Search

Diverse methods have been developed for the synthesis of active nanocatalysts involving various heterogeneous catalytic reactions. Thus far, numerous trial-and-error runs have been done to find the effective and practical ways. In the present work, the All-In-One (AIO) reactor system with a well-designed synthesis program, now in pilot stage, was first exploited as a reliable synthesis tool to find the optimum conditions for the production of Ni nanocatalysts. Using an activated charcoal support, active Ni nanoparticles of 7.8–11.8 nm (labeled A001–A007 in the program) were produced. These were achieved using a melt-impregnation process, which was controlled by variations in the applied gas (N2 and H2) and temperature (400 °C, 450 °C, and 500 °C) used as critical factors in the calcination step. Based on the optimization of the reaction sequence, each Ni nanocatalyst could be prepared within 5 h and 22 min. In particular, the optimum Ni nanocatalyst (A006) with the smallest particle size (7.8 nm), prepared under H2 flow at 400 °C, exhibits the highest catalytic activity (0.748 mmol4-NP·gcat-1·s-1) among the Ni catalysts for 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) reduction to 4-aminophenol (4-AP). This activity is much higher than that of conventional supported Ni nanocatalysts (0.551 mmol4-NP·gcat-1·s-1) produced using the wetness method.

The development of high-performance Ni catalysts including the formation and stabilization of active Ni nanoparticles with high surface areas by increasing their metal dispersion at the high metal loading have been major issues in the design of a compact reformer for hydrogen production. Herein, we first report a facile method based on the sequential melt infiltration process for creating highly dispersed Ni nanoparticles (~7.5 nm) incorporated into alumina support (Ni/Al2O3) with high Ni load (45 wt%). They showed much higher hydrogen productivity and reaction rate than that of the incipient wet-impregnated Ni catalyst and commercial Ni catalyst as well as good thermal stability in steam-methane reforming under harsh conditions.

In this paper, we describe a facile new synthetic method for making highly dispersed molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles (~ 3 nm) on Ketjenblack carbon (MoS2/KC) via particle incorporation and sequential sulfidation. The MoS2/KC nanocatalyst obtained showed a good onset potential value (0.83 V), high durability, and excellent methanol tolerance for the oxygen reduction reaction. We report a simple method for making highly dispersed molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles (~ 3 nm) on Ketjenblack carbon support for sustainable oxygen reduction reactions with good onset potential, high durability, and excellent methanol tolerance.

C5–C13 linear alpha(α) olefins (LAOs) are high-value-added chemicals acknowledged by industry. However, using catalysts to elevate the activity and selectivity of LAOs remains a major challenge for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS). Recently, researchers on catalyst design have reported enhanced LAO production via FTS, but a more detailed understanding of the electron interactions between the active particles and hydrocarbon products is still needed. In the present paper, we report theoretical and experimental results of a potassium (K)-promotion effect on an optimized iron-carbide nanocatalyst (i.e. a carbon-encapsulated iron-carbide nanoparticle supported on nitrogen-doped porous carbon: Fe5C2@C/NPC). The K-doped Fe5C2@C/NPC nanocatalyst shows excellent catalytic performance with a high CO conversion of up to 96.7% at 78 h time-on-stream, C5–C13 LAO selectivity of 16.5% and productivity of 5.9 CH2 μmol gcat−1 s−1, compared to those of the K-free Fe5C2@C/NPC catalyst. The computer simulation model also supports the positive effects of the catalyst with a small amount of K (ca. 1 wt%, K/Fe = 0.05) in the FTS reaction, which well-matched the experimental results.

Bimetallic Rh–Co nanoparticles supported on nitrogen-doped porous carbon (Rh–Co/NPC) were synthesized from metal precursors and urea through a simple thermal decomposition/reduction under a nitrogen flow. The Rh–Co/NPC nanocatalyst which contains highly dispersed alloy nanoparticles (∼6 nm) showed high catalytic performance as well as good recyclability for the C–Se coupling reaction of diphenyl diselenide and aryl boronic acid and p-nitrophenol reduction.

