1. Effects of ZnO/TiO 2 nanoparticle and TiO 2 nanotube additions to dense polycrystalline hydroxyapatite bioceramic from bovine bones.
- Author
-
Pires LA, de Azevedo Silva LJ, Ferrairo BM, Erbereli R, Lovo JFP, Ponce Gomes O, Rubo JH, Lisboa-Filho PN, Griggs JA, Fortulan CA, and Borges AFS
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Ceramics, Durapatite, Materials Testing, Surface Properties, Titanium, X-Ray Diffraction, Nanoparticles, Nanotubes, Zinc Oxide
- Abstract
Objectives: A bovine dense hydroxyapatite ceramic (HA) was produced as new biomaterial, however, the production of a material with consistently high flexural strength remains challenging. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ZnO nanoparticles, TiO
2 nanoparticles, and TiO2 nanotubes (1%, 2%, and 5% by weight) on the microstructure and flexural strength of a bovine dense hydroxyapatite ceramic (HA)., Methods: Discs (Ø=12.5mm; thickness=1.3mm) were prepared and subjected to X-ray diffraction (XRD), and observation with a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), biaxial flexural strength (BFS) testing, and Vickers hardness (VH) testing. The BFS and VH data were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests (α=0.05) and Weibull analysis., Results: The XRD showed that the addition of nanomaterials caused the formation of a secondary phase when 5% of the ZnO nanoparticles was used, or when all percentages of the TiO2 nanoparticles/nanotubes were used, and the HA crystallographic planes were maintained. Differences were not observed between the higher BFS values obtained with pure HA and those obtained with the 5% addition of TiO2 nanoparticles. However, the results were different compared with the other groups (α=0.05). The results obtained by Weibull analysis revealed that the 1%, 2%, and 5% addition of TiO2 nanotubes, and the 1% and 2% addition of TiO2 nanoparticles decreased the HA characteristic strength (σ0 ), while the Weibull modulus (m) increased when 5% of TiO2 nanoparticles, 1% and 2% of ZnO nanoparticles, and 2% of TiO2 nanoparticles were added, but with no statistical difference from the pure HA. The 5% addition of ZnO2 nanoparticles decreased the σ0 without changing m. Moreover, the 5% addition of TiO2 nanoparticles resulted in an m closest to that of pure HA. Regarding the VH results, the blend of HA with 1% and 2% addition of TiO2 nanoparticles exhibited the higher values, which were similar between the different addition ratios (p=0.102). Moreover, the addition of 5% TiO2 nanoparticles resulted in higher value compared with pure HA., Significance: This study demonstrated that the HA blend with 5% of TiO2 nanoparticles has the greatest potential as a bovine HA dense bioceramic reinforcement., (Copyright © 2019 The Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF