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Polyaniline-carboxylic acid functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (PAni/c-MWNT) nanocomposites were prepared in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) emulsion. First, the c-MWNTs were dispersed in SDS emulsion then the aniline was polymerized by the addition of ammonium persulfate in the absence of any added acid. SDS forms the functionalized counterion in the resulting nanocomposites. The content of c-MWNTs in the nanocomposites varied from 0 to 20 wt%. A uniform coating of PAni was observed on the c-MWNTs by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The PAni/c-MWNT nanocomposites have been characterized by different spectroscopic methods such as UV-Visible, FT-Raman, and FT-IR. The UV-Visible spectra of the PAni/c-MWNT nanocomposites exhibited an additional band at around 460 nm, which implies the induced doping of the MWNTs by the carboxyl group. The FT-IR spectra of the PAni/c-MWNT nanocomposites showed an inverse intensity ratio of the bands at 1562 and 1480 cm−1 as compared to that of pure PAni, which reveals that the PAni in the nanocomposites is richer in quinoid units than the pure PAni. The increase in the thermal stability of conductivity of the nanocomposites was due to the network structure of nanotubes and the charge transfer between the quinoid rings of the PAni and the c-MWNTs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which synthesized polyaniline/carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotube (PAni/c-MWNT) nanocomposites by micellar aided emulsion polymerization with different c-MWNTs compositions. The microcrystalline parameters were calculated from the X-ray data by using the Exponential distribution and Reinhold distribution methods. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data showed that the thermal stability of the nanocomposites improved following the incorporation of c-MWNTs.

Abstract: In this study, we examined the tensile and fracture behaviors of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) reinforced epoxy nanocomposites with and without moisture absorption. The MWCNT/epoxy nanocomposites were fabricated using 0.1wt.% unmodified, oxidized, and silanized MWCNTs and were kept in seawater for over 15 weeks. Silane-modified specimens demonstrated greater tensile strength, elastic modulus, and transmittance than unmodified or acid-modified specimens, irrespective of moisture absorption. Compared to dry nanocomposites, moisture absorption decreased the tensile strength and elastic modulus for each surface modification. Fracture behavior showed similar tendencies as tensile test results. However, the fracture toughnesses of oxidized and silanized MWCNT/epoxy nanocomposites were not notably different, whereas unmodified specimens had much lower fracture toughnesses, irrespective of moisture absorption. Moisture absorption may have caused degradation resulting in weak interfacial bonding due to epoxy swelling. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Ternary nanocomposites (NCs) comprising Ag-Cu 2 O supported on glucose-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with enhanced stability and visible light photocatalytic activity were synthesized via a facile and green approach using Benedict's solution and glucose solution at room temperature without the need of any toxic reagent, surfactant or any special treatment. Besides mild reducing capability to GO, glucose also induces the functionalization of rGO sheets, preventing the aggregation of reduced sheets and providing in situ stabilization to Cu 2 O. The resulting Ag-Cu 2 O/rGO NCs showed excellent photocatalytic efficiency for the photodegradation of methyl orange (MO), and the degradation rate was found to be higher than the pristine Cu 2 O and Cu 2 O/rGO NCs. Further, for the first time Ag-Cu 2 O/rGO NCs showed markedly enhanced photocatalytic efficiency for the photodegradation of phenol solution which is mainly attributed to its high electron injection rate and effective separation of electron–hole pairs. Thus, present strategy explores the facile synthesis way of varieties of Cu 2 O-based NCs materials using harmless reagents and their feasible applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanocomposites of pluronic F127 modified reduced graphene oxide (PF127-rGO) with polyethylene glycol plasticize gum arabic (PGA) was prepared by evaporating an aqueous solution mixture of PF127-rGO and PGA. PF127-rGO was synthesized by the in-situ reduction of graphene oxide using hydrazine in presence of pluronic F127 and characterized by the Uv–Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), wide angle x-ray scattering (WAXS), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. The Uv–Vis and Raman spectroscopy results indicate that pluronic F127 functionalization does not hamper the structure of rGO, and TEM image indicates, the pluronic F127 anchored rGO sheets remain exfoliated in diluted aqueous solution of PF127-rGO. WAXS, FTIR and TGA studies confirms the functionalization of rGO with pluronic F127. PF127-rGO 2.5, PF127-rGO 5 and PF127-rGO 7.5 nanocomposites were fabricated, where the numbers represent the weight percentage of PF127-rGO with respect to PGA. The composite films were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), FTIR, WAXS and mechanical property study. FESEM and WAXS studies show good dispersion of PF127-rGO sheets in the PGA matrix. The FTIR results indicate a significant interaction between functional groups of PF127-rGO and functional groups of PGA. PF127-rGO 7.5 shows a 124% increase of stress at break and 185% increase of Young's modulus compared to pure PGA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel 3D nanocomposite of nitrogen doped Co-CNTs over graphene sheets (3D N-Co-CNT@NG) have been successfully fabricated via a simple, scalable and one-step thermal decomposition method. This 3D hierarchical nanostructure provides an admirable conductive network for effective charge transfer and avoids the agglomeration of NG matrices, which examine direct as well as non-enzymatic responses to glucose oxidation and H 2 O 2 reduction at a low potential. The novel electrode showed excellent electrochemical performance towards glucose oxidation, with high sensitivity of 9.05 μA cm −2 mM −1 , a wide linear range from 0.025 to 10.83 mM, and a detection limit of 100 nM with a fast response time of less than 3 s. Furthermore, non-enzymatic H 2 O 2 sensors based on the 3D N-Co-CNT@NG electrode exhibited high sensitivity (28.66 μA mM −1 cm −2 ), wide linear range (2.0–7449 μM), low detection limit of 2.0 μM (S/N=3), excellent selectivity, decent reproducibility and long term stability. Such outstanding electrochemical performance can be endorsed to the large electroactive surface area, unique porous architecture, highly conductive networks, and synergistic interaction between N-Co-CNTs and nitrogen doped graphene (NG) in the novel 3D nanocomposite. This facile, cost-effective, sensitive, and selective glucose as well as H 2 O 2 sensors are also proven to be appropriate for the detection of glucose as well as H 2 O 2 in human serum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We combined the advantages of the 2-methylimidazole zinc salt (ZIF-8) and hydroxylated boron nitride (OH-BN) materials to prepare a new bifunctional separation material, namely ZIF-BN. In this, spherical ZIF-8 materials fill the macroporous structure of OH-BN sheets by coordination bonds due to the edge effect. Furthermore, a series of ZIF-BN/PVA membranes were prepared using the vacuum-assisted filtration of the layer-by-layer for the gas separation study. The trace amounts of PVA connect adjacent ZIF-BN sheets through hydrogen bonds, without covering the pore structures of ZIF-8 materials. Based on this exclusive strategy for preparing membranes, the obtained membranes exhibit superior H 2 separation performances. Compared with the pure PVA membrane, the H 2 permeability, H 2 /CO 2 selectivity, and H 2 /N 2 selectivity of the ZIF-BN/PVA-8 membrane have increased (54, 13, & 12)-fold, to (600 Barrer, 97.2, & 173.6), respectively. This strategy provides a facile way to design new bifunctional membranes for gas separation applications. [Display omitted] • A new bifunctional separation material, namely ZIF-BN, was successfully prepared. • A series of ZIF-BN/PVA membranes were prepared using the vacuum-assisted filtration of LbL. • PVA connects adjacent ZIF-BN through hydrogen bonds without covering the pores of ZIF-8. • The H 2 /CO 2 and H 2 /N 2 selectivities increase by 13 and 12 folds, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid materials based on recycled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (re-ABS) and nitrile rubber (NBR) upgraded by montmorrilonite nanofil 15 (N15) were prepared by melt processing. The morphology and structure of the nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. As revealed by SEM, NBR and N15 were homogeneously dispersed in the re-ABS matrix. The XRD and TEM studies demonstrated that N15 was mainly located in the re-ABS matrix in the form of an intercalated-exfoliated mixed structure that led to an increase of the melting viscosity of the materials. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites showed a good balance when adding 1 phr (parts per hundred parts of resin) of N15 into the re-ABS/NBR (90/10) blend. Furthermore, the thermal stability of the nanocomposites was also improved in the presence of NBR and N15. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfonated poly (ether-ether-ketone) (SPEEK) was selected as a surface modifying agent to prepare non-covalently functionalized reduced graphene oxide (NFrGO) followed by the development of NFrGO/cellulose acetate (CA) nanocomposite (NFrGO-CANC) through solution mixing. The formation of the nanocomposite was governed via the hydrogen bonding interactions among the –SO 3 H group of NFrGO and –OH/-C O groups of CA. NFrGO-CANC was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, FT-IR, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The tensile strength of the NFrGO-CANC increased significantly with increasing NFrGO loading. The tensile strength and modulus of the NFrGO-CANC with 1.5 wt.