Nickel (Ni)-based materials have been shown as good catalysts for hydrogen production by steam reforming of methane, but the hydrogen productivity has been restricted due to agglomeration among particles on Ni loaded catalysts. A new strategy is demonstrated by which to produce ultimate nickel nanocatalysts with high particle dispersion and high metal loading by using automated and systematic synthesis tools based on a simple melt-infiltration process and thermal treatment. The systematic sequence can yield highly dispersed Ni nanoparticles (4.5 nm) with high metal loading (25 wt%) on porous alumina (u-Ni/Al2O3) as an ultimate catalyst.

For the highly productive nanocatalyst synthesis, ensuring the formation and stabilization of active nanoparticles with enlarged surface areas by increasing their metal loading and dispersion have been major issues. Herein, we report a facile method based on a simple melt-infiltration process for creating extremely productive Fe5C2 nanoparticles (∼14 nm) incorporated into graphene flakes (Fe5C2/G) with a stable and high Fe load (∼35 wt%). They showed extremely high C5+ hydrocarbon productivity (4.41 gC5+HC gcat−1 h−1), CO conversion (91.8%), and Fe time yield (6.5 × 10−4 molCO gFe−1 s−1) as well as good thermal stability in CO hydrogenation reactions under harsh conditions.

Efficient catalysts for energy conversation from wastewater and energy storage are still existing. The effective hydrogen energy production through lower energy consumption is considered as a promi...

Iron-based nanoparticles with uniform and high particle dispersion, which are supported on carbon structures, have been used for various applications. However, their preparation still suffers from complicated synthesis involving multiple steps and from the high price of precursors and solvents. In the present work, a new carbon encapsulated iron-carbide nanoparticle supported on nitrogen-doped porous carbon (Fe5C2@C/NPC) structure was introduced. It was made using a simple solid-state reaction with sequential thermal treatments. Fe5C2@C/NPC is a highly active and stable catalyst for the high-temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction. It showed very high hydrocarbon productivity (4.71 gHC·gcat−1·h−1) with high CO conversions (up to 96%).

Hollow nanomaterials have attracted great interest because of their many applications in catalysis, nanoreactors, drug delivery systems, for lubrication and in gas sensors. Here, carbon sphere templates were prepared from glucose under hydrothermal conditions to facilitate the synthesis of hollow Fe2O3 nanospheres. Thermal decomposition of an iron precursor in benzylalcohol with the carbon spheres resulted in the deposition of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the carbon sphere templates. The nanoparticles on the carbon surface naturally agglomerate and form a dense oxide shell during the calcination step, which produces typical Fe2O3 hollow structures. The gas sensing performance of the hollow Fe2O3 nanospheres was investigated at an operating temperature of 300 °C. The hollow Fe2O3 nanospheres showed high sensitivity (R = 10.766 at 1 ppm formaldehyde) with a linear response to formaldehyde gas concentration in the range of 0.8~2.4 ppm, and good selectivity to formaldehyde gas in volatile organic compounds, compared to commercial Fe2O3 nanoparticles.

A hierarchical architecture designated as Fe5C2@Ns-rGO/CNT, consisting of carbon nanotubes, steam activated N-doped reduced graphene oxides, and activated iron carbide nanoparticles, was prepared via microwave irradiation and subsequent CO activation. The Fe5C2@Ns-rGO/CNT was successfully applied to a rapid CO hydrogenation reaction showing extremely high activity of 4.4 × 10−3 molCO gFe−1 s−1 at a fast gas velocity of 210 NL gcat−1 h−1.

Mesoporous SiO2-supported Cu2O nanoparticles as an egg-shell type catalyst were prepared by impregnation method. The obtained Cu2O/SiO2 egg-shell nanocatalyst had a large surface area and narrow pore size distribution. In addition, most of the Cu2O nanoparticles, with sizes around 2.0 nm, were highly dispersed in the mesoporous silica. Accordingly, fast reactant diffusion to the active sites would occur, especially when the active metal sites are selectively located on the outer part of the support, i.e., the outer region of the egg shell. In solvent-free Sonogashira reactions for the synthesis of ynones from acyl chlorides and terminal alkynes, this catalyst exhibited a very high catalytic activity. The excellent catalytic performance can be attributed to the synergistic advantages of mesoporous structure and monodispersed Cu2O nanoparticles.

