1. Advances in the understanding of talaromycosis in HIV-negative patients (especially in children and patients with hematological malignancies): A comprehensive review.
- Author
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He H, Cai L, Lin Y, Zheng F, Liao W, Xue X, and Pan W
- Subjects
- Humans, Child, Risk Factors, HIV Infections complications, HIV Infections epidemiology, Talaromyces isolation & purification, Talaromyces pathogenicity, Mycoses epidemiology, Mycoses microbiology, Hematologic Neoplasms complications, Hematologic Neoplasms microbiology
- Abstract
Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) stands out as the sole thermobiphasic fungus pathogenic to mammals, including humans, within the fungal community encompassing Ascomycota, Eurotium, Eurotiumles, Fungiaceae, and Cyanobacteria. Thriving as a saprophytic fungus in its natural habitat, it transitions into a pathogenic yeast phase at the mammalian physiological temperature of 37°C. Historically, talaromycosis has been predominantly associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), classified among the three primary opportunistic infections linked with AIDS, alongside tuberculosis and cryptococcosis. As advancements are made in HIV/AIDS treatment and control measures, the incidence of talaromycosis co-infection with HIV is declining annually, whereas the population of non-HIV-infected talaromycosis patients is steadily increasing. These patients exhibit diverse risk factors such as various types of immunodeficiency, malignant tumors, autoimmune diseases, and organ transplantation, among others. Yet, a limited number of retrospective studies have centered on the clinical characteristics and risk factors of HIV-negative talaromycosis patients, especially in children and patients with hematological malignancies, resulting in an inadequate understanding of this patient cohort. Consequently, we conducted a comprehensive review encompassing the epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of HIV-negative talaromycosis patients, concluding with a prospectus of the disease's frontier research direction. The aim is to enhance comprehension, leading to advancements in the diagnosis and treatment rates for these patients, ultimately improving their prognosis., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The International Society for Human and Animal Mycology.)
- Published
- 2024
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