% NFrGO were improved by ∼102 and 143%, respectively, compared to those of pure CA. The onset degradation temperature and oxygen gas barrier properties of the NFrGO-CANC also were enhanced with increasing NFrGO loading up to 1.5 wt.% compared to those of pure CA film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hexylamine (HA) functionalized reduced graphene oxide (RGO-HA) was prepared via the modification of graphene oxide (GO) with HA, followed by reduction with hydrazine hydrate. The structure of RGO-HA was confirmed using various characterization techniques. RGO-HA was easily dispersed in several organic solvents due to its hydrophobic nature. Accordingly, RGO-HA/polyurethane (PU) composites were synthesized using different amounts of RGO-HA for their potential application in the field of barrier materials. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXS) analysis, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) showed that RGO-HA in PU was fully exfoliated and uniformly dispersed. The hydrogen gas barrier films were prepared by spray coating of RGO-HA/PU nanocomposite solutions on nylon films. Good attachment between the nylon surface and nanocomposite was confirmed by cross sectional field emission scanning electron microscopy. The nanocomposite coated nylon film having 43.3 wt% RGO-HA exhibited an 82% decrease in the hydrogen gas transmission rate (GTR) compared to a pure nylon film. The high reduction in GTR values of the coated films may motivate to use alkyl amine-modified reduced graphene oxide and PU nanocomposite for the future development of effective barrier materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanocomposites of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were prepared using a solution mixing technique employing polyvinyl phenol (PVP) as a compatibilizer. The PVP can facilitate composite formation by interacting with both rGO and PAN via π-π and H-bonding respectively. Various amounts of rGO were used to prepare PAN nanocomposites. The cross-sectional morphology of the composite films shows a uniform dispersion of rGO sheets in the PAN matrix. The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) studies revealed that good interaction of the rGO/PVP hybrid with PAN. The wide angle x-ray diffraction (WAXS) study confirms that the rGO sheets were uniformely dispersed as individual sheets in the PAN matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis shows enhanced thermal stability of the composite compared to pure PAN. The tensile strength and elastic modulus of the nanocomposites increased with increasing rGO content. A 102% enhancement in tensile strength and a 62.9% enhancement in elastic modulus were observed in the nanocomposite with 5% rGO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] NiCo2O4 were grown on RGO by in-situ synthesis process. [•] FE-SEM image revealed self-assembled layer by layer growth of NiCo2O4-RGO nanocomposite. [•] NiCo2O4-RGO nanocomposite exhibited synergetic effects on its electrochemical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] A polyvinyl alcohol film doped with C-ZnO nanoparticles was prepared by solution casting technique. [•] Dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and electrical conductivity gradually decrease with filler concentration. [•] XRD scans demonstrated the semi crystalline nature of the composites. [•] SEM images reveal the uniform distribution of nanoparticles within the polymer matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Facile method for the preparation of SPG/AuNPs/chitosan nanocomposite. [•] The synergistic effect between graphene and AuNPs promotes the electro oxidation. [•] The GO x /SPG–AuNPs–CH/ITO bioelectrode is used for glucose sensor with negligible interference and long term stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report an effective way to fabricatemechanically strong andmultifunctional polyimide (PI) nanocomposites using aminophenyl functionalizedgraphene nanosheet (APGNS). APGNS was successfully obtained througha diazonium salt reaction. PI composites with different loading ofAPGNS were prepared by in situpolymerization. Boththe mechanical and electrical properties of the APGNS/PI compositeswere significantly improved compared with those of pure PI due tothe homogeneous dispersion of APGNS and the strong interfacial covalentbonds between APGNS and the PI matrix. The electrical conductivityof APGNS/PI (3:97 w/w) was 6.6 × 10–2S/m whichwas about 1011times higher than that of pure PI. Furthermore,the modulus of APGNS/PI was increased up to 16.5 GPa, which is