The production of shape-controlled heterometallic nanoparticles (NPs) consisting of Pt and nonprecious metal oxides is crucial to demonstrate the composition–property relationship of NPs. Herein, we report a facile one-pot approach for the controlled synthesis of dumbbell-like Pt–Fe3O4–MnOx and dendritic Pt–MnOx NPs. The key to the success of this synthesis is in changing the quantity of Fe(CO)5 additive to control the reaction kinetics. In the absence of Fe(CO)5, dendritic Pt–MnOx NPs were synthesized through the assembly of small seed NPs. On the other hand, dumbbell-like Pt–Fe3O4–MnOx NPs were obtained in the presence of Fe(CO)5 through controlling the nucleation and growth of Fe and Mn on the Pt NPs, followed by air oxidation. Compared to a Pt/graphene oxide (GO) catalyst, dumbbell-like Pt–Fe3O4–MnOx NPs on GO showed an enhancement of specific activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction owing to the compressive-strain effect exerted on the Pt lattice.

Highly-loaded and well-dispersed Fe 5 C 2 nanoparticles within ordered mesoporous carbon CMK-3 (Fe 5 C 2 @CMK-3) were prepared via a simple melt infiltration method. They were successfully applied to high-temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and showed high CO conversion (91%) and activity (5.1 × 10 −4 mol co g Fe −1 s −1 ) as well as good selectivity (38 wt%) for gasoline-range hydrocarbons (C 5 –C 12 ). The catalytic property of Fe 5 C 2 @CMK-3 was newly interpreted, based on theoretical data obtained by computational simulations.

Nickel-based catalysts have been applied to the catalytic reactions for transfer hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds. In the present work, highly dispersed nickel particles located at the pores of mesoporous silica spheres (Ni@mSiO2) were prepared via an optimized melt infiltration route. The nickel nanoparticles of 10 wt% in the Ni@mSiO2 catalyst could be uniformly loaded with high dispersion of 36.3%, resulting excellent performance for catalytic transfer hydrogenation of aryl ketones.

Large-scale synthesis of cobalt nanoparticles supported on alumina (Co/Al2O3), which has well dispersed metallic cobalt around 15 nm, was conducted via a simple melt infiltration process of a cobalt hydrate salt and subsequent thermal reduction. The catalytic performance of Co/Al2O3 was studied for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis in order to optimize the liquid fuel productivity for target hydrocarbon products controlled by reaction pressures and temperatures. The catalyst showed promising CO conversions up to 76% with high hydrocarbon productivity (∼1.0 gHC gcat−1 h−1) and good stability.

Ordered mesoporous carbon materials are becoming increasingly important in catalysis applications due to their advantageous stability and surface properties. In this paper, we report a replication of the synthesis of mesoporous carbon CMK-3 using SBA-15 as a silica template. Ni/CMK-3 was prepared by incorporating Ni particles formed inside the pores of CMK-3 by impregnation of nickel nitrate and subsequent hydrogen reduction. The prepared Ni/CMK-3 has a large surface area and a very small nickel nanoparticle size (1 nm) with the aim of achieving high performance in catalytic hydrogenation reactions. Moreover, we demonstrate that CMK-3 has a higher stability than that of SBA-15 during the hydrogenation reactions of acetophenone derivatives.

Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles supported on charcoal, graphene, or SBA-15 were prepared by a simple solid-state grinding technique and subsequent thermal treatment. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles supported on activated charcoal exhibited high catalytic activity and furnished good yields of the alkynyl selenide product in the cross-coupling reaction of diphenyl diselenide and alkynes through activation of C−H and Se−Se bonds under ecofriendly conditions, surpassing traditional copper-based catalysts to effect the same organic transformation.

We prepared highly productive Co/MCF nanocatalysts by a facile melt infiltration process using a hydrated Co precursor. The highly loaded Co particles (30 wt%) were uniformly dispersed in the large pores (30 nm) of the MCF support. The Co particles had an average diameter of 17 nm and clean surfaces without any surfactant. The Co/MCF catalyst exhibited very high hydrocarbon productivity (∼0.98 gtotal HC gcat−1 h−1) with high activity (CO conversion = 77%, CTY = 7.6 × 10−5 molCO gCo−1 s−1) and good selectivity for C5+ long chain hydrocarbons (∼81%) in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis.

