Search

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have become a popular solution for expanding internet service and communication in both urban and rural areas. However, the performance of WMNs depends on generating optimized time-division multiple access (TDMA) schedules, which distribute time into a list of slots called superframes. This study proposes novel meta-heuristic algorithms to generate TDMA link schedules in WMNs using two different interference/constraint models: multi-transmit-receive (MTR) and full-duplex (FD). The objectives of this study are to optimize the TDMA frame for packet transmission, satisfy the constraints, and minimize the end-to-end delay. The significant contributions of this study are: (1) proposing effective and efficient heuristic solutions to solve the NP-complete problem of generating optimal TDMA link schedules in WMNs; (2) investigating the new FD interference model to improve the network capacity above the physical layer. To achieve these objectives and contributions, the study uses two popular meta-heuristics, the artificial bee colony (ABC) and/or genetic algorithm (GA), to solve the known NP-complete problems of joint scheduling, power control, and rate control. The results of this study show that the proposed algorithms can generate optimized TDMA link schedules for both MTR and FD models. The joint routing and scheduling approach further minimizes end-to-end delay while maintaining the schedule's minimum length and/or maximum capacity. The proposed solution outperforms the existing solutions in terms of the number of active links, end-to-end delay, and network capacity. The research aims to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of WMNs in most applications that require high throughput and fast response time.

Protecting electronic documents, especially those containing sensitive data, is a major challenge in an open web. The data security industry has long struggled to manage the security of e-books, data shows that information security issues can cause significant economic losses after three years Although cryptographic methods have been proposed as a solution in of these challenges Focusing on speed and efficiency The shortcomings of traditional encryption methods have been thoroughly examined Although a number of network management techniques assure retention privacy and integrity though, when it comes to encryption. Digital signature algorithms, although effective in detecting unauthorized changes and limiting the scope for copyright protection, do not ensure the confidentiality of shared electronic documents When addressing research gaps addressing this issue, the paper proposes a security framework for electronic documents that combines three important security mechanisms: encryption, digital signatures, and watermark algorithms Dhishu By matching their strengths, constraints are overcome. The combination of encryption and digital signatures is explored as a promising approach to protecting electronic documents, ensuring authenticity and confidentiality Importantly, the need to explore security mechanisms such as digital is highlighted emphasis on handwriting, encryption, and watermarking systems in depth.

With the increase of harmful substances and greenhouse gases that need to be discharged from the traditional thermal power in industrial production in China, the phenomenon of climate warming is becoming more and more prominent. Clean energy will continue to increase in China's future energy consumption structure and market share, hydropower, nuclear power, and other energy as China's main clean energy, the future in China still has a huge market development and use of space. The new policies further adopted by the central bank of China include: continuously optimizing the structure of reasonable credit fund allocation and risk fund application for electric power enterprises to enhance the return rate of assets of electric power enterprises; continuously supporting the development of smart grid and strengthening the linkage between network and electric power; reasonably and categorically guiding the source of clean utilization of electric power, actively supporting large hydropower generation and solar and nuclear power generation, and investing funds in a controlled manner to support large thermal power generation, promote the upgrading of the thermal power generation industry structure, cautiously guide funds into large biomass power generation, wind power generation and small and medium-sized micro-hydro power, strictly control small and medium-sized thermal power, as soon as possible to withdraw from the implementation of the national preferential policies for small and medium-sized power industry management system, energy conservation and reduction of harmful emissions of environmental gases of enterprises is not possible to meet the standards and there are financial risks business efficiency situation Small and medium-sized electric power enterprises that continue to seriously deteriorate.