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Polymeric nanoparticles are widely studied in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Kaempferitrin-loaded nontoxic and biodegradable poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) developed by the solvent emulsion evaporation method by improving its solubility and bioavailability. In order to improve the delivery of kaempferitrin (KM) to cancerous cells, folic acid (FA) combined kaempfertrin PLGA NPs were prepared. The goal of the study was whether PLGA NPs with surface KM and FA could help to prevent colorectal cancer. The synthesis of KM with FA in a nanomedicine could be crucial in the development of colon cancer chemotherapeutics. The physicochemical characteristics of synthesized KM-entrapped PLGA NPs were investigated by XRD, FTIR, zeta potential, and TEM. The KM + FA + PLGA NPs showed particle size with 132.9 ± 1.4 nm, zeta potential -15.0 ± 1.73 mV, encapsulation efficiency 67.92 ± 4.8, and drug-loading capacity 0.463 ± 0.173. In vitro cytotoxicity study on HT-29 cell lines using the MTT assay, the apoptotic study revealed that KM + FA + PLGA NPs have an enhanced cytotoxic effect compared to the KM + PLGA NPs drug solution. These findings suggested that KM + FA + PLGA NPs could be an effective chemotherapeutic drug delivery system in colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells., (© 2022 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.)

The advanced technology for synthesizing nanoparticles utilizes natural resources in an environmentally friendly manner. Additionally, green synthesis is preferred to chemical and physical synthesis because it takes less time and effort. The green synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles has recently risen due to its physico-chemical properties. In this study, many functional groups present in Psidium guajava leaf extracts are used to stabilize the synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles. The biosynthesized cobalt oxide nanoparticles were investigated using UV-visible spectroscopic analysis. Additionally, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of carboxylic acids, hydroxyl groups, aromatic amines, alcohols and phenolic groups. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed various peaks ranging from 32.35 to 67.35°, and the highest intensity showed at 36.69°. The particle size ranged from 26 to 40 nm and confirmed the average particle size is 30.9 nm. The green synthesized P. guajava cobalt oxide nanoparticles contain cobalt as the major abundant element, with 42.26 wt% and 18.75 at% confirmed by the EDAX techniques. SEM images of green synthesized P. guajava cobalt oxide nanoparticles showed agglomerated and non-uniform spherical particles. The anti-bacterial activity of green synthesized P. guajava cobalt oxide nanoparticles was evaluated against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli with a 7 to 18 mm inhibitory zone. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated using green synthesized P. guajava cobalt oxide nanoparticles and observed 79% of dye degradation. The MTT assay of P. guajava cobalt oxide nanoparticles showed an excellent cytotoxic effect against MCF 7 and HCT 116 cells compared to normal cells. The percentage of cell viability of P. guajava cobalt oxide nanoparticles was observed as 90, 83, 77, 68, 61, 58 and 52% for MCF-7 cells and 82, 70, 63, 51, 43, 40, and 37% for HCT 116 cells at the concentration of 1.53, 3.06, 6.12, 12.24, 24.48, 50, and 100 μg/mL compared to control cells. These results confirmed that green synthesized P. guajava cobalt oxide nanoparticles have a potential photocatalytic and anti-bacterial activity and also reduced cell viability against MCF-7 breast cancer and HCT 116 colorectal cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver-silica (Ag-SiO2) embedded in polyethersulfone (PES) composite membranes were prepared by adding different ratios of Ag-SiO2 in PES and designated as PES-Ag-SiO2-01 ~ PES-Ag-SiO2-05. The synthesized hybrid membranes were investigated to check the influence of Ag-SiO2 on the morphology, hydrophilicity, porosity, mechanical properties, water permeability, bovine serum albumin (BSA) separation, nitrophenol adsorption and antibacterial characteristics of the hybrid membranes. The inclusion of Ag-SiO2 enhanced the porosity of PES hybrid membranes (79% ~ 84.7%) and as result, the hybrid membranes exhibited lower mechanical properties comparative to PES membranes. However, the hydrophilicity of the PES hybrid membranes was enhanced by adding Ag-SiO2 nanoparticles causing a gradual decrease in contact angle (73.4° to 58.8°). The hybrid membranes displayed higher water permeability and nitrophenol adsorption as compared to pure PES and furthermore these properties were enhanced by increasing Ag-SiO2 content in the PES hybrid membrane. The hybrid membrane with higher contents of Ag-SiO2 showed a water flux of 127.7 L/hm2 which is much greater than pure PES membrane (73.30 L/hm2). In addition, the PES hybrid membrane exhibited a strong BSA rejection and PES-Ag-SiO2-04 showed a maximum BSA rejection (91%). The incorporation of Ag-SiO2 nanoparticles improved the antimicrobial activity of the membranes which strongly depend on the contents of nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biogenic combustion with Mellifera (Honey) capping produced ZnO, Ag-doped ZnO, and Fe-doped ZnO nanoparticles. The phase and crystal structure of metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) have been recorded through XRD spectrum. It confirms that the prepared metal oxides are within the nanoscale range. The average crystallite size of Fe-doped ZnO is 8.8 nm, smaller than ZnO and Ag-doped nanoparticles. The vibrational spectra of ZnO, Ag-doped ZnO, and Fe-doped ZnO nanoparticles confirm functional group stretching vibrational modes. The exterior surface morphology of all metal oxide nanoparticles was captured by FESEM. Metal oxide nanoparticle compositional analysis shows elemental presence, atomic, and weight %. The optical properties of metal oxide nanoparticles have been examined using UV–vis spectroscopy. The band gap energy of ZnO nanoparticles reduced from 2.68 eV to 1.74 eV under Fe doing and increased to 2.9 eV under Ag doing. Metal oxide thermal stability is also being investigated to determine how it affects ZnO nanoparticles. Fe-doped ZnO nanoparticles have greater sensor properties than other metal oxides due to their tiny size, band gap, and stability. Gas sensor behaviour of three metal oxide nanoparticles was examined in various accepts. It proves Fe-doped ZnO is a promising gas sensor material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this present research, a simple cost-effective auto-combustion method has been adopted to prepare NiO nanoparticles with nickel nitrate and urea as raw materials. Urea has been taken as a fuel to perform combustion processes with different concentrations (50%, 75%, and 100%). The effects of urea concentration on structural, optical, morphological properties, and colloidal stability of NiO nanoparticles were analyzed through various techniques (XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and Zeta Potential analyzer). The single-phase cubic structure of NiO nanoparticles was examined through an XRD profile, and it confirms that the crystallite size of the nanoparticles is in the nanoscale range. The average crystallite size of NiO nanoparticles increases with an increase in fuel concentration (18.2 nm for 50%, 27.3 nm for 75,% and 38.4 nm for 100%). Among three different fuel ratios, 50% urea has been concluded as the optimum fuel ratio to prepare fewer particles. The functional groups present in all three samples were recorded by FT-IR spectra, which confirms the metallic Ni-O presence in all the samples. The role of fuel ratio on morphology was also examined by SEM micrographs, and morphological changes under three fuel ratios were also observed. The colloidal stability of NiO nanoparticles for all three samples was analyzed by a zeta potential analyzer, and it confirms that the stability of the samples is varied with fuel ratios. Using UV–vis spectra, the optical band gap of NiO nanoparticles was calculated. The optical band gap of NiO nanoparticles decreases as particle size increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]