The development of an eco-friendly and economical synthetic pathway of nanomaterials such as metal nanoparticles and nanoporous metals remains a challenging topic in the field of nanomaterials. Here we report a novel and eco-friendly series of synthetic methods from the preparation of metal nanoparticles to the fabrication of hierarchical porous metals by using partial film boiling phenomena established by a reactor with the inverse configuration of conventional Leidenfrost drop reactors, which is much more favorable to large-scale production than conventional Leidenfrost drop reactors. As a result, we have revealed two important facts, which can offer fresh vision to the field of metal nanoparticle and nanoporous metal synthesis. The first one is that Pd and Pt precursor can be reduced to neutral Pd and Pt nanoparticles under basic condition established by partial film boiling phenomena without reducing agents such as ethanol and citric acid. The second one is that when citric acid and ethanol as a mild ...

Combined high catalytic activity and thermal stability were achieved with a well-structured, surfactant-free Pd@porous SiO2 yolk–shell nanostructure, resulting from the entirely exposed Pd core particles and highly porous silica shells. Pd@SiO2 core–shell nanoparticles were synthesized by a water-in-oil microemulsion method for direct silica coating of as-prepared tiny Pd nanoparticles. Hydrothermal etching and subsequent high thermal treatment generated large pores in the silica shells and facilitated complete removal of surfactants around the core particles. The surfactant-free Pd@pSiO2 yolk–shell nanoparticles efficiently catalyzed the oxidation of benzyl alcohol as well as that of various substituted benzyl alcohols.

A facile synthesis of rose-like Pd-Fe3O4 nanocomposites via controlled thermal decomposition of Fe(CO)5 and reduction of Pd(OAc)2, followed by the immobilization of Au nanoparticles (NPs) onto the Pd-Fe3O4 supports, is reported. The morphology of these hybrid nanostructures could be easily controlled by varying the amount of Fe(CO)5 and the reaction temperature. Moreover, the synthesized Au/Pd-Fe3O4 catalyst exhibited high catalytic activity for the tandem synthesis of 2-phenylindoles and demonstrated magnetic recyclability.

Using a simple thermal treatment under a CO flow, uniform micrometer-sized iron oxalate dihydrate cubes prepared by hydrothermal reaction were transformed into Fe5C2@C nanoparticles to form a mesoporous framework; the final structure was successfully applied to the high-temperature Fischer-Tropsch reaction and it showed high activity (CO conversion = 96%, FTY = 1.5 × 10(-4) molCO gFe(-1) s(-1)) and stability.

We developed a photocatalyst (T–FC) that incorporated anatase TiO2 (T) nanoparticles on magnetically enhanced carbon [iron oxide (F; α,γ-Fe2O3–Fe3O4) supported on activated carbon (C)] for use as a highly visible-light-active, low-cost, recyclable, and photostable catalyst for the degradation of organic dyes and bacterial sterilization. The T–FC photocatalyst with a large Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area (564.3 m2 g−1) was synthesized by wet-chemical processing and ultrasound irradiation. Under visible-light irradiation, the highest photocatalytic activity for T–FC ([k] = 3.874 h−1) was 32.6 and 3.1 times higher than those of T ([k] = 0.119 h−1) and FC ([k] = 1.259 h−1). The recyclability of T–FC was high, with a dye decolorization rate measured at ∼95.8% of the initial value after 15 recycles. Furthermore, T–FC showed more substantial antimicrobial properties against both Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) than T and FC when exposed to visible-light for 120 min. Even after 10 cycles of use, T–FC killed more than 95.7% of E. coli. These results indicated that T–FC might have utility in several promising applications such as wastewater treatment and as a bactericidal agent.

