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Simple Summary: As sarcopenia has been shown to be associated with a variety of functional impairments and increased mortality, it has become increasingly important to evaluate sarcopenia comorbidity in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We assessed sarcopenia in patients with OSCC in a way that is feasible in daily practice and retrospectively evaluated its impact on prognosis. Patients with both low quality and low quantity of cervical muscles had a significantly worse prognosis. Assessing sarcopenia by evaluating both the quality and quantity of preoperative cervical skeletal muscle mass may be useful in optimizing the treatment of patients with OSCC without requiring additional imaging or patient burden. Accumulating evidence has shown that sarcopenia in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is at a risk of poor prognosis. There is no universal consensus on how to assess sarcopenia in patients with OSCC in daily practice. It is important to validate the usefulness of sarcopenia assessment from cervical muscles, which are frequently used in routine clinical practice in patients with OSCC. In this study, we investigated whether preoperative lumbar (L3) skeletal muscle mass and adiposity in OSCC patients were associated with cervical (C3) skeletal muscle mass and adiposity from CT measurements. We also investigated whether skeletal muscle mass and adiposity in the C3 muscles were associated with survival rates in patients with OSCC. We demonstrated that both the quality and quantity of muscle between the C3 and L3 levels were positively correlated with each other. We also demonstrated that the survival rates in patients with low sternocleidomastoid muscle mass index, high processus spinosus muscle-intramuscular adipose tissue content, and the combination of both were significantly lower than those in the controls. These results suggest that the assessment of sarcopenia from multiple neck muscles by preoperative CT measurements may be useful in predicting the prognosis of patients with OSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has the highest mortality rate among all head and neck cancers. To date, the impact of preoperative malnutrition and sarcopenia on survival in OSCC patients remains controversial. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of preoperative nutritional status and abnormalities in body composition on the mortality of OSCC patients. The disease-specific survival (DSS) rate among patients with a high intramuscular adipose tissue content (IMAC) and a low psoas muscle mass index was significantly lower than that in controls. Multivariate analysis revealed that a low preoperative Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) and high IMAC were independent risk factors. We demonstrated that preoperative malnutrition and abnormal body composition, such as abnormal preoperative skeletal muscle quality, are associated with DSS in OSCC patients. Our study suggests that the evaluation of preoperative malnutrition and skeletal muscle quality would be useful for predicting mortality in patients with OSCC. The impact of preoperative malnutrition and sarcopenia on survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients remains controversial. We investigated the effects of the preoperative nutritional status and abnormalities in body composition on the mortality of OSCC patients. A retrospective study involving 103 patients with OSCC was conducted. Disease-specific survival (DSS) according to the preoperative psoas muscle mass index (PMI) and intramuscular adipose tissue content (IMAC) was evaluated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the predictive performance of the covariates with respect to DSS. The DSS rate in patients with high IMAC and low PMI was significantly lower than that in controls. Multivariate analysis revealed that a low preoperative Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) and high IMAC were independent risk factors. We demonstrated that preoperative malnutrition and abnormal body composition, such as preoperative skeletal muscle quality, are associated with DSS in OSCC patients. Our study suggests that the evaluation of preoperative malnutrition and skeletal muscle quality would be useful for predicting mortality in patients with OSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]