Search

Elevated global pollution level is the prime reason that contributes to the onset of various harmful health diseases. The products of Biginelli reaction are enormously used in the pharmaceutical industry as they have antiviral, antibacterial, and calcium channel modulation abilities. This work reports a novel eosin Y sensitized boron graphitic carbon nitride (EY‐Ben‐g‐C3N4) as a photocatalyst that efficiently produced 3,4‐dihydropyrimidine‐2‐(1H)‐one by the Biginelli reaction of benzaldehyde, urea, and methyl acetoacetate. The photocatalyst EY‐Ben‐g‐C3N4 showed a successful generation of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidine‐2‐(1H)‐one (Biginelli product) in good yield via photocatalysis which is an eco‐friendly method and has facile operational process. In addition to the production of Biginelli products, the photocatalyst also showed a remarkable NADH regeneration of 81.18%. The incorporation of g‐C3N4 with boron helps increase the surface area and the incorporation of eosin Y which is an inexpensive and non‐toxic dye, and in Ben‐g‐C3N4, enhanced the light‐harvesting capacity of the photocatalyst. The production of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidine‐2‐(1H)‐one and NADH by the EY‐Ben‐g‐C3N4 photocatalyst is attributed to the requisite band gap, high molar absorbance, low rate of charge recombination, and increased capacity of the photocatalyst to harvest solar light energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aloe vera‐derived graphene (ADG) coupled system photocatalyst, mimicking natural photosynthesis, is one of the most promising ways for converting solar energy into ammonia (NH3) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) that have been widely used to make the numerous chemicals such as fertilizer and fuel. In this study, we report the synthesis of the aloe vera‐derived graphene‐coupled phenosafranin (ADGCP) acting as a highly efficient photocatalyst for the generation of NH3 and regeneration of NADH from nitrogen (N2) and oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). The results show a benchmark instance for mimicking natural photosynthesis activity as well as the practical applications for the solar‐driven selective formation of NH3 and the regeneration of NADH by using the newly designed photocatalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A solvent‐free sulfur‐bridge‐eosin‐Y (SBE‐Y) polymeric framework photocatalyst was prepared for the first time through an in situ thermal polymerization route using elemental sulfur (S8) as a bridge. The addition of a sulfur bridge to the polymeric framework structure resulted in an allowance of the harvesting range of eosin‐Y (E‐Y) for solar light. This shows that a wider range of solar light can be used by the bridge material's photocatalytic reactions. In this context, supercharged solar spectrum: enhancing light absorption and hole oxidation with sulfur bridges. This suggests that the excited electrons and holes through solar light can contribute to oxidation–reduction reactions more potently. As a result, the photocatalyst‐enzyme attached artificial photosynthesis system developed using SBE‐Y as a photocatalyst performs exceptionally well, resulting in high 1,4‐NADH regeneration (86.81%), followed by its utilization in the exclusive production of formic acid (210.01 μmol) from CO2 and synthesis of fine chemicals with 99.9% conversion yields. The creation of more effective photocatalytic materials for environmental clean‐up and other applications that depend on the solar light‐driven absorption spectrum of inorganic and organic molecules could be one of the practical ramifications of this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photocatalytic oxidation and generation/regeneration of amines to imines and leucodopaminechrome (LDC)/NADH are subjects of intense interest in contemporary research. Imines serve as crucial intermediates for the synthesis of solar fuels, fine chemicals, agricultural chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. While significant progress has been made in developing efficient processes for the oxidation and generation/regeneration of secondary amines, the oxidation of primary amines has received comparatively less attention until recently. This discrepancy can be attributed to the high reactivity of imines generated from primary amines, which are prone to dehydrogenation into nitriles. In this study, we present the synthesis and characterization of a novel polymer‐based photocatalyst, denoted as PMMA‐DNH, designed for solar light‐harvesting applications. PMMA‐DNH incorporates the light‐harvesting molecule dinitrophenyl hydrazine (DNH) at varying concentrations (5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%). Leveraging its high molar extinction coefficient and slow charge recombination, the 30% DNH‐incorporated PMMA photocatalyst proves to be particularly efficient. This photocatalytic system demonstrates exceptional yields (96.5%) in imine production and high generation/regeneration rates for LDC/NADH (65.27%/78.77%). The research presented herein