This paper reviews recent developments in the field of hybrid Pd nanoparticles and their catalytic activity in the Suzuki coupling reaction, which is used extensively in the fabrication of both simple and complex biaryl compounds. We developed three types of Pd-silica hybrid nanoparticles. Pd/SiO2 nanobeads containing tiny Pd clusters, Pd@nickel phyllosilicate yolk-shell nanoparticles, Pd@porous SiO2 yolk-shell nanoparticles were synthesized, and they displayed highly efficient catalytic activity and excellent reusability. The hybrid nanoparticles also catalyzed the Suzuki coupling reaction with various substrates, including bromobenzene and chlorobenzene. This review also briefly discusses the synthesis procedure, structural characterization, and catalytic activity of hybrid Pd nanoparticles.

The use of nanostructure materials as heterogeneous catalysts in the synthesis of organic compounds have been receiving more attention in the rapid developing area of nanotechnology. In this review, we mainly focused on our own work on the synthesis of hybrid palladium−iron oxide nanoparticles. We discuss the synthesis of Pd−Fe3O4—both morphology-controlled synthesis of Pd−Fe3O4 and transition metal-loaded Pd−Fe3O4—as well as its application in various C−C coupling reactions. In the case of rose-like Pd−Fe3O4 hybrid nanoparticles, thermal decomposition can be used instead of oxidants or reductants, and morphology can be easily controlled. We have developed a method for the synthesis of nanoparticles that is facile and eco-friendly. The catalyst was recyclable for up to five continual cycles without significant loss of catalytic activity and may provide a great platform as a catalyst for other organic reactions in the near future.

Recently, a convenient melt-infiltration method, using a hydrated metal salt with porous support, was developed to prepare various metal/metal-oxide nanocatalysts. Until now, millimeter-scale, bead-shaped, cobalt egg-shell catalysts have been used to enhance the rate of reactant diffusion and catalyst performance. In the present work, new SiO2@Co/mSiO2 egg-shell nanoreactors (~300 nm) were synthesized with controlled Co content of 10 and 20 wt%. This was accomplished using a selective melt-infiltration process with porous silica shells around solid-silica cores. The SiO2@Co(10 wt%)/mSiO2 egg-shell catalyst that bears small cobalt nanoparticles of -2 nm was successfully employed for the industrially valuable Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction, showing the high activity of -8.0 x 10(-5) mol(CO) x gCo(-1) x S(-1).

Pd/SiO2 nanobeads containing tiny Pd clusters with a diameter of about 2 nm were prepared via a sol–gel process for SiO2 by using a water-in-oil microemulsion with Pd complexes and subsequent hydrogen reduction by heat treatment. The Pd/SiO2 nanostructures were employed in Suzuki coupling reactions with various substrates, and they served as good catalysts in these reactions.

tion is not particularly effective in the samples that have small metal cores. These difficulties have hindered the large scale synthesis of yolk-shell-type catalyst structures. Herein, we demonstrated that a Co@SiO2 yolk-shell nanostructure was an excellent target for large scale synthesis by a simple treatment. As shown in Scheme 1, we fabricated CoO@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles at first and converted them Co@SiO2 yolk-shell nanostructures were fabricated on a gram scale by simple hydrogen reduction of CoO@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles without using an etching step. The cobalt core diameters were reduced by the lattice volume contraction of CoO to Co, forming vacancy between the cores and the silica shells. The Co@SiO2 yolk-shell nanocatalysts were employed for the phenoxycarbonylation of iodobenzene, and exhibited high activity and reusability. The magnetic property of the cobalt cores enabled the facile separation of catalysts from the products.

In the present work, we report the synthesis of Ni@SiO2 yolk−shell nanocatalysts that bear tiny nickel cores with an average diameter of 3 nm. The nickel nanoparticles were coated with silica through the microemulsion method, and the resulting Ni@SiO2 core−shell nanoparticles were partially etched by acid treatment. The calcination of the particles yielded yolk−shell nanocatalysts with a uniform structure. The catalysts were employed for heterogeneous hydrogen-transfer reactions of acetophenone. The optimized reaction condition used 0.03 mol % of the catalysts in the presence of 20 mol % of base at 423 K for 30 min. Under this condition, the conversion reached 90%, and the TOF was calculated to be 6000 h−1, which is at least 60 times higher than the previous results using nickel catalysts. The catalysts were highly stable and more than six times recyclable without any loss of catalytic activity. This rational yolk−shell design of the nanocatalysts can be employed for various organic reactions with the adv...

