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The advancement of colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention, detection, and treatment is essential to ensure that survivors live longer and higher-quality lives. The field of cancer detection and therapy has undergone a revolution with the development of nanotechnology for targeted drug delivery. The significant problems with the delivery of cancer drugs are their solubility, stability, and nonspecific distribution. There is a challenge that the acidic and enzymatic environment in the digestive tract will modify or destroy the medication or the active pharmaceutical ingredient. To overcome the problems, nanoparticles have been widely employed during the past several years to increase the specificity, selectivity, and controlled release of drug delivery systems. The site-specific and targeted delivery leads to reduce toxicity and side effects. With respect to the capability and utilization of cyclodextrin-based nanoparticles in different aspects of the tumour microenvironment and gut microbiota, a survey of current research papers was conducted via looking through databases including GoogleScholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. This review aims to summarize cutting-edge nanoparticulate-based technologies and therapies for CRC., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The influence of mPEG-PCL and mPEG-PLGA on encapsulation efficiency and drug-loading of nanoparticles was very important. SN-38 NPs were prepared from a series of diblock copolymers: mPEG1000-PLGA2000, mPEG2000-PCLs, mPEG5000-PCLs, mPEG2000-PLGAs, and mPEG5000-PLGAs by the thin film-hydration method. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by morphology, size, encapsulation efficiency, drug-loading, and in vitro release behavior. This experiment suggested that the encapsulation efficiency and drug-loading of SN-38 NPs were attained the maximum values when the ratio of hydrophilic to hydrophobic block was between 1:2 and 1:3.

This work developed a triple-encapsulated nano-delivery system for topical and long-term glaucoma treatment. We encapsulated betaxolol hydrochloride (BH), a glaucoma drug loaded in refined acid-treated montmorillonite (RAMt), in hyaluronic acid/chitosan (HA/CS) cross-linked nanoparticles with high encapsulation efficiency and further wrapped them with Eudragit (ED) films to achieve dual sustained release. RAMt-BH-HA/CS@ED NPs exhibited excellent physicochemical properties for the sustained release of betaxolol hydrochloride. In vitro release experiments were performed, and the results showed that the drug release lasted for up to 8 h. Then, particle surface hydrophobicity experiments showed that the nanoparticles had both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties. The ocular safety of the nanoparticles was confirmed by the chick embryo allantoic membrane assay and the rabbit blink frequency test. In the mucin-nanoparticle interaction experiments, the interaction between the nanoparticles and the mucin solution with high pH and low concentration (simulating the aqueous layer microenvironment of tears) was stronger than that with low pH and high concentration (simulating the tear mucin layer microenvironment of tears). Therefore, the nanoparticles showed excellent retention properties in tears and cornea. In vivo experiments in a rabbit model of elevated intraocular pressure demonstrated that the IOP-lowering effect was sustained for more than 12 hours. In conclusion, nanoparticles effectively lower IOP with excellent tolerability, and offer promising applications for long-term treatment of glaucoma. • A nano-delivery system (RAMT-BH-HA/CS@ED NPs) was constructed. • The NPs showed a slow-release of BH with no obvious irritation to ocular. • The NPs could rapidly interact with mucin and reach deeper corneal tissues. • The NPs could produce a higher and smoother IOP-lowering effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]