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Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO 3), a perovskite-type oxide, possesses unique morphology and multiferroicity, rendering it highly versatile for various applications. Recent investigations have demonstrated that BiFeO 3 exhibits enhanced Fenton-like and photocatalytic behaviors, coupled with its piezoelectric/ferroelectric properties. BiFeO 3 can catalytically generate highly oxidative reactive oxygen species (ROS) when exposed to hydrogen peroxide or light irradiation. Consequently, bismuth ferrite-based nanomaterials have emerged as promising candidates for various biomedical applications. However, the precise fabrication of BiFeO 3 -based materials with controllable features and applications in diverse biomedical scenarios remains a formidable challenge. In this review, we initially summarize the Fenton reaction property, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of BiFeO 3. We further survey the current methodologies for synthesizing BiFeO 3 nanomaterials with diverse morphologies. Subsequently, we explore the effects of element doping and heterojunction formation on enhancing the photocatalytic activity of BiFeO 3 , focusing on microstructural, electronic band structure, and modification approaches. Additionally, we provide an overview of the recent advancements of BiFeO 3 -based nanomaterials in biomedicine. Finally, we discuss the prevailing obstacles and prospects of BiFeO 3 for biomedical applications, offering valuable insights and recommendations for forthcoming research endeavors. [Display omitted] • Summary of the Fenton reaction, ferroelectricity, and piezoelectricity in BiFeO 3. • Summary of the shape and photocatalytic performance in BiFeO 3. • Summary of the applications of BiFeO 3 in bioimaging, antibacterial and anticancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Ce and S-doped Bi 2 O 3 nanosheets (BOSC) with oxygen defects are designed and synthesized. • Oxygen vacancies enhance the charge transfer and light absorption capacity. • Cascade conversion of reactive oxygen species is realized via band bending. • BOSC exhibits a variety of enzyme-like activities, leading to tumor oxidative stress amplification. • BOSC can initiate inflammatory programmed cell death, known as PANoptosis. Photocatalytic therapy (PCT) is a minimally invasive technique that utilizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) to selectively and optically impair tumor cells. However, the limited efficacy of photocatalysts hinders their more comprehensive application. In this study, we successfully synthesized Ce and S-doped Bi 2 O 3 (BOSC) nanosheets through topological synthesis. BOSC exhibits CAT-like and POD-like enzyme activities and can generate ROS and heat upon near-infrared light irradiation, thereby amplifying tumor oxidative stress. Introducing rare earth Ce element enhances light absorption, introduces oxygen vacancies, reduces bandgap, and facilitates charge separation. This Ce-doping also modifies the band position and Fermi level of BOSC, resulting in increased band bending at the solid–liquid interface, enabling a cascade reaction of ROS and enhancing ROS production. Additionally, BOSC demonstrates multiple enzyme activities by depleting GSH and catalyzing the production of ROS and O 2 from endogenous H 2 O 2 , thereby exacerbating cellular oxidative damage. The synergistic effect of BOSC post-illumination induces panoptosis, thereby improving the therapeutic efficacy against tumors. This strategy, involving the modulation of band structure and band bending through ion doping to introduce oxygen defects into the photosensitizer, provides a viable approach to enhance tumor phototherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]