microcalorimetric experiments and a long-term approach to reaching higher multiplexing factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Code-division SQUID multiplexing.
- Author
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Niemack, M. D., Beyer, J., Cho, H. M., Doriese, W. B., Hilton, G. C., Irwin, K. D., Reintsema, C. D., Schmidt, D. R., Ullom, J. N., and Vale, L. R.
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MULTIPLEXING ,SUPERCONDUCTORS ,QUANTUM interference ,DETECTORS ,CONTINUUM damage mechanics - Abstract
Multiplexed superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) readout systems are critical for measuring large arrays of superconducting transition-edge sensors (TES). We demonstrate a code-division SQUID multiplexing (CDM) architecture that is modulated by Walsh codes. Measurements and simulations of a prototype multiplexer show that this modulation scheme is not degraded by SQUID-noise aliasing, suppresses parasitic pickup, and has low levels of crosstalk. These properties enable this architecture to scale to large TES arrays. Furthermore, CDM modulation suppresses the 1/f knee in the noise to below 20 mHz, suggesting the use of this circuit for low-frequency-noise mitigation in more general SQUID applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
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15. Time-division multiplexing of high-resolution x-ray microcalorimeters: Four pixels and beyond.
- Author
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Doriese, W. B., Beau, J. A., Deiker, S., Duncan, W. D., Ferreira, L., Hilton, G. C., Irwin, K. D., Reintsema, C. D., Ullom, J. N., Vale, L. R., and Xu, Y.
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CALORIMETERS , *X-rays , *OPTICAL resolution , *PHYSICS , *MULTIPLEXING , *PHYSICS instruments - Abstract
We present experimental results from a four-pixel array of transition-edge-sensor, x-ray microcalorimeters read out through a single amplifier channel via a time-division superconducting quantum interference device multiplexer. We map the dependence of the x-ray energy resolution of the microcalorimeters on multiplexer timing parameters. We achieve multiplexed, four-pixel resolution of 6.94±0.05 eV full width at half maximum of the Mn Kα complex near 5.9 keV, which is a degradation of only 0.44 eV from nonmultiplexed operation. An analysis of straightforward upgrades to the multiplexer predicts that a linear array of 32 of these pixels could he multiplexed with a degradation in resolution of only 0.1 eV. These results, the first demonstration of a time-division multiplexer for x-ray detectors, establish a clear path to the instrumentation of a kilopixel microcalorimeter array. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
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