approximatelya 610% enhancement compared to that of pure PI, and tensile strengthwas increased from 75 to 138 MPa. The water vapor transmission rateof APGNS/PI composites (3:97 w/w) was reduced by about 74% comparedto that of pure PI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Acid-doped polybenzimidazole membranes with good electrochemical properties at high temperatures have been under increasing study in recent years for application in high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. The disadvantages associated with these types of membranes include reduced mechanical properties due to doping and acid leaching under continuous usage. The aforementioned drawbacks can be partly overcome by the addition of modified inorganic nanoparticles. This work reports the synthesis of poly(2,5-benzimidazole) (ABPBI) membranes and fabrication of ABPBI–silica nanocomposites by an ex situ technique using methanesulfonic acid as the solvent. The introduction of sulfonated silica nanoparticles into the ABPBI matrix helps to improve the water uptake, proton conductivity, thermal stability and mechanical property of the nanocomposites compared to the virgin ABPBI membrane. The storage modulus of phosphoric acid-doped ABPBI (dABPBI) nanocomposite with 10wt% modified silica is increased by 2-fold compared to that of virgin dABPBI. The maximum proton conductivity of 38.01mScm−1 is obtained from dABPBI nanocomposite membrane containing 10wt% modified silica at 140°C and 1% relative humidity in comparison to 15.23mScm−1 for virgin dABPBI membrane under similar conditions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells have emerged as a promising emission free technology to fulfill the existing power requirements of the 21st century. Nafion® is the most widely accepted and commercialized membrane to date and possesses excellent electrochemical properties below 80°C, under highly humidified conditions. However, a decrease in the proton conductivity of Nafion® above 80°C and lower humidity along with high membrane cost has prompted the development of new membranes and techniques. Addition of inorganic fillers, especially silicate-based nanomaterials, to the polymer membrane was utilized to partially overcome the aforementioned limitations. This is because of the lower cost, easy availability, high hydrophilicity and higher thermal stability of the inorganic silicates. Addition of silicates to the polymer membrane has also improved the mechanical, thermal and barrier properties, along with water uptake of the composite membranes, resulting in superior performance at higher temperature compared to that of the virgin membrane. However, the degrees of dispersion and interaction between the organic polymer and inorganic silicates play vital roles in improving the key properties of the membranes. Hence, different techniques and solvent media were used to improve the degrees of nanofiller dispersion and the physico-chemical properties of the membranes. This review focuses mainly on the techniques of silicate-based nanocomposite fabrication and the resulting impact on the membrane properties. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Dodecyl amine-modified graphene (DA-G)/linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) nanocomposites were prepared through solution mixing. Field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed homogeneous dispersions of graphene layers in the nanocomposites. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the average crystallite size of the nanocomposites was increased. However, the % crystallinity was found to decrease due to the formation of a random interface. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the storage moduli of the nanocomposites were much higher than that of neat LLDPE. The nanocomposites were also more thermally stable than neat LLDPE. Isothermal thermogravimetry showed that homogeneously distributed graphene could act as a good inhibitor during thermal degradation of the nanocomposites. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that the crystallization temperature of the nanocomposites increased with increasing DA-G content. Thermomechanical analysis showed that the dimensional stability of the nanocomposites was significantly increased by the addition of the DA-G. The coefficients of thermal expansion decreased with increasing DA-G content. The oxygen and nitrogen permeability of the nanocomposites was lower than that of neat LLDPE. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Nafion is the most widely accepted and commercialized membrane for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells owing to its high proton conductivity, mechanical stability and cell performance under humidified conditions at low temperature. However, the performance of the membrane deteriorates rapidly above 80°C. In this work, Laponite XLS, a synthetic grade of peptized Laponite clay, is used as inorganic filler to prepare Nafion-clay nanocomposite membranes using solution mixing technique. The presence of sodium pyrophosphate (Na4P2O7) on the surface of Laponite XLS holds the key towards the improvement in proton conductivity of the nanocomposites compared to the virgin Nafion. Incorporation of acid-activated Laponite to Nafion further improves the mechanical property, thermal stability, water uptake and proton conductivity of the resulting nanocomposite due to the presence of in situ generated H3PO4 on the surface of acid-activated Laponite. The proton conductivity of the nanocomposite membrane containing 3wt% acid-activated Laponite is found to be 270.2mS/cm compared to 136.2mS/cm for the virgin Nafion at 110°C. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We investigated the effects of clay silane treatment on the fracture behaviors of clay/epoxy nanocomposites by comparing the compliance, critical fracture load, and fracture toughness of silane-treated samples with those of untreated samples. The fracture toughnesses of untreated and silane-treated clay/epoxy nanocomposites were 8.52J/m2 and 15.55J/m2, respectively, corresponding to an 82% increase in fracture toughness after clay silane treatment. Tensile tests were performed at −30°C, 25°C, 40°C, and 70°C. Tensile strength and elastic modulus were higher at −30°C than at 25°C for both samples. However, the tensile properties decreased as temperature increased for both samples. In particular, at 70°C, the tensile properties were less than 10% of the original value at room temperature, independent of surface treatment. The fracture and tensile properties of silane-treated clay/epoxy nanocomposites increased due to good dispersion of the clay in epoxy and improvement in interfacial adhesive strength between epoxy and clay layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Polypyrrole (PPy)/graphene (GR) nanocomposites were successfully prepared via in-situ polymerization of graphite oxide (GO) and pyrrole monomer followed by chemical reduction using hydrazine monohydrate. The large surface area and high aspect ratio of the in-situ generated graphene played an important role in justifying the noticeable improvements in electrical conductivity of the prepared composites via chemical reduction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed the removal of oxygen functionality from the GO surface after reduction and the bonding structure of the reduced composites were further determined from FTIR and Raman spectroscopic analysis. For PPy/GR composite, intensity ratio between D band and G band was high (∼1.17), indicating an increased number of c-sp2 domains that were formed during the reduction process. A reasonable improvement in thermal stability of the reduced composite was also observed. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations indicated the dispersion of the graphene nanosheets within the PPy matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The storage of H 2 is one of the critical issues to be resolved to expand H 2 -based energy. Herein, MXene was employed in combination with GO for the first time for H 2 gas barrier coating on nylon 6 substrate (commonly used in storage tanks). A facile two-step method was acquired to covalently bond MXene and GO through 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) by employing carbodiimide reaction. The MXene-GO hybrid nanofiller (f -MXene-GO) exhibited a higher gallery gap between the nanosheets than that of the pristine MXene and GO. Besides, GO was also partially reduced by the amine functional groups of APTES. To the best of our knowledge, the stitching of MXene and GO using APTES has not yet been discussed in the literature. When f -MXene-GO was dispersed in poly (ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (EAA), a significant improvement in the mechanical properties was observed. An increase in the gallery gap between the MXene layers in f -MXene-GO/EAA nanocomposite as compared to MXene/EAA suggested the effectiveness of APTES grafting to enhance the interaction with EAA. MXene/EAA exhibited a higher H 2 gas barrier and mechanical properties than GO/EAA, whereas the adhesion of MXene/EAA to the nylon 6 substrate was weak. f -MXene-GO/EAA exhibited a judicious combination of both barrier and adhesion properties. The 10 wt% f -MXene-GO/EAA coated layer showed a very low H 2 permeability coefficient (0.03 cc.mm.m−2.d−1.atm−1) and a significant 89% reduction in the H 2 gas transmission rate with respect to nylon 6. [Display omitted] • MXene was stitched with graphene oxide (GO) by aminosilane for H 2 barrier application. • Hybrid MXene-GO/poly (ethylene-co-acrylic acid) was spray-coated on nylon 6 substrate. • Nanocomposite film showed a judicious combination of barrier and adhesion properties. • H 2 permeability coefficient was 0.03 cc.mm.m−2.d−1.atm−1 at 10 wt% filler loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A high-performance, porous, faradaic CeO 2 /NiV–LDH