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Nanostructured materials along with an added value of polymers-based support carriers have gained high interest and considered ideal for enzyme immobilization. The recently emerged nanoscience interface in the form of nanostructured materials combined with immobilized-enzyme-based bio-catalysis has now become research and development frontiers in advance and applied bio-catalysis engineering. With the involvement of nanoscience, various polymers have been thoroughly developed and exploited to nanostructured engineer constructs as ideal support carriers/matrices. Such nanotechnologically engineered support carriers/matrix possesses unique structural, physicochemical, and functional attributes which equilibrate principal factors and strengthen the biocatalysts efficacy for multipurpose applications. In addition, nano-supported catalysts are potential alternatives that can outstrip several limitations of conventional biocatalysts, such as reduced catalytic efficacy and turnover, low mass transfer efficiency, instability during the reaction, and most importantly, partial, or complete inhibition/deactivation. In this context, engineering robust and highly efficient biocatalysts is an industrially relevant prerequisite. This review comprehensively covered various biopolymers and nanostructured materials, including silica, hybrid nanoflower, nanotubes or nanofibers, nanomembranes, graphene oxide nanoparticles, metal-oxide frameworks, and magnetic nanoparticles as robust matrices for cellulase immobilization. The work is further enriched by spotlighting applied and industrially relevant considerations of nano-immobilized cellulases. For instance, owing to the cellulose-deconstruction features of nano-immobilized cellulases, the applications like lignocellulosic biomass conversion into industrially useful products or biofuels, improved paper sheet density and pulp beat in paper and pulp industry, fruit juice clarification in food industry are evident examples of cellulases, thereof are discussed in this work. [Display omitted] • Herein, nano-biocatalytic systems are comprehensively discussed with potential applications. • Immobilized-cellulase based bio-catalysis has become research and development frontiers. • Various applied perspectives are given with suitable examples. • Lignocellulosic biomass conversion into industrially useful products or biofuels • Fruit juice clarification in food industry is evident examples and discussed herein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fast industrialization and population growth are associated with the increased release of hazardous contaminants in the environment. These hazardous substances, including pharmaceutical, biomedical, personal-care products, heavy metals, endocrine-disrupters, and colorants, pollute the ecosystem by disturbing nature's balance. Nanotechnology has paved new horizons in biochemical engineering by designing novel approaches of integrating nanoscale science with biotechnology to construct improved quality materials for target uptake of pollutants. Recently, nanostructured materials have emerged as research and development frontiers owing to their excellent properties. The tailored designing of nanohybrids constructs with physicochemical alteration enables the nano-bioadsorbent with high target specificity and efficiency. The development of eco-friendly, biodegradable, cost-efficient, and biopolymer-based nanohybrid constructs is gaining attention to remove hazardous environmental pollutants. κ-carrageenan biopolymer is frequently used with different nanomaterials to design nanohybrid bio-adsorbents to remove various contaminants. Herein, the potentialities of carrageenan-based nanohybrid constructs in environmental remediation have been summarized. Different nanostructures, e.g., silica, non-magnetic/magnetic, carbon nanotubes/nanorods, nanoclay/nanomembrane, metal organic frameworks, graphene oxide, and other nanomaterials have been described in combination with carrageenan biopolymers focusing on environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]