emphasizes the development and application of a newly engineered polymer‐based photocatalyst, which holds significant promise for direct solar‐assisted chemical synthesis in diverse commercial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal-free photocatalysis is a sustainable and environmentally friendly method of transforming solar energy into molecules with added value. A light-harvesting photocatalyst without metal Phloxin-B (P-B) in-situ edge functionalized graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was assembled to enable the solar-light responsive photocatalytic C-H bond arylation and NADH regeneration cofactor. The photocatalytic performance was examined to estimate the C-H bond arylation and NADH regeneration efficiency by g-C3N4/P-B composite photocatalyst. The charge carrier transfer of g-C3N4 was found to be stimulated by the light harvester P-B layer, increasing the efficiency of chemical synthesis under solar light irradiation. In light of this, the g-C3N4/P-B composite photocatalyst exhibits high photocatalytic activity for the successful C-H bond arylation (98.6%) and regeneration of NADH (70.7%). This composite photocatalyst was characterized by FTIR and UV-visible spectrum along with particle size analysis, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). This effort offers a new and superficial technique to synthesize a highly efficient g-C3N4/P-B composite photocatalyst and afford a greener path for renewable energy and photocatalytic reactions. The graphical abstract represents the highly selective g-C3N4/P-B photocatalyst for the C-H bond activation of 4-bromoaryldiazonium salts with furan and regeneration of NADH under solar light irradiation. The g-C3N4/P-B photocatalyst has been effective photocatalytic property due stacking of Phloxin-B dye (P-B) on the g-C3N4 sheet. NADH regenerated and C-H bond arylated products are used as substrates in the pharma industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript emphasizes how structural assembling can facilitate the generation of solar chemicals and the synthesis of fine chemicals under solar light, which is a challenging task via a photocatalytic pathway. Solar energy utilization for pollution prevention through the reduction of organic chemicals is one of the most challenging tasks. In this field, a metal-based photocatalyst is an optional technique but has some drawbacks, such as low efficiency, a toxic nature, poor yield of photocatalytic products, and it is expensive. A metal-free activated carbon cloth (ACC)–templated photocatalyst is an alternative path to minimize these drawbacks. Herein, we design the synthesis and development of a metal-free self-assembled eriochrome cyanine R (EC-R) based ACC photocatalyst (EC-R@ACC), which has a higher molar extinction coefficient and an appropriate optical band gap in the visible region. The EC-R@ACC photocatalyst functions in a highly effective manner for the photocatalytic reduction of 4-nitro benzyl alcohol (4-NBA) into 4-amino benzyl alcohol (4-ABA) with a yield of 96% in 12 h. The synthesized EC-R@ACC photocatalyst also regenerates reduced forms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) cofactor with a yield of 76.9% in 2 h. The calculated turnover number (TON) of the EC-R@ACC photocatalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol is 1.769 × 1019 molecules. The present research sets a new benchmark example in the area of organic transformation and artificial photocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalysis is an ecofriendly and sustainable pathway for utilizing solar energy to convert organic molecules. In this context, using solar light responsive graphene-based materials for C–N bond activation and coenzyme regeneration (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen; NADH) is one of the utmost important and challenging tasks in this century. Herein, we report the synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs)-eriochrome cyanine (EC) solar light active highly efficient "NGQDs@EC" composite photocatalyst for the conversion of 4-chloro benzylamine into 4-chloro benzylamine, accompanied by the regeneration of NADH from NAD+, respectively. The NGQDs@EC composite photocatalyst system is utilized in a highly efficient and stereospecific solar light responsive manner, leading to the conversion of imine (98.5%) and NADH regeneration (55%) in comparison to NGQDs. The present research work highlights the improvements in the use of NGQDs@EC composite photocatalyst for stereospecific NADH regeneration and conversion of imine under solar light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focuses on the fabrication and application of in situ boron and selenium-doped carbon nitride nanosheets as effective photocatalysts using sun spectrum irradiation to convert turbocharged benzaldehyde to benzyl alcohol. To optimize the doping method for enhanced activity, the effect of changing dopant concentrations on catalytic efficiency was thoroughly investigated. Furthermore, a through analysis of the reactive species involved in the conversion process helped