nanocomposite is prepared. • Various components clearly reveal the strong synergistic effect for energy storage. • The CeO 2 /NiV-LDH (2:2) composite can act as electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation. • 3D flowerlike Bi 2 O 3 is synthesized and investigated as negative electrode material. • A quasi-solid-state ASC device is fabricated to examine its practicality. High-performance electrochemical supercapacitors should demonstrate notably high energy density along with ultralong cycling life for wide commercial applications. Hence, significant efforts are being made to improve the specific capacitance as well as expand the operating voltage of the fabricated supercapacitor device. Herein, a novel quasi-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device employing porous nanostructured CeO 2 /NiV–LDH (2:2) composite positive electrode and 3D flowerlike Bi 2 O 3 negative electrode is reported. The positive electrode material shows an efficiently improved electrochemical feature from synergistic integration between high surface area CeO 2 nanorods, and 2D NiV–LDH nanosheets with short diffusion distance for the charge carriers. In addition, the CeO 2 /NiV–LDH (2:2) composite acts as highly active and stable electrocatalyst when investigated for the methanol electrooxidation. The as-fabricated gel electrolyte based quasi-solid-state CeO 2 /NiV–LDH (2:2)//Bi 2 O 3 ASC device exhibits an excellent and stable electrochemical performance (highest energy density of 62.5 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1595.2 W kg−1) with long cycle life displaying 86.4% capacitance retention still after 10,000 GCD cycles. This work confirms the high suitability of the rare earth metal oxide and LDH-based composite electrode materials, as well as Bi chalcogenides, for the quasi-solid-state ASCs as proficient portable energy systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Development of MXene nanocomposites is an effective way to improve the properties of MXene for various applications. • Research on MXene nanocomposite has been emerging. • Recent advances in synthesis methods and properties of MXene nanocomposites have been updated. • Electrochemical applications and forthcoming opportunities of MXene nanocomposites have been discussed. Since the first exfoliation of a few atomic layers of transition metal carbides (Ti 3 C 2) from the three-dimensional (3D) MAX phase (Ti 3 AlC 2) in 2011, a family of two-dimensional (2D) layered metal carbides and nitrides also known as MXene has drawn great attention as a promising 2D material in various applications. The hydrophilic nature, excellent conductivity and electrochemical properties make MXene a fascinating 2D candidate for electrochemical energy storage applications. However, the aggregation, restacking, and oxidation of MXene nanosheets (NSs) significantly hinder their performance. To address these issues, an effective and straightforward strategy is to combine MXene with other materials including polymers, metal oxides, and carbon to form MXene nanocomposites. Making MXene nanocomposites with other materials is an effective way to tune the properties of MXene for many applications. In the current research trend, the most important application of MXene-based nanocomposite is electrochemical energy storage due to the improved electrochemical and physicochemical properties. Therefore, this review presents the current advances in MXene nanocomposites, especially for electrochemical energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Carbon composited with pseudocapacitive material emerged with great interest. • The electrochemical performance of hybrid composites is discussed systematically. • This review provides a comprehensive study. • Future perspectives and challenges in practical application also discussed. Supercapacitors are considered reliable devices for energy storage. However, supercapacitor has some limitations, such as relatively low capacitance and low energy density, which affect it as a promising energy storage device. In this context, carbon based nanocomposites have been widely studied in the past few years due to their excellent physical, mechanical and electrical properties. A lot of studies have been reported on carbon based materials with different 0D, 1D, 2D and 3D carbon nanostructures. The unique combination of pseudo-material with carbon material greatly improves the electrochemical performance of the composite as compared to individual candidate. However, developing high energy density supercapacitor devices with high cycling stability in a simple and cost effective way is still a challenge. This review provides the current progress on the carbon based pseudo-material composites for supercapacitor application in a well-systematic and easy manner which can guide the early researchers and emerging scientists dealing with or interested in supercapacitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]