Thermal and air-stable uniform Cu2O nanocubes were employed in the development of a gram-scale, one-pot polyol synthesis. Herein is reported an efficient cross-coupling reaction of aryl halides and phenols with a catalytic amount (0.1 mol-%) of Cu2O nanocubes as recyclable catalyst and Cs2CO3 as the base in THF at 150 °C. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)

Nano RD program Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) Korean Government (MOST)

This paper reviews recent developments in the field of hybrid Pd nanoparticles and their catalytic activity in the Suzuki coupling reaction, which is used extensively in the fabrication of both simple and complex biaryl compounds. We developed three types of Pd-silica hybrid nanoparticles. Pd/SiO2 nanobeads containing tiny Pd clusters, Pd@nickel phyllosilicate yolk-shell nanoparticles, Pd@porous SiO2 yolk-shell nanoparticles were synthesized, and they displayed highly efficient catalytic activity and excellent reusability. The hybrid nanoparticles also catalyzed the Suzuki coupling reaction with various substrates, including bromobenzene and chlorobenzene. This review also briefly discusses the synthesis procedure, structural characterization, and catalytic activity of hybrid Pd nanoparticles.

Polycrystalline Mo/MoOx nanoflakes were synthesized via the thermal decomposition of molybdenum carbonyl in the presence of stabilizing surfactants. These nanoflakes were readily transformed into single-crystalline MoO3 and MoS2 nanoparticles within 2 nm diameters by in situ addition of oxygen and sulfur into the colloidal solution.

ZnO—CuO core—branch hybrid nanoparticles are synthesized and applied as highly active heterogeneous catalyst in the title reaction.

A various size of Sn-Cu nanoparticles were synthesized by using a modified polyol process for low temperature electronic devices. Monodispersive Sn-Cu nanoparticles with diameters of 21 nm, 18 nm and 14 nm were synthesized. In addition, the eutectic composition shift was also observed in nano-sized particles as compared with bulk alloys. By controlling the size and eutectic composition, a significant melting temperature depression of 30.3 degrees C was achieved. These melting temperature depression approaches will reduce adverse thermal effects in electronic devices and provide the synthesis guidelines for bimetallic nanoparticles with a low melting temperature.

Well designed, uniform Cu2O nanoparticles catalyze the regioselective oxyalkylation of various vinyl arenes under mild conditions.

We have synthesized Pt@silica/nickel phyllosilicate and Pt@silica yolk−shell nanostructures from NiPt@silica core−shell particles by simple chemical treatments. Silica coating of the NiPt alloy nanoparticles via the microemulsion method yielded spherical NiPt@silica core−shell nanoparticles with an average core diameter of 6.5 nm. Under a reflux condition in water, the core−shell structure transformed into Pt@silica yolk−shell nanoparticles with branched nickel phyllosilicate, which exhibited high surface area and large pore volume. The addition of hydrochloric acid selectively etched the nickel component from the NiPt cores and yielded Pt@silica yolk−shell nanoparticles with single-crystalline platinum cores. The average diameter of the metal cores was reduced to 4.5 nm. In both cases, the nickel components behaved as sacrificial spacers and successfully formed a vacancy between the metal cores and the silica hollow shells.

CuO hollow nanostructures have been used for the catalytic [3 + 2] cycloaddition of azides with terminal alkynes to provide the products in good yields with high regioselectivity.

Metal nanoparticles whose sizes are between those of bulk and monomeric metal species have a wide range of applications; such nanoparticles are used in various electronic, optical, and magnetic devices as well as in the production of catalytic ma-terials. Transition-metal nanoparticles are an important class of catalysts used in organic synthesis.

ZnO-CuO core-branch hybrid nanoparticles, synthesized by copper oxide growth and controlled oxidation on ZnO nanospheres, exhibited remarkable enhancement of catalytic activity and stability for ultrasound-assisted [3+2] azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions, due to their high surface area and active facets of the CuO branches.

Ni@SiO(2) core-shell nanoparticles were transformed to Ni particles on silica spheres via a branched nickel phyllosilicate phase by hydrothermal and hydrogen reduction reactions; the final morphology was successfully employed as an active nanocatalyst for the hydrogen transfer reaction of acetophenone.