to clarify the photocatalytic process. Based on charge transfer and low recombination, the results indicate that boron and selenium dopants work synergistically to improve catalytic efficiency. This research helps to improve the development of new photocatalytic materials for the sustainable and ecologically friendly transformation of organic molecules under solar spectrum irradiation. The regeneration of NADH using B,Se-CN photocatalyst demonstrates very good efficiency. It also demonstrated the high conversion efficiency of benzaldehyde to benzyl alcohol. This study emphasizes the possible use of B,Se-CN composite in the area of photoinduced conversion-based organic transformation. The knowledge gathered from this research opens up new avenues for the development and enhancement of effective photocatalysts that might be used in a range of solar-powered organic transformation processes. [Display omitted] • B,Se-CN photocatalyst was synthesis via two-step process through thermal polycondensation of M, B and SU. • The light harvesting photocatalyst had the capacity to photo-regenerate the 1,4 NADH and bio-transformation. • The synthesized photocatalyst potential as stable catalyst for production of 1,4 NADH (yield and benzyl alcohol. • Demonstrated synergistic enhancement of catalytic efficiency by dopants, contributing to sustainable alcohol formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalysis has emerged as a promising approach for generating solar chemical and organic transformations under the solar light spectrum, employing polymer photocatalysts. In this study, our aim is to achieve the regeneration of NADH and fixation of nitroarene compounds, which hold significant importance in various fields such as pharmaceuticals, biology, and chemistry. The development of an in-situ nature-inspired artificial photosynthetic pathway represents a challenging task, as it involves harnessing solar energy for efficient solar chemical production and organic transformation. In this work, we have successfully synthesized a novel artificial photosynthetic polymer, named TFc photocatalyst, through the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction between triptycene (T) and a ferrocene motif (Fc). The TF C photocatalyst is a promising material with excellent optical properties, an appropriate band gap, and the ability to facilitate the regeneration of NADH and the fixation of nitroarene compounds through photocatalysis. These characteristics are necessary for several applications, including organic synthesis and environmental remediation. Our research provides a significant step forward in establishing a reliable pathway for the regeneration and fixation of solar chemicals and organic compounds under the solar light spectrum. Bio-inspired In-Situ Synthesis of Polymer Photocatalyst for Selective Enzymatic 1,4-NADH Regeneration and Nitroarene Fixation. [Display omitted] • Polymer Photocatalyst for Selective Enzymatic Regeneration and Nitroarene Fixation. • Photocatalyst exhibits exceptional optical properties. • Photocatalyst exhibits exceptional photocatalytic performance and selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This manuscript focuses on how structural ordering can facilitate the formation of formic at ultra-low potential, which is a critical challenge via photocatalysis. • Human dependency on fossil fuels not only spikes the CO2 levels in the atmosphere but also depletes the limited energy resources. • The photocatalyst-enzyme integrated artificial system emerged as a benchmark for CO2 fixation solving both the energy crisis and carbon emission simultaneously. • Herein a TBE-Y photocatalyst designed by coupling triptycene (T) with eosin-Y (EY) through friedel craft reaction shows excellent solar light harvesting property, high molar extinction coefficient, and appropriate band-gap. • The as-synthesized 3D polymeric TBE-Y photocatalyst exhibits high NADH regeneration (78.77%) which when consecutively coupled with enzyme (formate dehydrogenase) via electron mediator produces HCOOH from CO2 in high yield. Carbon dioxide, one of the primary greenhouse gasses leading to global warming, ocean acidification, and climate change is an obnoxious concern. Human dependency on fossil fuels not only spikes the CO 2 level but also depletes the limited energy resources. The horrendous impact of carbon footprint has made the reduction of CO 2 into solar fuel an indispensable task. The photocatalyst-enzyme integrated artificial system has emerged as a benchmark for CO 2 fixation solving both the energy crisis and carbon emission simultaneously. Herein a TBE-Y photocatalyst designed by coupling triptycene (T) with eosin-Y (EY) through Friedel Craft reaction shows excellent solar light harvesting property, high molar extinction coefficient, and appropriate band-gap. The as-synthesized 3D polymeric TBE-Y photocatalyst exhibits high NADH regeneration (78.77%) which when consecutively coupled with enzyme (formate dehydrogenase) via electron mediator produces HCOOH (189.34 μmol) from CO 2 in high yield in 2 h. The graphical abstract shows the formation and regeneration of HCOOH from CO 2 and NADH respectively through TBE-Y photocatalyst under solar light irradiation. The TBE-Y photocatalyst was formed through Friedel craft reaction by the coupling of Triptycene and Eosin-Y, which is utilized for HCOOH formation from CO 2 in the presence of Solar light. Formic acid and NADH regeneration have a wide application in pharmaceutical companies. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As most promising organic semiconductors, and polymeric materials have concentrated much attention due to their thermochemical stability, chemical inertness, non-toxicity, excellent photoelectrical properties, low cost, and abundance of raw materials. However, the light-harvesting polymeric material graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4) has a limited ability to absorb light in the region below 420 nm because of its wide optical band gap. As one method to enhance the character of light harvesting and optical properties, such as EB-T (Eriochrome Black-T) has been used, and easy to prepare g-C 3 N 4 based EB-T (g-C 3 N 4 @EB-T) composite photocatalyst, which has tuned the energy gap of pristine g-C 3 N 4. In this article, we synthesized a new classic type of g-C 3 N 4 @EB-T composite photocatalyst by the copolymerization method. The EB-T moieties serve as external photosensitizing components in this composite photocatalyst. Compared to the initial materials, the g-C 3 N 4 @EB-T composite photocatalyst shows exceptional yields in the regeneration and formation of NADH and C(sp3) F bond. [Display omitted] • A novel photocatalytic system utilizing g-C 3 N 4 is proposed for the production and regeneration of the C(sp3)-F bond and NADH, crucial components in pharmaceutical synthesis. • The proposed system consists of a self-assembled g-C 3 N 4 composite that efficiently captures and utilizes sunlight to activate the reactions. • Ethylbenzene is used as a representative substrate for C(sp3)-F bond generation, while NAD+ serves as a model for NADH regeneration (65% yield). • The system exhibits remarkable selectivity and efficiency for both reactions and operates under mild conditions and at room temperature, making it suitable for large-scale synthesis. • This research highlights g-C 3 N 4 's potential as a versatile and environmentally friendly photocatalytic platform for various chemical transformations under sunlight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A spherical photocatalyst to emulate natural photosynthesis for the production of formic acid from CO 2. [Display omitted] • Efficient photocatalytic formic acid production from CO 2 has been carried out by a novel Bromophenol-Bakelite (BPB) composite. • The as prepared photocatalyst was characterized by several characterization techniques to determine the physio-chemical properties. • The prepared photocatalyst is found to be visible light active and was further used for the regeneration of NADH and formation of formic acid. • The yield for solar light driven NADH regeneration and formic acid production by this photocatalyst was found to be 82.52 % and 220 μmol respectively. The conversion of carbon dioxide (CO 2) to various chemical compounds is an attractive solution to overcome the global energy and environmental crisis. However, the chemical stability of CO 2 hinders the many chemical applications such as photochemical conversion processes. In this work, we developed the efficient photocatalytic reactions for the production of formic acid from CO 2 and the NADH regeneration by employing a novel Bromophenol-Bakelite (BPB) composite. We synthesized the BPB photocatalyst with the bromophenol blue dye-doped inside the Bakelite matrix. The BPB-composite showed the excellent photocatalytic abilities combined to the photocatalyst − enzyme coupled artificial photosynthetic system. For the production of formic acid and the NADH regeneration, the catalytic efficiencies of BPB-composite were much higher than those of bromophenol. Our approach will open up the new way toward the selective productions of solar chemicals directly converted from CO 2 via the artificial photosynthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Highly efficient protein/graphitic carbon nitride/sulfur hydrogel photocatalyst. • Artificial photosynthetic system for mimicking natural photosynthesis. • 86.78% Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide regeneration in 2 h. • 90.0% l -Glutamate production from α-ketoglutarate under visible light irradiation. Artificial photosynthesis process is a nature inspired process that can convert solar energy to important value added chemicals. Here, we report the synthesis of a self-assembled protein and carbon nitride/sulfur hydrogel (Fmoc- d -PheA/g-C 3 N 4 /S) as a visible light active hydrogel photocatalyst for 86.78% reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) regeneration and 90.0% l -Glutamate production under solar light irradiation. The present work represents a new benchmark example for NADH regeneration and solar chemical production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]